REPORT ON

GREEN ARCHITECTURE

SUBMITTED BY-

MOHAMMAD ZAID BEG

Bachelor of Architecture

Tenth semester (2019-2020)

FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE AND PLANNING

INTEGRAL UNIVERSITY
 LUCKNOW

INTRODUCTION
WHAT IS GREEN ARCHITECTURE?
Green architecture, or green building, is an approach to building that
minimizes harmful effects on human health and the environment. The
green architect attempts to safeguard air, water, and earth by choosing
eco-friendly building materials and construction practices.

Green architecture produces environmental, social and economic

benefits. Environmentally, green architecture helps reduce pollution,
conserve natural resources and prevent environmental degradation.
Economically, it reduces the amount of money that the buildings
operators have to spend on water and energy and improves the
productivity of those using the facility. And Socially, green buildings are
meant to be beautiful and cause only minimal strain on the local
infrastructure.

CHARACTERISTICS:
It may have many of these characteristics:

 Ventilation systems designed for efficient heating and cooling.

 Energy-efficient lighting and appliances.
 Water saving plumbing fixtures.
 Landscapes planned to maximize passive solar energy.
 Minimal harm to natural habitat.
 Alternate power sources such as solar power or wind power.
 Locally-obtained woods and stone.
 Responsibly harvested woods.
 Adaptive use of older buildings.
 Use of recycled architectural salvage.
 Effective use of space.
WHY IS GREEN BUILDING IMPORTANT?
The growth and development of our communities has a large impact on
our natural environment. The manufacturing, design, construction and
operation of the building in which we live and work are responsible for
the consumption of many of our natural resources.

CONCEPT
The ‘green building’ concept is gaining importance in various countries,
including India. These are buildings that ensure that waste is minimized
at every stage during the construction and operation of the building,
resulting in low costs, according to experts in the technology.

WHY A GREEN BUILDING?

The green building practice expands and complements the classical
building design concerns of economy, utility, durability and comfort.

Indian Green Building Council (IGBC) has licensed the leadership in

energy and environmental design (LEED) Green building Standard from
the U.S Green Building Council and is responsible for certifying LEED-
New construction and LEED-Core and Shell buildings in India.

Indian Green Building Council, formed by Confederation of Indian

Industry (CII) 2001, is continuously striving towards wider adoption of
eco-friendly and green building concepts in the Indian industry.

Rating Systems:

 GRIHA (Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment)

 IGBC (Indian Green Building Council)
 BEE (Bureau of Energy Efficiency)
 LEED (Leadership in Energy Environmental Design)
GRIHA – GRIHA is a rating tool that helps people to assesses the
performance of their building against certain nationally acceptable
benchmarks. GRIHA attempts to quantify aspects such as energy
consumption, waste generation, renewable energy consumption, waste
generation, renewable energy adoption, etc. so as to manage, control
and reduce the same to the best possible extent.

LEED – LEED is the most widely used green builiding rating system in
the world. Available for virtually all building types. LEED provides a
framework for healthy, highly efficient, and cost -saving green buildings.
LEED certification is a globally recognized symbol of sustainability
achievement and leadership.

CONSIDERATION FOR GREEN BUILDING

Green building involves consideration in four main areas:

 Site development.
 Material Selection.
 Minimization
 Energy efficiency
 Indoor air quality
 Consider site development to reduce the impact of development
on the natural environment. For example, orient buildings to take
advantage of solar access, shading and wind patterns that will
lessen heating and cooling loads.
 Carefully select materials that are durable, contain recycled
content, and are locally manufactured to reduce negative
environmental impacts.
 Incorporate energy efficient design into buildings to create an
efficient and comfortable environmental. Take advantage of the
natural elements and technologies to conserve resources and
pollutants.
 Design for high indoor air quality to promote occupant health and
productivity.
 Minimize the waste in construction and demolition processes by
recovering materials and reusing or recycling those.

