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Noise: General Concepts

This document discusses the concept of noise in electrical engineering systems. It begins by outlining the topics that will be covered, including the nature of noise, characterization of noise, propagation and shaping of noise, and correlated and uncorrelated noise sources. It then provides examples of where noise is present, such as in RF receivers, ADCs, oscillators, and power management circuits. It explains that while other imperfections can be calibrated out of a system, noise cannot be calibrated out and directly impacts power consumption.

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33 views

Noise: General Concepts

This document discusses the concept of noise in electrical engineering systems. It begins by outlining the topics that will be covered, including the nature of noise, characterization of noise, propagation and shaping of noise, and correlated and uncorrelated noise sources. It then provides examples of where noise is present, such as in RF receivers, ADCs, oscillators, and power management circuits. It explains that while other imperfections can be calibrated out of a system, noise cannot be calibrated out and directly impacts power consumption.

Uploaded by

Luật Trần
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Noise

Lecture 1
General Concepts

Behzad Razavi
Electrical Engineering Department
University of California, Los Angeles
Outline

• Introduction
• Nature of Noise
• Characterization of Noise
• Propagation and Shaping of Noise
• Correlated and Uncorrelated Noise
Sources

2
Noise: The Last Barrier

• We can calibrate mismatches and


offsets.
• We can calibrate nonlinearities.
• But, we can’t calibrate noise.
• Noise directly trades with power
consumption.

3
Noise is everywhere …

RF Receivers Pipelined ADCs SAR ADCs

Oscillators
Charge Pumps Power Management

4
What is noise?

• Deterministic Signal

• Random Signal

5
User-Friendly Aspects of Noise: Average Power

• Periodic Signal

• Random Signal

• Normalized Power

6
User-Friendly Aspects of Noise: Spectrum
• Periodic Signal
Fourier
Transform

• Random Signal

Fourier
Transform

• Spectrum:
Power carried by signal at each frequency

7
Examples of Spectra
• Voice

• White Light

8
Construction of Spectrum

Overall Spectrum • Example: White Noise

9
Propagation and Shaping of Noise

• Example: Telephone System

10
Correlated and Uncorrelated Noise Sources
Analogy: New Year’s Party
Uncorrelated Correlated

11
Final Result

• Superposition holds for power of


uncorrelated sources.

12

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