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Device Noise Models

Thermal noise in resistors follows a spectrum that increases with temperature. Simple circuit examples show how to calculate total noise from resistors at different temperatures. Noise in MOSFETs includes channel thermal noise, flicker noise that increases at lower frequencies, and gate resistance noise that can be minimized by design. Flicker noise becomes most problematic when it is upconverted into the signal bandwidth.

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65 views

Device Noise Models

Thermal noise in resistors follows a spectrum that increases with temperature. Simple circuit examples show how to calculate total noise from resistors at different temperatures. Noise in MOSFETs includes channel thermal noise, flicker noise that increases at lower frequencies, and gate resistance noise that can be minimized by design. Flicker noise becomes most problematic when it is upconverted into the signal bandwidth.

Uploaded by

Luật Trần
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Noise

Lecture 2
Device N oise M odels

Behzad Razavi
Electrical Engineering Department
University of California, Los Angeles
Outline

• Thermal Noise in Resistors


• Examples of Circuit Noise
Calculations
• Noise in MOSFETS

2
A Few Refreshers

• Concept of Spectrum (aka Power Spectral


Density)

• The area under the spectrum represents the


total power that the signal carries.
• Noise Transfer Function:

3
Thermal Noise in Resistors

Unit: V2/Hz

• These are equivalent:

• Example: R = 50 Ω, T = 300 K 
• May even write:

• Alternative model:

4
Simple Example

• What happens if R1 and R2 are at different


temperatures?
5
Another Example

• How much is the total output noise?


6
Noise in MOSFETs

• Channel Thermal Noise


• Flicker Noise
• Gate Resistance Noise

7
Channel Thermal Noise

• Should we minimize or
maximize gm?

Constant Amplifying
Current Source Device

8
Flicker (1/f) Noise

• Example: find the total noise


power from f1 to f2.

• What happens if f1 approaches zero?


f1 = 0.001 Hz

~ 17 Minutes 9
Flicker Noise vs. Thermal Noise

(log scale)

(log scale)
• Flicker noise becomes problematic if it
covers a significant part of the signal
bandwidth
• Or: if it is upconverted to the signal band. 10
NMOS vs. PMOS

W/L = 5 um / 40 nm, ID = 0.25 mA

11
Gate Resistance Noise
W/n

Lumped Model:
W

• In a good design, gate resistance noise is negligible:

• Methods of reducing gate resistance:

12

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