QA – Numbers and Words

1) How many 4 digits numbers can you make using digits 1, 2, 3, 4, 5?

Answer: Since nothing has been mentioned we have to presume that repetition of digits is
allowed. Therefore we can't use nPr or nCr, as they can be used only for distinct objects.
The best way to approach is case by case method.
1st place of the 4 digit number can be occupied by any of the 5 digits
2nd place of the 4 digit number can be occupied by any of the 5 digits
And so on
Therefore
5  5  5  5  54  625 ways

2) How many 4 digits numbers can you make using digits 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 with no digit being
repeated?
Answer: Here it is clear that repetition of digits is not allowed. SO this question is in a way
similar to 5 persons, 4 chairs arranged in a straight line. Therefore,
5
P4  5! ways
OR case by case
5 x 4 x 3 x 2 x 1 = 5! = 120

3) How many 4 digits numbers can you make with digits as 0, 1, 2, 3, 4?

Answer: Nothing mentioned so we presume that repetition is allowed. So case by case method:
4  5  5  5  500 ways

4) How many 4 digits numbers can you make with digits as 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 with no digit being
repeated?
Answer: Here it is clear that repetition of digits is not allowed. SO this question is in a way
similar to 5 persons, 4 chairs arranged in a straight line. However 0 cannot come in the 1st
place.
There can be 2 cases:
a) With 0
b) Without 0
With 0: So arrange 0 in any of the remaining 3 places in 3 ways, no the remaining 4 digits can be
placed in the remaining 3 places in 4P = 24 ways
3
So total ways with 0 = 3 x 24= 72 ways
Without 0: 4 numbers in 4 places = 4!= 24
So total ways = 72 +24= 96

OR case by case method

4  4  3  2  96 ways

5) With the 5 digits 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 how many numbers 5 digit can be formed that has 5 in the
1st place?

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QA – Numbers and Words

a) With repetition
b) Without repetition

Answer:
1 5  5  5  125 ways
a)
b) 1 4  3  2  24 ways

6) With the 5 digits 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 how many numbers 5 digit can be formed that has 5 in last
place?
a) With repetition
b) Without repetition

Answer:
a) 4  5  5 1  100 ways
b) 3  3  2 1  18 ways

7) With the 5 digits 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 how many numbers 5 digit can be formed that has 5 in 1st
or last place without repetition?

Answer: 24 + 18 = 42 ways

8) With the digits 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 how many 4 digits numbers can be formed that are
divisible by 4?
Answer: For a number to be divisible by 4, the number formed by the last two digits should be
divisible by 4.
(00, 04, 12, 20, 24, 32, 40, 44): 8 cases
The remaining 2 places can be filled in:
6 x 7 = 42 ways
So total numbers = 8 x 42 = 336

9) With the digits 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 how many 4 digits numbers can be formed that are divisible
by 4, with no repetition allowed?
Let take two conditions.
a) Last 2 digits have a zero
b) Last 2 digits don’t have a zero

Last 2 digits have a zero:

Cases: 04, 20, 40
We have used up 2 digits out of 5 available, one of them being 0. SO there is no cpnstraint as to
the 1st 2 places.

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QA – Numbers and Words

Now the 1st place can be filled in 3 ways and 2nd place can be filled in 2 ways.
For example if the last 2 digits are 04
Then out of the digits, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4
0 and 4 have been used and 1, 2, and 3 remain available
So total numbers = 3 x 3 x 2= 18

Last 2 digits do not have a zero

Cases: 12, 24, 32
We have used up 2 digits out of 5 available, however 0 is still there. SO the 1st two places are to
be filled with 3 available numbers, one of them being 0. This can be done in 2 x 2= 4 ways
So total numbers = 3 x 2 x 2= 12
So all numbers divisible by 4= 18 + 12= 30

10) Find the sum of the 4 digits numbers that can be formed using digits 1, 2, 3, 4 only once.
(without repetition)
Answer: In a 4 digits number a b c d , each position has its own value. Here a is in the 1000 th
position, b is in the 100th position, c is in the 10th position and d is in the unit position. The
number abcd can also be written as: a x 1000 + b x100 + c x 10 + d x 1.
So abcd + adcb = (1000a + 100b + 10c +d) + (1000a + 100d + 10c + b) = 2000a + 101d + 101b +
20c
So the sum of numbers can be written as the sum of digits multiplied with their respective
positions. So when we are trying to find the sum of all such numbers only other thing that we
need to keep in mind is that a particular difgit will occur in a particular position how many
times.