THE PRINCIPLES OF GREEN BUILDINGS

The green building design process begins with an intimate
understanding of the site in all its beauties complexities. Designers
concrete features in their buildings that mimic the functions of particular
eco-systems. Creating new habitat on structures in urbanized areas is
especially important to support bio-diversity and a healthy ecosystem.

Five major elements of green building design :

 Sustainable site design.

 Water conservation and quality.
 Energy and environment.
 Indoor environmental quality.
 Conservation of materials and resources.

GREEN BUILDING BENEFITS:

Green building is not a simple development trend; it is an approach to
building suited to the demands of its time, whose relevance and
importance will only continue to increase (USGBC).

Comfort, because a well – designed passive solar home or building is

highly energy efficient, it is free of drafts. Extra sunlight from the south
windows makes it more cheerful and pleasant in the winter.

Economy, if addressed at the design stage, passive solar construction

doesn’t have to cost more than conventional construction, and it can
save money on fuel bills.

Aesthetics, Passive solar buildings can have a conventional appearance

on the outside and the passive solar features make them bright and
pleasant inside.

Environmentally responsible. Passive solar homes can significantly cut

use of heating fuel and electricity used for lighting. If passive cooling
strategies are used in the design, summer air conditioning costs can be
reduced as well.
GREEN BUILDING MATERIALS :
Green building materials are generally composed of renewable rather
than non-renewable resources and are environmentally responsible
because their impacts are considered over the life of the product.
In addition, green building materials generally result in reduced
maintenance and replacement costs over the life of the building,
conserve energy, and improve occupant health and productivity.
Green building materials can be selected by evaluating characteristics
such as reused and recycled content, zero or low off-gassing of harmful
air emissions, zero or low toxicity, sustainably and rapidly renewable
harvested materials, high recyclability, durability, longevity, and local
production.
There are several materials which are used as a green building materials
:
STRAW BALE :
Unlike other recycled materials, straw bale can be used in its raw state
-requiring no further processing and is quite affordable.
By utilizing straw bale, the building will naturally provide very high levels
of insulation for climate change.
Straw bale is a low impact, low carbon building material that has gained
more mainstream acceptance by the public. However, areas with
extreme humidity and high rainfall may not be the appropriate choice for
straw bale construction.

EARTHEN STRUCTURES :
Builders build rammed-earth and other earthen structures using perhaps
the greenest building materials. Constructed from dirt, gravel, clay, and
lime, and often harvested locally, these homes offer a durable and well-
insulated building.
Insulated concrete forms (ICF)
Insulating concrete forms result in cast-in-place concrete walls that are
sandwiched between two layers of insulation material. These systems
are strong and energy efficient.
GRASS CRETE :
Also known as “Sustainable Urban Drainage”, Grasscrete is a green
alternative to standard concrete surfaces for parking lots, driveway and
other access roads giving drainage benefits and improving stormwater
absorption.
Grasscrete is beneficial for businesses and developers because it drains
at about the same rate (90%) as would an ordinary lawn in the same
location. With 47% concrete and 53% holes filled with grass, it will help
to form a natural bio-filter to significantly remove pollutants.

GRASS CRETE BAMBOO

Source : pinterest.com Source : modlar.com

BAMBOO :
Underutilized for many years, bamboo has long been used as a
traditional building material and is gaining more spotlight due to its
potential for eco-friendly purposes in green construction.
Bamboo produces more oxygen and absorbs more carbon dioxide,
which  is very ideal in combating global climate change. Apart from that,
Bamboo is easily grown and harvested, making it one of the most cost-
effective construction materials to date. Bamboo is also highly
sustainable and give san aesthetic appeal in construction for housing.

RECYCLED PLASTIC :
Plastics are one of the most energy-efficient materials over their entire
life-cycle. The fact being that the typical lifespan of plastic applications in
building and construction is up to 30 to 50 years.

