Hydrostatic System - Test and Adjust
Hydrostatic System - Test and Adjust
Page 1 of 26
Shutdown SIS
Previous Screen
Product: SKID STEER LOADER
Model: 216B3 SKID STEER LOADER JXM
Configuration: 216B3 Skid Steer Loader JXM00001-UP (MACHINE)
POWERED BY C2.2 Engine
Testing and Adjusting
259B3 Compact Track Loader, 247B3 and 257B3 Multi Terrain Loaders and 216B3,
226B3, 236B3, 242B3 and 252B3 Skid Steer Loaders Machine Systems
Media Number -UENR0250-03 Publication Date -01/06/2014 Date Updated -19/06/2014
i05874528
Table 1
Required Tools
Part number Description Quantity
6V-4143 Quick Connect Coupler 10
177-7861 Hose As 5
6V-3989 Fitting As 6
6V-3966 Fitting As 2
8T-0855 Pressure Gauge 0 to 4000 kPa (580 psi) 3
Pressure Gauge 0 to
8T-0854 1
1000 kPa (145 psi)
Pressure Gauge 0 to
8T-0860 1
40000 kPa (5802 psi)
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Install a 6V-4143 Quick Connect Coupler to each end of the 177-7861 Hose As . Install a 6V-3989
Fitting to the 8T-0855 Pressure Gauge . Install a 6V-3989 Fitting to the 8T-0854 Pressure Gauge . You
will also need to install a 6V-3989 Fitting to the 186-2613 Pressure Gauge .
Install a 6V-3996 Plate and Film into both of the 7X-2444 Swivel Tee and the 5P-2937 O-Ring
Adapter .
NOTICE
Care must be taken to ensure that fluids are contained during
performance of inspection, maintenance, testing, adjusting, and repair
of the product. Be prepared to collect the fluid with suitable containers
before opening any compartment or disassembling any component
containing fluids.
Before any tests are performed, prepare the machine. Refer to Testing and Adjusting, "Machine
Preparation". Before any tests are performed, visually inspect the complete hydraulic system for oil
leaks and damaged parts. Refer to Testing and Adjusting, "Visual Inspection".
The tests for the hydraulic system should be done in the following order. In order for the hydrostatic
system to function correctly, each component in the system must be set to the correct specifications.
Some components must be set prior to the testing of other components. A component that is not set
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correctly will have an impact on other components in the system.
Do not bypass preceding tests. Do not perform a test before the tests that precede that test have been
done. Table 1 lists the equipment that is needed to perform testing on the hydrostatic system. Equivalent
tooling may be substituted.
Clearly mark all of the hoses and the corresponding pressure gauges, when the hoses are installed. The
hoses and the pressure gauges will be used multiple times in the test and adjust procedures.
Throughout the entire testing procedure, MB pressure refers to the hydraulic oil pressure in the forward
hydrostatic loop. The MA pressure refers to the hydraulic oil pressure in the reverse hydrostatic loop.
When any test is performed on the hydraulic system, the hydraulic oil must be at an operating
temperature of 45° ± 5°C (113° ± 9°F). This temperature range is specified for the standard filled oil at
the factory. Refer to Testing and Adjusting, "Operational Checks" for the proper test procedure. To
increase hydraulic system temperature, start the engine and operate all hydraulic cylinders for at least
five cycles. Move the work tool through the full range of motion.
Note: The oil in the hydraulic system must be at an operating temperature of 45° ± 5°C (113° ± 9° F).
This temperature range is specified for only the standard oil from the factory. Refer to Testing and
Adjusting, "Operational Checks" for the proper test procedure. In order to increase the hydraulic system
temperature, start the engine and operate all hydraulic cylinders for at least five cycles. Move the
machine in the forward and reverse directions. Move the work tool through the full range of motion.
2. Raise the cab. Refer to Operation and Maintenance Manual, "Cab Support Operation" for the
correct procedure.
