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Maternal Assignment

The document discusses key terms related to labor and childbirth such as ripening, fetal descent, molding, and attitude. It also defines the cardinal movements of labor and stages of labor. Stages of labor are explained including factors that influence the beginning of labor. Teaching plans are provided for each stage of labor to educate women on what to expect.

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Joule Peirre
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80 views3 pages

Maternal Assignment

The document discusses key terms related to labor and childbirth such as ripening, fetal descent, molding, and attitude. It also defines the cardinal movements of labor and stages of labor. Stages of labor are explained including factors that influence the beginning of labor. Teaching plans are provided for each stage of labor to educate women on what to expect.

Uploaded by

Joule Peirre
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Name: Via Arawiran Date: September 2,2019

Year and Section: BSN 2-E MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH NURSE

Topic: Theories of Labor, Components of Labor & Stages of Labor

A.) Define the following key terms:

1. Ripening – Semen does contain prostaglandins, which can be helpful in


softening. If a cervix is ready to ripen, semen prostaglandin could possibly
stimulate the beginning of the contractions.

2. Fetal Descent – is downward movement of the biparietal diameter of the fetal


head within the pelvic inlet. Full descent occurs when the fetal head
protrudes beyond the dilated cervix and touches the posterior vagina floor.

3. Molding – is overlapping of skull bones along the sutures lines, which causes
a change in the shape of the fetal skull to one long and narrow, a shape that
facilitate passage through the rigid pelvis.

4. Attitude – describes the degree of flexion a fetus assumes during labor or the
relation of the fetal parts to each other.

5. Cardinal Movement of the Labor – descent, flexion internal rotation,


extension, external rotation, and expulsion. This position is termed cardinal
movement of the labor.

6. Effacement – is shortening and thinning of the cervical canal.

7. Transition – during this phase, contractions reach their peak of intensity,


occurring every 2-3 minutes with a duration of 60 to 80 seconds, and a
maximum cervical dilatation of 8 to 10 cm occurs.
8. Power – the third important requirement for a successful labor is effective
power of labor. This is the force supplied by the fundus of the uterus and
implemented by uterine contractions, which causes cervical dilatation and
then expulsion of the fetus from the uterus.

9. Breech Presentation – mean either the buttocks or the feet are the first body
parts that will contacts the cervix often becomes edematous from the
continued pressure against it.

10. Passage – refers to the route a fetus must travel from the uterus
through the cervix and vagina to the external perineum.

B.) Draw and describe the following fetal positions.

1. LOA – left occipitoanterior


2. ROA – Right occipitoanterior
3. LOP – Left occipitoposterior
4. ROP – Right occipitoposterior
5. LOT – Left occipitotransversely

C.) Differentiate False labor from True labor

 The false labor is when contractions are often irregular and do not get closer
together while true labor contractions come at regular intervals and get closer
together as time goes on.

D.) Discuss three factors that may influence the beginning of labor.

 The uterine muscle stretches from the increasing size of the fetus, which
results in release of prostaglandins.
 The fetus presses on the cervix, which stimulates the release of oxytocin.
 Oxytocin stimulation works together with prostaglandins to initiate
contractions.
 Changes in the ratio of estrogen to progesterone occurs, increasing estrogen
in relation to progesterone, which is progesterone withdrawal.
 The placenta reaches a set age, which triggers contractions.
 Rising fetal cortisol levels reduce progesterone formation and increase
prostaglandin formation.
 The fetal membrane begins to produce prostaglandins, which stimulate
contractions.

E.) Prepare a teaching plan for a woman in the different stages of labor.

1. The First Stage of Labor


 Women should be able to move about freely throughout labor, not be confined
to bed.
 Women should receive continuous support from a caring support person
during labor.
 No interventions such as intravenous fluid should be used routinely.
 Women should be allowed to assume a nonsupine position such as upright and
side lying for birth.
 Mother and baby should be housed together after the birth, with unlimited
opportunity for breastfeeding.

2. The Second Stage of Labor


 Positioning for birth (More effective birth positions include the lateral, sims
position, dorsal recumbent position and squatting. Using these positions plus
warm compress to the perineum place less tension on the perineum and result
in fewer perineal tears.
 The water Birth
Women may not only use a warm water tub for the labor comfort and
relaxation but also to give birth under water. The increased buoyancy they
feel from the water helps them change position easily.
 Promoting effective second-stage pushing
Pushing is usually best done from a semi – Fowler’s position with legs raised
against the abdomen, squatting, or on all-fours rather than lying flat to allow
gravity to aid the effort.
 Perineal cleaning and message
Massaging the perineum as the fetal head enlarges the vaginal opening helps
to keep it supple and prevent tearing.
 The Birth
As soon as the head of the fetus is prominent at the vaginal opening, one
technique to help the fetus achieve extension and allow the smallest head
diameter to present is for the care provider to place a sterile towel over the
rectum and press forward on the fetal chin while the other hand presses
downward on the occiput.
 Cutting and clamping the cord
Cutting the cord is part of the stimulus that initiates a first breath or marks
the newborn’s most important transition into the outside world.
 Introducing Infant

3. The Third and Fourth Stages of Labor


 The delivery of the placenta
 The perineal inspection
 The immediate postpartum assessment and nursing care

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