RECYCLED PLASTIC WOOD

Source : underconstruction.com Source : Autodesk.com

WOOD :
Wood is a historic, classic and durable green building material that has a
longevity, aesthetics and flair to buildings for thousands of years.
Using wood as a material in building construction can have significant
environmental benefits. Manufacturing wood for construction is less
energy intensive than other materials, including concrete, steel, cement
or glass production with some percentage of recycled material. The
finished product also has lower embodied energy.
RAMMED EARTH :
Because of the potentially low manufacturing impacts, rammed earth has
recently become a highlight amongst eco-friendly and sustainable
architect for a vernacular green building material for its “Eco Houses”.
Rammed earth provides several advantages such as superior thermal
mass, temperature and noise control, strength and durability, low
maintenance, fire proofing, load bearing and pest deterrence. In terms of
aesthetics, Rammed earth offers a natural and eco-friendly
environmental ambience because of its natural color made by
aggregated earth substances.

RAMMED EARTH MYCELIUM

Source : greenbuildingmaterial.com Source : pinterest.com

MYCELIUM :
Mycelium, a concrete which is capable of organic self-
healing, reduces the need for high price repairs. It’s an eco-friendly
insulation material that outperforms traditional fiberglass. Mycelium will
be a major step for biomass green building materials.
FERROCK :
Ferrock, a carbon-negative cement alternative which offers a stronger
and greener alternative to standard cement manufacturing methods
helps reduce a significant amount of carbon emission between fuel
burning to running cement mixers and chemical processes.
Any structure that is made with Ferrock cement will inevitably be longer-
lasting and does not need repairs and replacement. The eco-friendly
benefits to this green cement list goes on.
FERROCK TIMBERCRETE
Source : ironkast.com Source : psg.org

TIMBERCRETE :
A combination between timber waste from various sources and concrete
results in what you would call a Timbercrate – a green material that is
lighter that solid concrete with greater strength and insulating
capabilities.
This green material provides unique thermal qualities that combine
thermal mass and insulation usually turned constructed for eco-housing.
Timbercrete is also bushfire proof, which allows minimal heat transfer
and radiation. The other benefit is that this material is very user-friendly,
which can be nailed, screwed and sawn easily by anyone.

ASHCRETE :

AshCrete is a concrete alternative that uses fly ash instead of traditional

cement.  By using fly ash, a by-product of burning coal, 97 percent of
traditional components in concrete can be replaced with recycled
material.

CELLULOSE :

Made from recycled paper, cellulose is the second most common

insulation material and is considered a very green choice when used
properly. Also, it is relatively inexpensive, with costs similar to fiberglass.

VOC :
Low/no-VOC (volatile organic compound) paints, stains, and coatings
paints and stains are a common source of indoor air quality issues due
to the amount of harmful VOCs needed to keep them in a usable liquid
form.

CASE STUDIES :
GRIHA RATED: Suzlon- One Earth, PUNE

LEED REATED: Manitoba Hydro Place, Canada

CASE STUDY-1:

SUZLON ONE EARTH, PUNE

Introduction

Campus for world’s largest integrated wind turbine manufacturers.

a. Office Complex b. Corporate learning center

Plot area - 45,392 sq.mt

Built up area- 70,865 sq.mt

Capacity – 3000 employees

STAKEHOLDERS OF THE PROJECT

 Client – Suzlon Energy Ltd.

 Principal Architect – Christopher Charles Benninger Architects

 Developers – Vascon Engineer

 Landscape Architects – Ravi and Varsha Gavandi

 Interior Architects – Tao Architecture and Space Matrix

 Electrical consultants – Power Engineers

 HVAC consultants – Refrysinth

 Plumbing Consultant – Rahul Dhadphale

 Lighting consultants – Ministry of Lights

 Communication and Experience – Elephant design

 Green Building Design and Certification – Environmental Design

Solution

DESIGN PROCESS
Project Performance Targets – Energy

-Carbon Neutral (through on site + off site energy)

-Zero Net Energy for Lighting (through On-Site generation)

– PV systems integrated in design

– Micro Wind (to be evaluated)

– Biomass (Kitchen waste + STP output + landscape

Waste)

-Positive Life Cycle cost of all investments Energy Systems (Except

renewable to have a payback < 5 years
Envelope Performance

– Minimal Heat Gain (40% better than ASHRAE 90.1 2007

and ECBC envelope standards)

– 100% shaded Glazing during summer (April- October)

– Natural Ventilation Potential in transition spaces

– Day lighting (>90% Day lit spaces)

Controlled Solar Access - Shading with Mass articulation

Optimum Orientation and Solar shading

Fig. 3b – Window with vertical shades to cut

off early morning and late evening sun,
from North side.