So in the above questions take all numbers where 2 is in the unit position. We can have 3!=6
such numbers. Similarly there will be 6 numbers with 2 in the 10 th position or 100th position of
1000th position.
The value of 2 in these respective positions will be 2000, 200, 20 and 2
So the sum of all 2s in all such numbers will be (2000+200+20+2) x 6 = 2222 x 6 = 2 x1111 x 6
Same will hold true for 1, 3 and 4
So sum of all such numbers will be (1+2+3+4) x 1111 x 6 = 10 x1111 x6= 66660

11) Find the sum of all the 5 digits numbers with the numbers 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 (with
repetition)
Answer:
Without repetition:
(1+2+3+4+5) x 11111 x 4! = 15 x 11111 x 24
In ‘With Repetition’ only the value of 4!=24 will change as to how many numbers can be formed
with a particular digit is a particular position.
If 2 is in the unit position, we can form 54 =625 numbers
So 24 will be replaced by 625 and the answer will be: 15 x 11111 x 625

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QA – Numbers and Words

12) Find the sum of all 4 digits numbers without repetition using 0, 1, 2, 3, 4.
No. of numbers that can be formed with 2 in first place.
1 4  3  2  24
For 2nd , 3rd and 4th place
3 x 1 x 3 x 2 = 18
3 x 3 x 1 x 2 = 18
3 x 3 x 2 x 1 = 18
Sum of all 2s = 2 x 1000 x 24 + 2 x 100 x 18 + 2 x10 x 18 + 2 x 1 x 18 = 2 x 1000 x 24 + 2 x 111 x 18
Same would hold true for all digits
So sum of all numbers = ( 1+2 +3 + 4) x 1000 x 24 + ( 1+2 +3 + 4) x 111 x 18 = 240000 + 19980 =
259980

Arrangement of identical objects:

In how many ways can the letters (a, a, a) be arranged: 1 way (aaa)
In how many ways can the letters (a, a, a, b) be arranged: Now b can take any position in front
of the 1st a or between the As or the last place. So there are 4 possibilities for b. So 4 ways.
In how many ways can the letters (a, a, b, c) be arranged: Possible arrangement are –
aabc
aacb
bcaa
cbaa
abca
acba
abac
acab
baca
caba
baac
caab

So 12 cases can be there.

Usually if there are 4 distinct letters the number of arrangements will be 4!=24
If you see here the 2 As are identical, so their internal arrangement is not taken into
consideration. For example if the 2 As can be numbered as a1 and a2, the number of cases will
be:
a1a2bc
a2a1bc
a1a2cb
a2a1cb
bca1a2
bca2a1
cba1a2

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QA – Numbers and Words

cba2a1
a1bca2
a2bca1
a1cba2
a2cba1
a1ba2c
a2ba1c
a1ca2b
a2ca1b
ba1ca2
ba2ca1
ca1ba2
ca2ba1
ba1a2c
ba2a1c
ca1a2b
ca2a1b

So we get 24 cases now.

So if there are n objects the number of arrangements should be n!. however if m of them are
identical, then m! arrangements will be taken out which is represented as
Extension of this is that :
If out of n objects, p are identical, q are another identical set and r are another identical set of
elements, then the number of arrangements will be :
This is only used if all the letters are being arranged. If all the letters are not being arranged,
then there is no formulae. We will have to do it manually.

1) In how many ways can you arrange the letters of the word "ARRANGEMENT"
Answer: Letters are:
A,A,R,R,N,N,E,E, G,M,T
So there are 11 letters of which there are 3 pairs of 2 identical letters. So the number of
arrangements will be:
11!

2!2!2!2!

2) In how many ways can the letters of the word ABRACADABRA be arranged.
Answer: Letters are:
A,A,A,A,A,R,R,B,B,C,D
So there are 11 letters of which there is 1 set of 5 identical items and 2 pairs of 2 identical
letters. So the number of arrangements will be:
11!

5!2!2!

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QA – Numbers and Words

3) How many 3 letter words can be formed from the letters of the word REARED?
Answer: Letters are R, R, E, E, A and D
We will have to select 3 letters and find their respective number of arrangements:
a) R, R, E = 3!/2!= 3
b) R, R, A= 3!/2!= 3
c) R, R, D= 3!/2!= 3
d) E, E, R = 3!/2!= 3
e) E, E, A= 3!/2!= 3
f) E, E, D= 3!/2!= 3
g) All letters distinct, so there are 4 letters R, E, A and D, so the number of words will be 4P3
= 4!= 24
Total words = 42

4) If all possible words that can be formed from the letters of the word RAMP (without
repetition) are arranged in an alphabetical order, then what will be the rank of the word
RAMP?
Answer:
All words starting with A will come first, then all words starting with M and so on
Number of words starting with A : 3!=6
Number of words starting with M : 3!=6
Number of words starting with P : 3!=6
Then we will have words starting with R
All words starting RA will come first
RAMP is the next alphabetical order.
SO rank of RAMP will be 19th

5) If all possible words that can be formed from the letters of the word COMPUTER
(without repetition) are arranged in an alphabetical order, then what will be the rank of
the word TROCEUMP?
Answer: All words starting with letters C, E, M, O, P, R will come before TROCUMP
Number of words starting with any of these letters will be : 7!
Now we will go on to the words starting with letter T
Initially we will have all words starting with
TC: 6!
TE: 6!
TM: 6!
TO: 6!
TP:6!
Then TR will come
TRC= 5!
TRE:5!
TRM: 5!

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QA – Numbers and Words

Then TRO will come

TROCE is already there
TROCEM: 2!
TROCEP: 2!
TROCEUMP will be the next word
So rank of TROCEUMP is 7! X 6 + 6! X 5 + 5! X 3 + 2! X 2 + 1

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