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Lecture-13 CT Fourier Series PDF

This document discusses Fourier series representation of periodic signals. It begins by introducing Fourier series as an alternative representation for periodic signals and linear time-invariant (LTI) systems using linear combinations of complex exponentials. It then describes how complex exponentials have desirable properties as a set of basic signals, including representing large classes of signals and having a particularly simple response to LTI systems. The document proceeds to explain how complex exponentials act as eigenfunctions of LTI systems and can be used to decompose signals. It concludes by defining a Fourier series as an expansion of a periodic function in terms of sines and cosines, and discusses how to find the Fourier coefficients that define the series.

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80 views

Lecture-13 CT Fourier Series PDF

This document discusses Fourier series representation of periodic signals. It begins by introducing Fourier series as an alternative representation for periodic signals and linear time-invariant (LTI) systems using linear combinations of complex exponentials. It then describes how complex exponentials have desirable properties as a set of basic signals, including representing large classes of signals and having a particularly simple response to LTI systems. The document proceeds to explain how complex exponentials act as eigenfunctions of LTI systems and can be used to decompose signals. It concludes by defining a Fourier series as an expansion of a periodic function in terms of sines and cosines, and discusses how to find the Fourier coefficients that define the series.

Uploaded by

genai
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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FOURIER SERIES

REPRESENTATION OF
PERIODIC SIGNALS
Fourier Series Representation
➢ LTI systems are based on representing signals as linear
combinations of shifted impulses

➢ We now examine an alternative representation for signals and LTI


systems - as linear combinations of a set of complex exponentials
which form a set of basic signals

➢ The resulting representations are known as CT and DT Fourier


series and transforms

➢ First we focus on CT and DT periodic signals, with a representation


known as Fourier series

➢ In later lectures we extend the analysis to the Fourier transform


representation of aperiodic, finite energy signals
Slide Credit: Dr. Salman Abdul Ghafoor
Set of Basic Signals

➢ What are the desirable characteristics of a set of basic


signals?

1. We can represent large and useful classes of signals using


these building blocks

2. The response of LTI systems to these basic signals is


particularly simple and useful

Slide Credit: Dr. Salman Abdul Ghafoor


Set of Basic Signals
➢ Both of the desirable properties are provided by the set of
complex exponential signals in continuous and discrete time

➢ Signals of the form est in continuous time And zn in discrete time

➢ Where s and z are complex numbers.

➢ Previous focus: Unit samples and impulses

➢ New Focus: Eigenfunctions of all LTI systems


Slide Credit: Dr. Salman Abdul Ghafoor
Response of LTI Systems to Complex Exponentials
➢ For every operator, there is a set of functions which after the
operator is applied, produces the same function multiplied by a
constant factor

➢ Such a function is called the eigenfunction of the operator, and


the constant modifier is called its corresponding eigenvalue

➢ An eigenvalue is just a number: Real or complex

➢ The response of an LTI system to a complex exponential input is


the same complex exponential with only a change of amplitude,
that is:

Slide Credit: Dr. Salman Abdul Ghafoor


Eigenfunctions Φk(t) and Their Properties

Slide Credit: Dr. Salman Abdul Ghafoor


Complex Exponentials as Eigenfunctions of LTI
Systems

Slide Credit: Dr. Salman Abdul Ghafoor


Complex Exponentials as Eigenfunctions of LTI
Systems

Slide Credit: Dr. Salman Abdul Ghafoor


Decomposing Signals in Terms of Eigenfunctions

Slide Credit: Dr. Salman Abdul Ghafoor


Eigenvalues and Eigenfunctions

• Show that the complex exponential is an


eigenfunction and find its eigenvalue

Slide Credit: Dr. Salman Abdul Ghafoor


What is a Fourier Series
➢ A Fourier series is an expansion of a periodic function in terms of
an infinite sum of sines and cosines

➢ The computation and study of Fourier series is known as harmonic


analysis

➢ Harmonic analysis is extremely useful as a way to break up an


arbitrary periodic function into a set of simple terms

➢ The set of simple terms can be solved individually, and then


recombined to obtain the solution to the original problem or an
approximation to it to whatever accuracy is desired or practical

Slide Credit: Dr. Salman Abdul Ghafoor


What is a Fourier Series
➢ Fourier analysis relates the function's time domain, shown in red,
to the function's frequency domain, shown in blue

Slide Credit: Dr. Salman Abdul Ghafoor


How Do We Find the Fourier Coefficients

Slide Credit: Dr. Salman Abdul Ghafoor


How Do We Find the Fourier Coefficients

Slide Credit: Dr. Salman Abdul Ghafoor


How Do We Find the Fourier Coefficients

Slide Credit: Dr. Salman Abdul Ghafoor


END

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