Illustration 1 g00788958
(1) Charge pressure tap
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3. Install the 177-7861 Hose to the charge pressure tap (1) on the right side of the hydrostatic piston
pump. Connect the 8T-0855 Pressure Gauge to the other end of this hose. Place the hose in a
visible position.
Illustration 2 g00788976
(2) Speed sensing pressure tap
4. Install the 177-7861 Hose to the speed sensing pressure tap (2) . The speed sensing pressure tap is
located on the top of the hydrostatic piston pump. Connect the 8T-0855 Pressure Gauge to the
other end of this hose. Place the hose in a visible position.
Illustration 3 g02156136
Typical example
5. Install the 9U-7400 Multitach Tool Gp on the rear frame. Position the sensor in order to pick up
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the reflective tape on the crankshaft pulley.
Illustration 4 g02156442
Typical example
6. Install the 9U-7400 Multitach Tool Group in the engine compartment. Position the sensor in order
to pick up the reflective tape on the fan blade.
7. Route the test hoses so that the cab does not rest on the hoses. Lower the cab. Ensure that the test
hoses and cables do not contact the tires. Securely bolt the cab to the frame.
8. Start the engine and operate each work tool function. Refer to Testing and Adjusting, "Operational
Checks" for the proper test procedure. Operate the hydrostatic drive forward and operate the
hydrostatic drive rearward until the hydraulic system reaches an operating temperature of 45° ± 5°
C (113° ± 9° F).
9. Set the engine to LOW IDLE and verify the engine RPM. Determine if the engine RPM is within
the proper specification. If the engine RPM for LOW IDLE is incorrect, perform the following
adjustments to the cable assembly of the governor control:
Set the throttle to the HIGH IDLE position.
Install the cable assembly to the engine so the cable nuts can be positioned and tightened in
order to set the throttle bracket. The bracket must contact the HIGH IDLE stop.
Move the throttle to the LOW IDLE position.
Adjust the 6V-7357 Bolt until the low idle stop remains in slight contact with the bracket.
Tighten the 5C-2890 Nut in order to lock the bolt in place.
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Note: The LOW IDLE and HIGH IDLE have been preset at the factory. The setting of the LOW
IDLE and the HIGH IDLE on these engines should not be adjusted. Adjusting the setting can void
the warranties on the fuel injection pump and the engine. Adjusting the setting can invalidate the
standards for emissions. Adjustment of the LOW IDLE and the HIGH IDLE should be made only
by trained personnel. The LOW IDLE and HIGH IDLE for most engine applications is given in
the Systems Operation, "Engine Design". Some engine applications may have a different LOW
IDLE and HIGH IDLE.
Note: Verify the engine rpm for the LOW IDLE and the HIGH IDLE by referring to the
Technical Marketing Information (TMI) or to the Fuel Setting and Related Information Fiche.
Table 2
10. Record the following items at LOW IDLE: engine RPM, charge pressure and speed sensing
pressure.
Table 3
Speed Sensing
Model Charge Pressure
Pressure
Oil Temperature Range
259B3 (S/N: YYZ3700-UP) 3100 ± 200 kPa (450 ± 950 ± 200 kPa (138 ±
29 psi) 29 psi)
11. Increase the engine speed to HIGH IDLE.
If the engine speed for HIGH IDLE is incorrect, perform the following checks:
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Set the throttle to the HIGH IDLE position.
Install the cable assembly to the engine so the cable nuts can be positioned and tightened in
order to set the throttle bracket. The bracket must contact the high idle stop.
Move the throttle to the LOW IDLE position.
Adjust the 6V-7357 Bolt until the LOW IDLE stop remains in slight contact with the
bracket.
Tighten the 5C-2890 Nut in order to lock the bolt in place.
