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3D Printing

This document discusses applications of 3D printing in endodontics. It describes various 3D printing techniques like stereolithography, fused deposition modeling, and bioprinting. Materials used include polymers, resins, cell-loaded hydrogels. Applications mentioned are guided endodontic access, surgical guides, autotransplantation, education models for teaching and clinical simulation. Recent advances discussed are 4D printing and bioprinting. Limitations and technical difficulties are also noted.

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110 views25 pages

3D Printing

This document discusses applications of 3D printing in endodontics. It describes various 3D printing techniques like stereolithography, fused deposition modeling, and bioprinting. Materials used include polymers, resins, cell-loaded hydrogels. Applications mentioned are guided endodontic access, surgical guides, autotransplantation, education models for teaching and clinical simulation. Recent advances discussed are 4D printing and bioprinting. Limitations and technical difficulties are also noted.

Uploaded by

ramkumar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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3 D PRINTING & MICRO GUIDED ACCESS

• 3D PRINTING DEFINITION

• TYPES OF 3 D PRINTERS

• MATERIALS USED IN 3D PRINTING

• APPLICATIONS OF 3D PRINTING IN ENDODONTICS

• GUIDED ENDODONTICS

• GUIDED ENDO.SURGERY

• AUTOTRANPLANTATION

• TEACHING & LEARNING

• RECENT ADVANCES - 4 D PRINTING

• BIOPRINTING

• LIMITATIONS
CBCT - Accurate data & less radiation

Open sourcing software

Digital imaging & communication in medicine - DICOM

Capability to use DICOM files with CAD-CAM

Data converted to STL prior to CAD-CAM

STL file local / distant fabrication

(Endodontic application in 3 D printing-Julie Anderson)


TYPES OF 3D PRINTING

• stereolithographic apparatus - S L A

• fused deposition modelling - F D M

• multijet printing - M J P

• polyjet color printing - C L P

• Digital light processing - D L P

• selective laser sintering ( S L S ) / selective laser melting ( S L M )


• Acquisition of images for 3 D printing - CBCT

• Medical images exported - modelling software

• Positive space models - actual hard-tissue anatomy

• Negative space models - intervening space next to +ve space

• Modelling software - Mimics, Amira, Rhino, Surgicare, ITK-Snap, InVesalius & 3D Slicer

• Printing software - 3D Systems, Solidworks & Alaris


• Charles Hull invented 3 D printing (1984)

• Stereolithography(SLS) - printing of materials on top each successive layers - 3 D object

• Hideo Kodama - rapid prototyping (1981)

• Fused deposition modeling(FDM) - extruder & plastic and layers deposited on a print bed
Materials used in 3D printing

• Fused deposition Modelling - thermoplastic polymers

• Polylactic acid - PLA

• Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene - ABS

• Polycarbonate - PC

• Polyether ether ketone - PEEK


1. Stereolithography (SLA) - resins for photopolymerization, ceramic filled resins

2. Selective Laser sintering (SLS) - powders like polyamide, glass particle filled polyamide, rubber
like polyurethane

3. Polyjet printing - variety of photopolymers

4. Bioprinter - Cell loaded gels & inks based on collagen, photopolymer resins, alginate, hyaluronan,
chitosa

Bioprinting

• 3 D fabrication technique - prints complex tissue constructs using hydrogels loaded with cells & print

• Potential to generate transplantable soft tissues, bone, cartilage


• Complex structures - layer by layer addition of materials

• 4 D - materials change shape, colour, bioactive/ intend to perform function in response to external stimulus

• Tissue engineering - patient specific scaffolds

• Guidance cues printed - extent & rate of tissue regeneration


3D PRINTING IN ENDO

• GUIDED ENDODONTIC ACCESS

• SRUGICAL GUIDES

• AUTOTRANSPLANTATION

• EDUCATION MODELS (Teaching & learning)

• CLINICAL SIMULATION

• RESEARCH
GUIDED ENDODONTICS

A New approach for localizing & negotiating obliterated root canals

LIMITATIONS OF GUIDED ENDODONTICS

1. SUITABLE FOR ANTERIOR TEETH & STRAIGHT canals

2. SIZE OF THE BUR - HEAT GENERATION

3. CRACK FORMATION

4. CBCT - RADIATION & METAL ARTIFACTS

5. MOBILE TEETH
TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES

Prohibitive cost

Substantial learning curve

Diverse product availability with little clinical testing

Accuracy of 3 D printing
39
Computer Assisted Apicoectomy

• Navident dynamic navigation system

• System allowed precise localisation of the root & precise apicoectomy with minimally invasive cavity

• Non-experienced operator to precisely perform - minimally invasive osteotomy & root end resection

3D PRINTING IN RESEARCH

• Shaping ability of files (Orlando Zapata.et.al)

• Obturation techniques in C canal (Gok.et.al)

• E.Faecalis on SLA material ( Mohammed.et.al)


EDUCATION MODELS & CLINCIAL SIMULATION

• Tooth prototype - simulation exercises

• Extracanal invasive resorption ( Kim.et.al)

• Molar with 3 distal roots ( lee.et.al)

• Type III dens invaginatus (Kfier.et.al)

• Regenerative endodontic study models


3 D PRINTED MODEL FOR HANDS ON TRAINING IN DENTAL TRAUMATOLOGY

• Practical & inexpensive

• Highly realistic & useful instructive hands on training

• Difference between the groups significant

• New possibilities for training in treatment - difficult to simulate


3D BIOPRINTING

• Sequencing biological materials - cells, biomolecules -fabricating tissue like constructs

• Scaffold free cell aggregates, biomaterials laden with cells

• Biocompatible resin (NextDentSG,3D systems,Netherlands)

• 3D Printed scaffolds with MTA & Biodentin

• Enhanced differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells in favour of osteogenesis


• Anatomical Scaffolds (22 incisors, dorsum)

• Rat Incisor scaffold & human 3 Molar scaffold

• 80% Polycaprolactone +20% HA

• 3 D microstrands & interconnecting channels(200 microns)

• Cocktail of SDF1+BMP7(100ng/ml)

• Putative PDL & new bone - rat incisor(9 weeks)

• More endothelial cells & angiogenesis - scaffold


CAR
T
A APICAL MICRO
SURGERY
A AUTOTRANSPLANTATION

A ANOMALOUS
TEETH
C CALCIFIED
CANALS
T TEACHING &
LEARNING
R RETREATMENT &
RESEARCH

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