Fig. 1 - Annual Radiation Chart –

Source Climate Responsive Architecture 2004

Fig. 2 - Solar Radiation Chart for Gurgaon,

summers –
Source Climate Responsive Architecture 2004
INSULATED/GREEN ROOF

Building Performance Targets

– Illuminance Levels

– As per NBC 350 Lux average

– Lighting Load (<0.8 W/sqft for offices)

– Suspended direct indirect light fittings

– Desk and furniture mounted task light

 Energy and use
 Optimize building design to reduce the conventional energy
demand

 Optimize the energy performance of the building within specified

comfort limits

ENVELOP

 HIGH PERFORMANCE GLAZING-

 The exposed glass is 4mm Clear Annealed + 0.76mm PVB + 6mm

KT 455 + 12mm Air gap + 6mm Clear Heat-Strengthened.

 U value- 0.32 Btu/hr.ft2.ºF; Solar Factor- 0.26 which is less than

0.3 prescribed by ECBC for moderate climate zones. Thus, no
additional shading is necessary for these.

Day lighting

More than 75% of Regularly occupied spaces are day lit with a DF of >2.5%
 Efficient Lighting Design
 Dimmable ballasts in conjunction with daylight sensors are used
throughout the Open Office space.

 General Lighting at 350 Lux.

 The Artificial Lights - dimmed up & dimmed down from 0% to

100% depending on the adequacy of available daylight to meet the
350lux requirement.

 The Task Lights have an Intelligent Built-in Occupancy sensor in

conjunction with a Continuous dimmer.

 Lighting of individual offices is controlled by combined daylight and

occupancy sensors.

 90 % of the Luminaries in the Office space are with dimmable

ballasts & are either connected to Occulux sensors, daylight sensors or
Occuswitch sensors.

 The installed lighting of office spaces has been designed at 0.8

W/sq. ft., 0.75W/Sq.ft. for cores, 0.23W/ sq. ft. for basement parking.
Overall L.P.D. by whole building area method is 0.8 W/ sq. ft.

Energy Efficient HVAC System

 SYSTEM FLEXIBILTY OF VARIABLE REFRIGERANT VOLUME
SYSTEM- The indoor unit's cooling operation can be controlled to
maintain desired temperature in any location in the premises according
to end user's needs and preferences.

 PRE-COOLING AND HEAT RECOVERY AT T.F.A.s-

 A sensible heat exchanger is used as pre-cooler to sink the temperature

of incoming air (say 38.4°C DBT approx.) to approx.27.66°C.

 DIRECT-INDIRECT EVAPORATIVE COOLING

 1) Sensible cooling of approx. 130% of fresh air in an efficient heat

exchanger, using pre-cooled water.

 2) Further cooling of air, and simultaneous cooling of water in indirect

evaporative cooling section of the unit. Air required for cooling tower
part this section is drawn from the outlet of the same section. (This is
 the excess 30% quantity which has been cooled in the first and the
second sections). This air is termed commonly as "scavenge air“.

 3) Direct evaporative cooling of 100% air in the final section.