Note: LOW IDLE and HIGH IDLE have been preset at the factory. The setting of the LOW IDLE
and the HIGH IDLE on these engines should not be adjusted. Adjusting the setting can void the
warranties on the fuel injection pump and the engine. Adjusting the setting can invalidate the
standards for emissions. Adjustment of the LOW IDLE and the HIGH IDLE should be made only
by trained personnel. The LOW IDLE and HIGH IDLE for most engine applications is given in
the Systems Operation, "Engine Design". Some engine applications may have a different LOW
IDLE and HIGH IDLE.
Table 4
12. For machines with a standard fan, record the Fan RPM at HIGH IDLE engine RPM.
Table 5
13. For machines with a demand fan, perform the following:
Table 6
REQUIRED TOOLS
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Table 7
MIN 1200 ± 50 RPM
236B3 (S/N: A9H1730-UP)and 252B3 (S/N: TNK1116-UP)
MAX 2490 ± 50 RPM
242B3, 257B3, and 259B3 2490 ± 50 RPM
a. Release the hydraulic system pressure. Refer to Testing and Adjusting, "Hydraulic System
Pressure - Release" for the correct procedure.
Illustration 5 g01364212
(1) Diagnostic connection
b. Install Tooling (A) to the diagnostic connector (1) of the machine in order to measure
engine rpm.
c. Connect Tooling (A) and the Caterpillar Electronic Technician (ET).
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d. Open the engine access door.
Illustration 6 g02156961
(B) Tooling
e. Install Tooling (B) in order to measure fan rpm. Use the reflective tape (C) that is on the fan
blade.
f. The oil in the hydraulic system must be at an operating temperature of 45° ± 5°C (122°
± 18°F). In order to increase the oil temperature, start the engine and operate all the
cylinders for at least five cycles. Also, drive the machine forward and drive the
machine rearward for a few minutes.
g. Set the throttle to the HIGH IDLE position.
Note: Be sure that the throttle is set at HIGH IDLE, since the engine speed is not measured
by the ECM.
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Illustration 7
h. Use the ET software in order to change the maximum fan current override value to 0%.
Refer to Illustration 7 for the "Diagnostic" screen display. Click on "Override Paramaters".
i. Record the minimum fan speed value.
j. Use the ET software in order to change the maximum fan current override value to 100%.
k. Record the maximum fan speed value.
l. If the fan speed is not within the specification, use the Electronic Technician in order to
perform the fan speed calibration procedure. Refer to Table 7 for the specification.
14. Set the engine RPM on all machines. Refer to the table below. Record the speed sensing pressure
and the charge pressure.
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Table 8
1. Perform the Hydrostatic System Baseline Test before testing for start to move.
2. Start the engine and operate each work tool function. Operate the hydrostatic drive forward and
operate the hydrostatic drive rearward. Operate until the hydraulic system reaches an operating
temperature of 45° ± 5°C (113° ± 9° F). Refer to Testing and Adjusting, "Operational Checks" for
the proper test procedure.
3. Set the engine speed to LOW IDLE.
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4. Quickly move the joystick control for drive into forward to the 12 o'clock position. Capture the
time until the machine moves. Use a stopwatch to measure the specifications. Immediately return
the joystick to the neutral position.
5. Repeat four times. Calculate the average in order to determine the Forward Start to Move time.
6. Quickly move the joystick control for drive into rearward to the 6 o'clock position. Capture the
time until the machine moves. Use a stopwatch to measure the specifications. Immediately return
the joystick to the neutral position.
7. Repeat four times. Calculate the average in order to determine the Reverse Start to Move time.
Table 9
Note: If the left wheels or track and the right wheels or track start to move at the same time, this
test is not required.
1. Use cribbing to elevate the machine. The wheels or tracks must not touch the ground. Make sure
that all hoses are out of the way of the rotating wheels or tracks.
