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Welding: Al-Hussein Bin Talal University

This document discusses various types of welding processes. It describes gas welding which uses heat from combusting gases to melt and join metals. It also describes arc welding which generates heat from an electric arc between an electrode and the welded parts, reaching temperatures over 4000 degrees Celsius. The document outlines different arc welding methods including manual welding with electrodes, manual welding with carbon electrodes, gas tungsten arc welding, gas metal arc welding, and resistance welding. It provides details on types of resistance welding such as spot welding, seam welding, and projection welding. The document also briefly discusses forge welding.

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Jaber Abdallah
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52 views8 pages

Welding: Al-Hussein Bin Talal University

This document discusses various types of welding processes. It describes gas welding which uses heat from combusting gases to melt and join metals. It also describes arc welding which generates heat from an electric arc between an electrode and the welded parts, reaching temperatures over 4000 degrees Celsius. The document outlines different arc welding methods including manual welding with electrodes, manual welding with carbon electrodes, gas tungsten arc welding, gas metal arc welding, and resistance welding. It provides details on types of resistance welding such as spot welding, seam welding, and projection welding. The document also briefly discusses forge welding.

Uploaded by

Jaber Abdallah
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Al-Hussein Bin Talal University

College of Engineering

mechanical engineering

Jaber Abdallah Al-mukahal.

120160507023

Welding
 Introduction

It is a manufacturing process in which two metals or thermoplastics are


usually joined by using heat to melt the ends of the two materials
together, sometimes with external pressure, and then let them cool,
giving them permanent hardness. The welding process differs from the
processes of joining other materials that are carried out at temperatures
such as mixing and soldering processes, which are not accompanied by
fusion of the materials to be connected.
The welding process also usually requires a shield to protect the filling
material or the melted material from being contaminated or oxidized
Welding has been known since ancient times. The earliest examples of
welding come from the Bronze Age. Small golden circular boxes are
made with pressure welding joints together. During the Iron Age,
Egyptians and people in the eastern Mediterranean learned to solder iron
parts together
During the Middle Ages, the art of blacksmithing was developed and
many iron elements welded by the hammer were produced. Welding was
not invented as we know it today until the nineteenth century. Welding
continues to evolve to this day.
Gas welding

Gas welding is one of the types of welding, in which the ends of


the parts are melted of salt as well as the precipitating substance in
addition to the mortar that occurs as a result of the generation of
heat resulting from the combustion of a gaseous mixture (a suitable
gaseous fuel) with air or pure oxygen. The welding process is
completed after the molten metal freezes in the welding process.
Among the most important gases in this welding process
:are
 acetylene
 hydrogen
 natural gas
 kerosene
 waxing gas
 gasoline gase

Arc welding

Arc welding is one of the most important types of welding, and


is done by the heat generated by an electric arc between the
electrode and the welded part. The temperature in this type of
welding reaches 4000 degrees Celsius, which is sufficient
temperature to melt the metal at the welding point or to melt
additional metal from a wire and to melt when cooled, creating a
.solid joint
The electrical current needed for welding can be
:obtained in the following ways

current generators, some of which have constant voltage -1


.characteristics, others have variable voltage characteristics

vehicles that generate a constant current -2

means of electrical transformers that give alternating current, -3


AC welding is used more frequently than DC welding due to
the cheap equipment needed for AC welding operations in
addition to the small energy needed in welding operations

:Methods of arc welding

:Manual welding with metal electrodes


It is one of the methods used a lot in welding operations and it
is most often carried on alternating current. Metal steel
electrodes (welding wire) are used as latency (i.e. filling
material) and wires used are 1-12 mm in diameter and up to
.500 mm in length

:Manual welding with carbon electrodes


This type of welding takes place using carbon or graphite
electrodes, and these electrodes are made with diameters of 8-
30 mm and length from 200-300 mm. Usually welding in this
.type is done using constant current

:Gas Tungesten Arc Welding

This type of welding is one of the first developments that


occurred to arc welding as it is surrounded by a cylindrical
curtain of an inert gas. It was previously called (Tig Welding)
and the inert gases used are argon, helium or a mixture of one
or more types. This gas curtain is used to isolate the welding
area from The air

:Gas Metal Arc Welding

This method is similar to the previous method except that the


electrode electrode (the wire used) is consumed during the
welding process as it is automatically fed to the welding site.
The gas curtain is in this case carbon dioxide or a mixture of
carbon dioxide and argon gas

:Resistance welding
It is one of the welding methods in which heat and pressure are
used and heat is generated as a result of the passage of an
electric current of high intensity and low voltage for a short
period of time specified in the position to be welded from the
part. You can perform welding at the point or place where it
can heat, by pressing by polarity
This method is considered economical in relation to the cost
price if compared to other methods, despite the high price of
resistance welding machines. It also has the advantage that in
this method the possibility of welding of asymmetric metals

:Types of electrical resistance welding

Spot Welding
is one of the common methods of contact welding. Spot
welding is divided into two groups:

1. Single spot welding on one or both sides.

2. Multiple spot welding


Two or more patches are made at the same time as the
current flows

Resistance Seam Welding


This type is used in welding oil tanks, gasoline, water, pipes
and a number of parts made of steel and non-ferrous metals.
The thickness of the metal that can be welded in this way
ranges between 25-30 mm.

This type of welding is divided into two


:groups

Synthetic soldering welds.1


Reciprocating seam welds.2

PROJECTION WELDING
is used for protruding welding machines
that are larger than those used for spot welding

Forge Welding

in this type of welding, the two metals are


heated to a certain temperature and then knocked together
until a solid welding is obtained. Forging is the oldest
welding process that humans have known in its industrial
history. Modern welding processes are an evolution of this
process

Forging welding is divided into three


:groups

1. Lap Welding
2. Cleft Welding
3. Butt Welding

here are many types of welding that I did not mention (


because of the fact that the position of welding is a very
large and broad subject, and therefore I tried to mention the
)most important types of welding

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