Energy: embodied and construction

 Utilization of fly ash in the building structure

 Reduce volume, weight, and time of construction by adopting an

efficient technology

 Use low-energy material in the interiors

Utilization of fly ash in the building structure

15%

Replacement Of Cement With Fly Ash By Weight Of Cement In Total

Structural Concrete
 Reduce volume, weight, and time of construction by
adopting an energy-efficient technology

Low Energy Technology/materials in LowEnergyTechnology/materialsinnon-

structural application- PT Slab structuralapplication- Siporex blocks

FOR SLAB AND BEAM SAVING IN CONCRETE 37%

FOR COLUMN AND FOOTING SAVING IN CONCRETE 10%

EXCLUDING STRANDS SAVING IN STEEL 50%

Use low-energy material in the interiors

Recycled Content

Local / Regional Materials

Rapidly Renewable Materials

Low-Emitting Materials
 RENEWABLE ENERGY UTILIZATION

BIPV Solar Panels

ESTIMATED ENERGY P.A =20,000 KWH

ESTIMATED ENERGY (18 WIND MILL + 243 SOLAR PANEL) P.A

=2, 30,000 KWH
Renewable-energy-based hot water system
100% of hot water
requirement is met
by the SHW system
installed on site
Water
 Reduce landscape water requirement

 Reduce building water use

 Efficient water use during construction

Reduce landscape water requirement

 Selection of species

 All permanent planting is of native Species

 Minimization of high maintenance lawn area

 Placements of trees along with shrubs

 Planting of shrubs and ground cover on all exposed soil surfaces

 Use of mulching is done to aid plant growth, and retain soil fertility and
moisture

 Seasonal maintenance plan

 Integrated Pest Control plan

 Innovative ways to control wastage of water

 Use of water from non-potable sources

Reduce building water use
 Water Closets

 DUAL FLUSH FULL (6 LPF) and HALF (3 LPF)

 Sensor Based urinals

 URINALS WITH HYTRONIC URINAL SENSORS

 Efficient flow and plumbing fixtures

 PRESSURE REDUCING DEVICE

 WATER CONSERVING SHOWER HEADS

Efficient water use during construction

 Use Of Ready Mix Concrete

 Efficient Curing System

 Chemical Curing

Use of Recycled Water for various construction

process

-Tile Cutting
-Cleaning
Batching Plant
Waste-water treatment
 WTP2 – Water Treatment Plant for Raw Water

 RO - Water Treatment Plant using RO Technology – Max 200LPH

 WTP1 - Water Treatment Plant for Rain Water Harvesting

 System (Recycle and reuse)

 STP – Sewage Treatment Plant (Recycle and reuse)

Annual water reuse of 58.33%

Waste management
 Reduction in waste during construction

 Efficient waste segregation

 Storage and disposal of waste

 Resource recovery from waste

Health and well-being of occupants
 Use of low VOC (volatile organic compounds) paints/adhesives/sealants

 Minimize ozone-depleting substances

 Ensure water quality

 Acceptable outdoor and indoor noise levels

 Tobacco and smoke control

 Provide the minimum level of accessibility for persons with disabilities.

Other energy efficient measures

 E-charging points

 Environmental education

 Integrated pest management

 Offsite green power

 Zero waste management policy

 Construction on renewable energy

Transportation Energy
 Carpooling is encouraged by providing 5% of total vehicle parking
capacity on site as dedicated parking for carpooling.

 Electrical charging points to serve 97 vehicles (16.9% of Total Vehicle

Parking capacity) at one time.

Green education in the campus

 Construction on renewable energy
Offsite green power

Suzlon is making an attempt to offset the environmental impact of energy

consumed by the facility, since the Offsite Green Power produced is more
than 50% of Project’s Energy Consumption.

Summary of Power Consumption from DG and MSEB

Sr. no From DG From MSEB Total Consumption Actual power

generated from
offsite wind mill

1. 34151.4 60097 94248.4 7208180

Safety /Sanitation Facilities For Construction

Workers
Personal Protective Equipment for construction workers

Sanitation and drinking water facility as the labor camp

Crèche for kids of laborer's

Practices to Reduce Air Pollution during
construction
Cover and Enclosure

Awareness Programmes

NO SMOKING policy on site

Water spraying

Net impact

Sustainable design is not a reworking of conventional approaches and

technologies, but a fundamental change in thinking and in ways of
operating - you can't put spots on an elephant and call it a cheetah.
CASE STUDY-2:

MANITOBA HYDRO PLACE, CANADA.

Introduction