2. Sit in the operators seat. Fasten the seat belt and lower the armrest.
3. Start the engine and run the engine at LOW idle.
4. Move the pilot operated hydraulic control ( hydrostatic) slowly forward. Check that the left
wheels or track and the right wheels or track start to move at the same time. If the left wheels or
track and the right wheels or track start to move at the same time, proceed to the "Maximum
Runout"test. If the left wheels or track and the right wheels or track do not start to move at the
same time, proceed to step 5.
5. Raise the cab. Refer to Operation and Maintenance Manual, "Cab Tilting" for the proper
procedure.
Note: Perform the test on rotating group 2 of the piston pump first. Rotating group 2 powers the
piston motor which is on the right side of the machine. Rotating group 2 is farthest from the
engine.
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Illustration 8 g01116389
(4) Neutral adjusting bolt for rotating group 2
(5) Neutral adjusting bolt for rotating group 1
(6) MA Port for rotating group 2
(7) MA Port for rotating group 1
6. Remove the plug from the MA port for rotating group 2 (6) . Install 6V-3965 Fitting with 3J-1907
O-Ring Seal into the MA port for rotating group 2 (6) . Install 8T-0860 Pressure Gauge (0 to
40000 kPa) to the MA port for rotating group 2 (6) with the following items: 6V-3989 Fitting ,
two 6V-4143 Quick Connect Couplers and 177-7860 Hose .
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Illustration 9 g01116394
(8) MB Port for rotating group 2
(9) MB Port for rotating group 1
7. Install 8T-0860 Pressure Gauge (0 to 40000 kPa) to the MB port for rotating group 2 (8) with the
following items: 6V-3989 Fitting , two 6V-4143 Quick Connect Couplers and 177-7860 Hose .
8. Place the gauges in an easily visible position.
9. Lower the cab. Route the test hoses so that the cab does not rest on any of the hoses.
10. Fasten the seat belt and lower the armrest.
11. Start the engine and run the engine at LOW IDLE.
12. Raise the cab.
13. Loosen the locknut for the neutral adjusting bolt. Do not use an impact socket.
14. Turn neutral adjustment screw for rotating group 2 (4) clockwise. Mark the location of the neutral
adjusting bolt when the MB pressure begins to increase.
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15. Turn neutral adjustment screw (4) counterclockwise. Mark the location of the neutral adjusting
bolt when the MA pressure begins to increase.
16. Turn the neutral adjustment screw (4) midway between the two marks.
17. Hold the neutral adjustment screw (4) in position as you tighten the locknut to a torque of 30.0 ±
1.5 N·m (22.1 ± 1.1 lb ft).
18. Lower the cab.
Note: In the next step, the wheels or tracks will rotate. Make sure that all hoses are out of the way
of the rotating wheels or tracks.
19. Move the pilot operated hydraulic control ( hydrostatic) slowly forward. Check that the left
wheels or track and the right wheels or track start to move at the same time.
20. If the wheels or tracks do not start to move at the same time, then repeat this adjustment procedure
for rotating group 1.
Maximum Runout
Illustration 10 g00560554
Typical example of cribbing to elevate the machine.
1. Use cribbing to elevate the machine. The wheels or tracks must not touch the ground.
2. Release the hydraulic system pressure. Refer to Testing and Adjusting, "Hydraulic System
Pressure - Release" for the correct procedure.
3. Raise the cab. Refer to Operation and Maintenance Manual, "Cab Tilting" for the correct
procedure.
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Illustration 11 g00788958
(1) Charge pressure tap
4. Install the 177-7861 Hose to the charge pressure tap (1) on the right side of the hydrostatic piston
pump. Connect an 8T-0855 Pressure Gauge to the other end of this hose. Place the hose in a
visible position.
Illustration 12 g00788976
(2) Speed sensing pressure tap
5. Install the 177-7861 Hose to the speed sensing pressure tap (2) on the top of the hydrostatic piston
pump. Connect an 8T-0855 Pressure Gauge to the other end of this hose.
