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MDB Lesson 5 Torsion PDF

This document discusses torsion and torque in circular shafts. It defines torsional shear stress and how it relates to the twisting moment, polar moment of inertia, and radius/diameter of a solid or hollow circular shaft. It also defines the angle of twist based on torque, length, shear modulus, and polar moment of inertia. Finally, it provides examples of problems calculating shaft diameter, maximum stress, angle of twist, and power transmission.

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324 views

MDB Lesson 5 Torsion PDF

This document discusses torsion and torque in circular shafts. It defines torsional shear stress and how it relates to the twisting moment, polar moment of inertia, and radius/diameter of a solid or hollow circular shaft. It also defines the angle of twist based on torque, length, shear modulus, and polar moment of inertia. Finally, it provides examples of problems calculating shaft diameter, maximum stress, angle of twist, and power transmission.

Uploaded by

poliman2017
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lesson 5: Torsion

Consider a bar to be rigidly attached at one end and


twisted at the other end by a torque or twisting moment
𝑇 equivalent to 𝐹 × 𝑑, which is applied perpendicular to
the axis of the bar, as shown in the figure. Such a bar is
said to be in torsion.
Torsional Shearing Stress, 𝝉
For a solid or hollow circular shaft subject to a twisting
moment 𝑇, the torsional shearing stress 𝜏 at a distance
𝜌 from the center of the shaft is
𝑇𝜌
𝜏=
𝐽
𝑇𝑟
Max. 𝜏 =
𝐽
where 𝐽 is the polar moment of inertia of the section
and 𝑟 is the outer radius.
For solid shaft:
𝜋𝐷4
𝐽=
32
2𝑇 16𝑇
𝑀𝑎𝑥. 𝜏 = 3
=
𝜋𝑅 𝜋𝐷3

For hollow shaft:


𝜋 𝐷4 − 𝑑4
𝐽=
32
2𝑇𝑅 16𝑇𝐷
𝑀𝑎𝑥. 𝜏 = 4 4
=
𝜋 𝑅 −𝑟 𝜋 𝐷4 − 𝑑4
Angle of Twist
The angle 𝜃 through which the bar length 𝐿 will twist is
𝑇𝐿
𝜃=
𝐽𝐺
where 𝑇 is the torque in 𝑁 · 𝑚𝑚, 𝐿 is the length of shaft in
𝑚𝑚, 𝐺 is shear modulus in 𝑀𝑃𝑎, 𝐽 is the polar moment of
inertia in 𝑚𝑚4, 𝐷 and 𝑑 are diameter in 𝑚𝑚, 𝑅 and 𝑟 are
the radius in 𝑚𝑚.

Power Transmitted by the Shaft


A shaft rotating with a constant angular velocity 𝜔 (in
radians per second) is being acted by a twisting moment
𝑇. The power transmitted by the shaft is
𝑃 = 𝑇𝜔 = 2𝜋𝑇𝑓
where 𝑇 is the torque in 𝑁 · 𝑚, 𝑓 is the number of
revolutions per second or Hertz, and 𝑃 is the power in
watts.
Examples:

1. A solid shaft in a rolling mill transmit 20 kilowatts at 2


revolutions per second. Determine the required
diameter of the shaft if the shearing stress is not to
exceed 40 𝑀𝑃𝑎 and the angle of twist is limited to 6° in
a length of 3 𝑚. Use 𝐺 = 83 𝐺𝑃𝑎.

Ans. 58.7 𝑚𝑚
2. A compound shaft consisting of a steel segment and
an aluminum segment is acted upon by two torques as
shown. Determine the maximum permissible value of
𝑇 subject to the following conditions: 𝜏𝑠 = 83 𝑀𝑃𝑎,
𝜏𝑎 = 55 𝑀𝑃𝑎, and the angle of rotation of the free end
is limited to 6°. For steel, 𝐺 = 83 𝐺𝑃𝑎 and for
aluminum, 𝐺 = 28 𝐺𝑃𝑎.

Ans. 679 𝑁 ∙ 𝑚
3. An aluminum shaft with a constant diameter of
50 𝑚𝑚 is loaded by torques applied to gears attached to
it as shown. Using 𝐺 = 28 𝐺𝑃𝑎, determine the relative
angle of twist of gear 𝐷 relative to gear 𝐴.

Ans. 6.34°
Exercise 5:

1. What is the minimum diameter of a solid steel shaft


that will not twist through more than 3° in a 6 − 𝑚
length when subjected to a torque of 12 𝑘𝑁 · 𝑚? What
maximum shearing stress is developed? Use 𝐺 =
83 𝐺𝑃𝑎.
2. A solid steel shaft 5 𝑚 long is stressed at 80 𝑀𝑃𝑎 when
twisted through 4°. Using 𝐺 = 83 𝐺𝑃𝑎, compute the
shaft diameter. What power can be transmitted by the
shaft at 20 𝐻𝑧?
3. A steel propeller shaft is to transmit 4.5 𝑀𝑊 at
3 𝐻𝑧 without exceeding a shearing stress of 50 𝑀𝑃𝑎 or
twisting through more than 1° in a length of
26 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠. Compute the proper diameter if 𝐺 =
83 𝐺𝑃𝑎.
4. Determine the maximum torque that can be applied to
a hollow circular steel shaft of 100 − 𝑚𝑚 outside
diameter and an 80 − 𝑚𝑚 inside diameter without
exceeding a shearing stress of 60 𝑀𝑃𝑎 or a twist of
0.5 deg/𝑚. Use 𝐺 = 83 𝐺𝑃𝑎.
5. The steel shaft shown rotates at 4 𝐻𝑧 with 35 𝑘𝑊 taken
off at 𝐴, 20 𝑘𝑊 removed at 𝐵, and 55 𝑘𝑊 applied at 𝐶.
Using 𝐺 = 83 𝐺𝑃𝑎, find the maximum shearing stress
and the angle of rotation of gear 𝐴 relative to gear 𝐶.

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