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Problem - 6A PDF

1) A worker is pushing on a crate with a force that increases linearly with time according to F(t) = (5.40 N/s)t. 2) The crate is on a motorized cart accelerating at a constant 2.80 m/s^2. 3) At t = 5.00 s, the force exerted by the worker is 27.0 N and the speed of the cart is 14.0 m/s. 4) Using the equation for power, P = Fv, the instantaneous power supplied by the worker's force at t = 5.00 s is calculated to be 378 W.

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112 views

Problem - 6A PDF

1) A worker is pushing on a crate with a force that increases linearly with time according to F(t) = (5.40 N/s)t. 2) The crate is on a motorized cart accelerating at a constant 2.80 m/s^2. 3) At t = 5.00 s, the force exerted by the worker is 27.0 N and the speed of the cart is 14.0 m/s. 4) Using the equation for power, P = Fv, the instantaneous power supplied by the worker's force at t = 5.00 s is calculated to be 378 W.

Uploaded by

Monica
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Excersise: 6.

1
A pump fills a tank of capacity 300 m3 in 5h. The tank is situated at a height of 20 m from
the water level. If the efficiency of the pump is 65% calculate the power of the engine
which has driven the pump (g = 10 m/s2).

Solution:
Volume = V = 300 m3
Time = t = 5h = 5 x 3600 s = 18000 s
Ugrav = m g y

W U mgy
P= = grav =
t t t

P=
Vdgy

   
300 m3 1000 kg/m3 10 m/s 2  20 m 
 3333.33 Watts
t 18000 s

65% of Actual power = 3333.33 Watts


0.65( Actual power) = 3333.33 Watts
Actual power = 333.33/ 0.65 = 5128.2 Watts
Excersise: 6.3
A factory worker pushes a 30.0-kg crate a distance of 4.5 m along a level floor at constant velocity by
pushing horizontally on it . The coefficient of kinetic friction between the crate and the floor is 0.25.
(a) What magnitude of force must the worker apply?
(b) How much work is done on the crate by this force?
(c) How much work is done on the crate by friction?
(d) How much work is done on the crate by the normal force? By gravity?
(e) What is the total work done on the crate?

Solution:

(a) The magnitude of the force the worker must apply is:
Fworker = fk =μkn =μkm g = (0.25)(30.0 kg)(9.80 m/s2) = 74 N
(b) Since the force applied by the worker is horizontal and in the direction of the
displacement, φ = 0° and the work is:
Wworker = (Fworker cosφ ) s = [(74 N)(cos0°)](4.5 m) = +333 J
(c) Friction acts in the direction opposite of motion, thus φ =180° and the work of friction is:
Wf = ( fk cosφ ) s = [(74 N)(cos180°)](4.5 m) = −333 J
(d) Both gravity and the normal force act perpendicular to the direction of displacement.
Thus, neither force does any work on the crate and Wgrav=Wn = 0.0 J.
(e) Substituting into the net work relation, the net work done on the crate is:
Wnet =Wworker +Wgrav +Wn +Wf = +333 J + 0.0 J + 0.0 J − 333 J = 0.0 J
The net work done on the crate is zero because the two contributing forces, Fworker and Ff .
Excersise: 6.20
You throw a 20-N rock vertically into the air from ground level. You observe that when it is 15.0 m
above the ground, it is travelling at 25 m/s upward. Use the work–energy theorem to find
(a) the rock’s speed just as it left the ground and
(b) its maximum height.
Solution:
(a) h =15.0 m and v2 = 25.0 m/s,
Applying Wgrav = K2 − K1 we obtain
1 1
mgy= m v 22  m v12
2
2 2 2
2 g y = v 2  v1
2
v1 = v 22  2 g y   25 m/s   
 2 9.8 m/s 2 15 m   30.3 m/s

(b) Solve the same work-energy relation for h.


At the maximum height v2 = 0.
The weight of 20 N was never used in the
1 1 calculations because both gravitational potential
-mgy= m v 22  m v12
2 2 and kinetic energy are proportional to mass, m.
2 2 Thus any object, that attains 25.0 m/s at a height
y=
v12  v 22

 30.3 m/s    0 m/s   46.8 m of 15.0 m, must have an initial velocity of 30.3
2g 
2 9.8 m/s 2  m/s. As the rock moves upward gravity does
negative work and this reduces the kinetic
energy of the rock.
Excersise: 6.23
A sled with mass 8.00 kg moves in a straight line on a frictionless horizontal surface. At
one point in its path, its speed is 4 m/s; after it has travelled 2.50 m beyond this point, its
speed is 6 m/s. Use the work–energy theorem to find the force acting on the sled, assuming
that this force is constant and that it acts in the direction of the sled’s motion.
Solution:
Here, φ = 0°
W = F s cosφ
ΔK = F s cosφ = F s
Fs = ΔK
1 1 1
ΔK
m v 22  m v12 m v 22  v12  
F =  2 2  2
s s s The force is in the direction of the
1 2 2
displacement, so the force does
8 kg   6 m/s    4 m/s   positive work and the kinetic
F = 2  32 N energy of the object increases.
 2.5 m 
2 2

y=
2
v v
1
2
2

 30.3 m/s    0 m/s 
 46.8 m
2g 
2 9.8 m/s 2

Excersise: 6.33

Three identical 6.40-kg masses are hung by three identical springs, as shown in Figure. Each spring has
a force constant of7.80 kN/m and was 12.0 cm long before any masses were attached to it.
(a) Draw a free-body diagram of each mass.
(b) How long is each spring when hanging as shown?
(Hint: First isolate only the bottom mass. Then treat the bottom two masses as a system. Finally, treat
all three masses as a system.)

Solution:
Balancing forces on each of the
masses we get
F = kx gives
m g = k x3

x3 = 

mg  6.4 kg  9.8 m/s
2

 0.8 cm
kx1 = mg  kx 2  3mg
3
k 7.8 x 10 N/m  mg 
kx 2 = mg  kx 3  2mg x1 = 3    3  0.8 cm   2.4 cm
 k 
 mg 
x2 = 2    2  0.8 cm   1.6 cm The lengths of the springs, starting from the top one, are
 k  14.4 cm, 13.6 cm and 12.8 cm.
The top spring stretches most because it supports the
most weight, while the bottom spring
Excersise: 6.49
A crate on a motorized cart starts from rest and moves with a constant eastward
acceleration of a = 2.80 m/s2. A worker assists the cart by pushing on the crate with a
force that is eastward and has magnitude that depends on time according to F(t) =
(5.40 N/s)t. What is the instantaneous power supplied by this force at t = 5.00 s?

Solution:
The force acts through a distance over time, so it does work on the crate and hence supplies
power to it. The force exerted by the worker is variable but the acceleration of the cart is constant.
We know that
F = k x = (5.40 N/s)(5.00 s) = 27.0 N
Again, v = v0 + at
v = (2.80 m/s )(5.00 s) =14.0 m/s.
P = Fv
P = (27.0 N)( 14.0 m/s) = 378 W
The instantaneous power will increase as the worker pushes harder and harder.

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