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Illustration 13 g01364143
6. Install the 177-7861 Hose to the MB1 (3) and the MB2 (4) onto the pressure ports on the right
side of the hydrostatic piston pump. Connect 186-2613 Pressure Gauge to the other end of these
hoses and place the hoses in a visible position.
Illustration 14 g02156136
Typical example
7. Install the 9U-7400 Multitach Tool Gp on the rear frame. Position the sensor in order to read the
reflective tape on the crankshaft pulley.
8. Route the test hoses so that the cab does not rest on the hoses. Lower the cab. Ensure that the test
hoses and cables do not contact the tires. Securely bolt the cab to the frame.
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Illustration 15 g02156964
The illustration shows the correct placement of the reflective tape on a Skid Steer Loader.
Illustration 16 g02157518
The illustration shows the correct placement of the reflective tape on a Multi Terrain Loader.
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Illustration 17 g02157676
The illustration shows the correct placement of the reflective tape on a Compact Track Loader.
9. One wheel or track on each side of the machine will be checked for correct maximum runout.
Apply 1U-6605 Reflective Tape to the bolt heads of each wheel stud or drive sprocket at 90°
intervals. Set the sensor to read the tape strips. Refer to Illustrations 15,16, or 17.
10. Start the machine and set the engine to HIGH IDLE. Verify that the hydraulic oil temperature is
within the specification of 45° ± 5°C (113° ± 9° F). Refer to Testing and Adjusting, "Operational
Checks" for the proper test procedure.
11. Operate the left hydraulic pilot control valve in the FORWARD direction. Hold the hydraulic pilot
control valve in the FORWARD position.
12. Use the 1U-6602 Photo-Tachometer to record the MB pressures. Record the wheel or track speeds
for both sides of the machine. Divide the indicated wheel or track speed by four in order to
calculate the actual wheel or track speed.
Table 10
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Note: If the wheel or track speeds are not within the proper speed runout of each other, perform
the maximum displacement stop adjustment procedure. The hystat displacement stops control of
the maximum stroke of the swashplate in each rotating group in the forward direction.
2. To reduce the left side wheel or track speed runout, turn the maximum displacement adjustment
screw clockwise. To increase the left side wheel or track speed runout, turn the maximum
displacement adjustment screw counterclockwise. The left side maximum displacement
adjustment screw is located on the right side of the hydrostatic pump. Make adjustments by
turning the screw in increments of 1/8 of a turn and recheck using the maximum runout test.
3. Once the right and left speeds are within the specification, tighten the adjustment screw and the
adjustment screw locknut to 22 ± 1 N·m (16.2 ± 0.7 lb ft) and install a 6E-5060 Cap As .
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Personal injury can result from hydraulic oil pressure and hot oil.
Hydraulic oil pressure can remain in the hydraulic system after the
engine has been stopped. Serious injury can be caused if this pressure is
not released before any service is done on the hydraulic system.
Make sure all of the attachments have been lowered, oil is cool before
removing any components or lines. Remove the oil filler cap only when
the engine is stopped, and the filler cap is cool enough to touch with
your bare hand.
The test can be used in order to identify low-power problems with the engine. The test is also used to
identify the crossover relief valves that may be malfunctioning.
1. Raise the cab. Refer to Operations and Maintenance Manual, "Cab Tilting" for the correct
procedure.
Illustration 18 g00790186
Typical example
(1) Electrical connection
(2) Brake solenoid
2. Position the machine against an object that will prevent the machine from moving. Driving
through the brakes is possible. Disconnect the electrical connection (1) for the brake solenoid (2) .
3. The 9U-7400 Multitach Tool Group should still be installed on the machine. If a unit is not
installed on the machine, reinstall a multitach.
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Illustration 19 g01364143
(3) Pressure tap MB for rotating group 1
(4) Pressure tap MB for rotating group 2
4. The two 177-7861 Hose Assemblies should still be attached to the MB pressure ports (3) and (4) .
If the hose assemblies are not installed on the machine, reinstall the hose assemblies.
