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Task 4

1. The document describes a pronunciation lesson for students learning English as a second language. It involves teaching the distinction between the /b/ and /v/ sounds through minimal word pairs like bit/fit rather than in isolation. 2. Examples of minimal pairs provided are bit/fit to demonstrate the /b/ sound and fit/vit to demonstrate the /v/ sound. 3. References on the pronunciation of /b/ and /v/ in English are listed to provide additional information for the lesson.

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Noel Torrado
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769 views

Task 4

1. The document describes a pronunciation lesson for students learning English as a second language. It involves teaching the distinction between the /b/ and /v/ sounds through minimal word pairs like bit/fit rather than in isolation. 2. Examples of minimal pairs provided are bit/fit to demonstrate the /b/ sound and fit/vit to demonstrate the /v/ sound. 3. References on the pronunciation of /b/ and /v/ in English are listed to provide additional information for the lesson.

Uploaded by

Noel Torrado
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Task 1: individual activity

1. Read the following three documents “The phoneme: the same but different” Chapter 2,
‘in McMahon, A. M. S. 2016. An Introduction to English Phonology’. Also read the
document: “Natural Language Processing & Applications Phones and Phonemes and,
finally read: “Meaning” chapter 8, pages 50 to 51, in ‘Linguistics Made Easy’ by J.
Aitchison. All the material is found in UNIT 1, in the Knowledge Environment.

2. Based on the first document “The phoneme: the same but different” by McMahon, A,
develop questions one and two from page 21.

2.1 A learner of English as a second language has the following pronunciations (note that
[ʃ] is the symbol for the first sound in ship, and [ð] for the first sound in the):

How might you explain these non-native pronunciations?

The English learner does not correctly understand the sounds and they are confused with
minimal pairs, such as Fish [fiʃ] confused with [Fi: sh] or Push [Pus] for [Puʃ], and so on.

How do you think this learner would pronounce the bold-faced consonants in Daddy,
either, loathe; ship, pass, dish, usher?

Based on the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) that says that each word and each
vowel has its way of being expressed, that is, the movement of the mouth or tongue greatly
influences pronunciation and I think that students would pronounce it like this.

Daddy: dædi
either: i: ðər
loathe: ləʊð
ship: ʃɪp
pass: pæs
dish: dɪʃ
usher: 'ʌʃər
2.2 Do the following sounds contrast in English? Find minimal pairs to support your
hypothesis, ideally for initial, medial and final position in the word. Where minimal pairs
for all positions do not seem to be available, write a short statement of where the sound in
question can and cannot be found.

[m n ŋ p b t d k g l r]

These sounds contrast because they have minimal phonetic difference.

Minimal Pair Initial Medial Final


L light fly deal
R right fry dear
B beak tribe tab
P peek tripe tap
K cot anchor dock
G got anger dog
T To write bet
D do ride bed

3. From the second document, “Natural Language Processing & Applications Phones and
Phonemes” please answer questions 1 and 2 from page 10.

3.1 How many phonemes are there in (a) Keith (b) coughs?

/ Keith / has four phonemes: k/e/i/th


/ Cough / has five phonemes: C/o/u/gh/s

What are they in the IPA? In each case try to demonstrate the correctness of your answer by
finding words differing by only one of the phonemes you have identified.

Keith: keɪθ - feith: feɪθ

Cough: kɒf - Cods: kɒds

3.2 You are NOT expected to know the IPA symbols; the table given in the Appendix will
be provided if and when necessary. However, it is useful to have some practice in using
them. Study the following phonetic transcription of a verse of Lewis Carroll’s poem The
Walrus and the Carpenter. The transcription corresponds to my ‘careful’ pronunciation.
Write down the normal English spelling. If your pronunciation differs from mine, write
down an amended transcription in the IPA.
"The time has come," said the Walrus,
"To talk about many things:
Of shoes - and boats - and sealing wax -
Of cabbages - and kings-
And why is the sea boiling?
What if pigs have wings. "

the pronunciations that are wrong are:

Said: sed
Talk: tɒlk

4. Based on text: “Meaning” chapter 8, pages 50 to 51, in ‘Linguistics Made Easy’ by J.


Aitchison answer the two following questions

4.1 In chapter 8, we can see some classical phenomena related to ambiguous sentences:
please consult in other references and explain what amphibology is, give one example.

Amphibology is defined as those phrases or words that make there be more than one
interpretation of what was meant.

+ I bought a computer and a cell phone. You tell me whenever you want, and I lend it to
you.
- The computer or the cell phone?

4.2 In semantics to identify the meaning of a word, linguists created the notion of
‘semantic field’ please, explain what is it? (hint: in your answer the concept of ‘structure’
is important).

The semantic field in linguistics are those words that share similarities in their meanings,
these are classified depending on the relationships with which they are identified of the
other elements that comprise it, their classifications are:
Semantic field closed: are those fields that are complete and therefore no new elements can
be added.
Open semantic field: it is the opposite of the closed one, in this we can always add new
things.
Gradual semantic field: in this field the elements have a scale depending basically on what
it is.
Antonymic semantic field: are those in which oppositional relationships are established
between words and their meanings.
Associative semantic field: they are those that are associated due to similarities in their
meanings.

5. Here is a scenario of a pronunciation lesson gone wrong. The teacher repeatedly


demonstrates a pair of similar sounds (e.g., “rrrr” and “llll”). However, the students still fail
to perceive the difference between the two. The thing is that students have difficulty
distinguishing between pairs of sounds when these are taught in isolation. Pronunciation
lessons are infinitely more effective when students are taught to distinguish between words
(e.g., light/right), instead of just individual sounds. Design a mini lesson that presents the
[l] and [ɹ] sounds within the context of minimal pairs. (Option, you can select any other
minimal pairs to design the mini lesson). (Adapted from Gordon T. 2012).

I chose the minimum pairs B / V

/B/ sound pronounce the B and that the sound is


correct, it must be said by joining the upper
lip with the lower lip, which prevents the
vocal cords from vibrating giving a good
pronunciation.

/V/ sound

To say the V, the teeth must be placed on


the lower lip, as if you were biting it, it is
like trying to say an f, only that the V is
shorter.
Referencias
Durán, P. T. (2020). Cómo se pronuncua la B y la V en inglés. Obtenido de
https://www.lawebdelingles.com/pronunciation/como-se-pronuncia-la-b-y-la-v-en-ingles/

EnglishClub. (2020). Learn English. Obtenido de


https://www.englishclub.com/pronunciation/minimal-pairs-b-p.htm

Levels, E. (2020). Pronunciación en inglés: Conoce los errores más comunes. Obtenido de
https://abc-englishlevels.com/errores-comunes-pronunciacion-ingles/

Orden, P. e. (2019). ¿Qué es la anfibología? Obtenido de


https://www.upb.edu.co/es/blogs/palabras-en-orden/que-es-la-anfibologia

palabras, J. d. (2020). PALABRAS EN INGLÉS QUE TERMINAN CON ITH. Obtenido de


https://www.ezglot.com/words-ending-with.php?l=eng&w=ith&lang=spa

Sanchez, J. (2018). PRONUNCIACIÓN EN INGLÉS. Obtenido de


https://www.viajarsiningles.com/aprender-ingles-para-viajar/pronunciacion-en-ingles-
alfabeto-fonetico/

Significados.com. (2017). Significado de Campo semántico. Obtenido de


https://www.significados.com/campo-semantico/

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