5. Route the test hoses and cables so that the cab will not rest on the hoses and cables. Securely bolt
the cab to the frame.
6. Sit in the operators seat and fasten the seat belt. Lower the armrest.
7. Start the engine and run the engine at LOW IDLE.
8. Slowly increase the engine speed to HIGH IDLE.
9. Push the pilot operated hydraulic control to the FORWARD position until the engine RPM
stabilizes.
Note: Do not continue to stall the hydrostatic system for more than 15 seconds. Damage to the
machine may result.
Note: The wheels or tracks should not move. If the wheels or tracks move, refer to the Testing and
Adjusting, "Brake Test".
10. Record the engine stall speed. Record the MB pressure value.
Table 11
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259B3 (S/N: YYZ1-2510) 2600 ± 200 RPM
34300 ± 2000 kPa (4975 ± 290 psi)
259B3 (S/N: YYZ2511-3699) 2300 ± 400 RPM
34300 ± 2000 kPa (4975 ± 290 psi)
259B3 (S/N: YYZ3700-UP) 2600 ± 200 RPM
38300 ± 2000 kPa (5555 ± 290 psi)
If the engine stall RPM is not correct, refer to the troubleshooting section.
If the MB pressure is not within the specification, the crossover relief valves may need adjusted. Refer
to the procedure below.
1. Remove the cap of the crossover relief valve that is not within the specification. Remove the
spring and the crossover relief valve.
Illustration 20 g01364164
2. Place crossover relief valve (5) into a vise.
3. Turn the set screw (6) counterclockwise in order to loosen the setscrew.
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Illustration 21 g01364165
4. Place retainer (7) of the crossover relief valve in a vise. Turn adjustment screw (8) in order to
adjust the relief pressure. Turn the adjustment screw clockwise in order to increase the pressure or
turn the adjustment screw counterclockwise in order to decrease the pressure. One full turn of the
adjustment screw is approximately 6400 kPa (928 psi).
Note: When you adjust the crossover relief valve to decrease the pressure, turn the adjustment
screw for an additional 1/4 turn past the estimated adjustment setting. Then, turn the adjustment
screw clockwise for 1/4 turn.
5. Tighten setscrew (6) to a torque of 6.5 N·m (58 lb in).
6. Install crossover relief valve (5) , the spring, and the cap. Tighten the cap to a torque of 250 ± 10
N·m (184 ± 7 lb ft).
Note: The 6V-3121 Multitach or the 9U-7400 Multitach Tool Group should still be installed on the
machine. If the unit is not installed, reinstall the unit.
1. Position the machine against an object that will prevent the machine from moving. The machine
can drive through the brakes.
2. Raise the cab. Refer to the Operations and Maintenance Manual, "Cab Tilting" for the correct
procedure.
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Illustration 22 g00790186
Typical example
(1) Electrical connection
(2) Brake solenoid
3. Disconnect the electrical connection (1) for the brake solenoid (2) .
4. Sit in the operators seat and fasten the seat belt. Lower the armrest.
5. Start the engine. Run the engine at LOW IDLE and verify that the oil temperature is within the
specification of 45° ± 5°C (113° ± 9°F). Refer to Testing and Adjusting, "Operational Checks" for
the proper test procedure.
6. Slowly increase the engine speed to HIGH IDLE.
Note: Do not stall the machine for more than 15 seconds. Damage to the machine could result.
7. Push the pilot operated hydraulic control in the FORWARD direction.
8. At the same time, push the pilot operated hydraulic control ( work tool) to the TILT BACK
position.
9. Record the engine RPM.
Table 12
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216B3 Skid Steer Loader JXM00001-UP (MACHINE) POWERED BY C2.2 Engine(S... Page 26 of 26
If the engine stall RPM is not correct, refer to the troubleshooting section.
Copyright 1993 - 2014 Caterpillar Inc. Thu Jun 26 17:22:11 UTC+0400 2014
All Rights Reserved.
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