Scribd
Upload
45 views

Power System Protection: Lab Session 6

This document describes modeling an over-frequency relay in Matlab Simulink. It involves implementing a frequency relay to protect a radial power system in over-frequency conditions. Key steps include drawing the power system with a programmable voltage source, circuit breaker, and RLC load. An integrator is used to determine frequency from the waveform area. A gain block increases frequency differences. Counters and comparators detect over-frequency, triggering a pulse generator to operate the circuit breaker after 0.1 seconds. The system is simulated at normal and over-frequency conditions.

Uploaded by

Hayat Ansari
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
45 views

Power System Protection: Lab Session 6

This document describes modeling an over-frequency relay in Matlab Simulink. It involves implementing a frequency relay to protect a radial power system in over-frequency conditions. Key steps include drawing the power system with a programmable voltage source, circuit breaker, and RLC load. An integrator is used to determine frequency from the waveform area. A gain block increases frequency differences. Counters and comparators detect over-frequency, triggering a pulse generator to operate the circuit breaker after 0.1 seconds. The system is simulated at normal and over-frequency conditions.

Uploaded by

Hayat Ansari
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 4

Power System Protection

Lab Session 6

Modeling of Over-Frequency Frequency Relay


Objectives:
At the end of this lab session students will be able to
• Understand the working of frequency relay.
• Model frequency relay in Matlab Simulink.

6.0 Introduction
Frequency variations in the system occur due to the variation in the prime mover speed.
In a large inter-connected stable system frequency variations are rare. Because a generator unit
connected to a large stable system cannot operate at higher or lower frequency than the system
frequency. But a smaller system or a generator working alone is prone to frequency variations
due to the variations in load.

This abnormal condition is not very dangerous for the system. So frequency relay sense
the abnormal condition and activate alarm and if this condition persist for a long time then relay
operates the circuit breaker.

6.1 Over-Frequency
This condition is due to the increase in speed of prime mover. On the generation site this
is protected by the over-speed device. An over-frequency relay can be used as backup to
mechanical devices. Again, if the unit is connected to a stable system, the generator cannot
operate above the system frequency. However, if the system is dynamically unstable over-
frequency relays can alert the operator. In general, the governing devices will protect the unit
from over-speed. But for reliable system all system conditions must be addressed.

6.2 Frequency Relay


The frequency relay activates alarm or isolates the generator in the case when frequency
deviates from the allowable limits. As mentioned earlier the over and under frequencies are
produced in a power system due to sudden change in load or generation. Over frequency can
occur due to isolation of a large load by tripping of a transmission line. Under frequency can
occur due to loss of one or more generating sources in a heavily loaded power system.

6.3 Laboratory Task


Implement a frequency relay that protects the system in over-frequency conditions.

6.4 Procedure
Step 1:

Draw a power system having a three phase programmable source, three phase circuit
breaker, three-phase VI measurement unit and three phase RLC series load. Connect the blocks
as shown below.

Radial Power System

Set the properties of each block as mentioned below. Keep all other parameters as it is.
System Frequency: 50 Hz
Total Simulation Time: 0.5 s
Solver: Ode23tb (stiff/TR-BDF2)
Solver reset Method: Robust

Three phase programmable voltage source:


Voltage (Phase to Phase): 11e3 V
Frequency: 50
Time variation of: Frequency
Type of variation: Step
Step magnitude: 0
Variation timings: [0.15 0.4]

Three-Phase Breakers:
Initial status of breakers: closed

Three-Phase Series RLC Load:


Configuration: Y grounded
Nominal voltage: 11e3 V
Active Power (MW): 150e6 W
Inductive reactive power: 100 VAR
Capacitive reactive Power: 0 VAR

Step 2:

In subsystem “Frequency Relay”, connect the blocks as shown in the diagram.

Set the parameters of all the blocks given in above diagram as specified below.

Integrator:
Initial condition: 0
This block is used to find the area under the curve. The area under the sinusoidal wave
depends upon the frequency. Because with the increase in frequency wave shrinks on time axis
and its area decreases and vice versa. It means the frequency of system can be judged from the
area under the curve. Observe the output of integrator on ‘scope’ along with the sinusoidal
waveform.

Gain:
This block is used to increase the difference between the areas at two different
frequencies. To set the value of gain, follow the instructions given below.

For all the students, from Reg. No. 1 to 5 gain is 50 times of their roll number, from Reg.
No. 6 to 25 gain is 10 times of their roll number, from Reg. No. 26 to 50 gain is 5 times of their
roll number and for the rest of the students gain is equal to their roll number.

Gain = 100
Sample time: 50e-6

MinMax Running Resettable:


Function: max

Compare To Constant (Upper Limit & Lower Limit):


Run the system at lower and upper limits of frequency by setting the frequency of
‘Programmable source’ to 49 Hz and 51 Hz respectively, and observe the output of gain on
‘Display’. Set the values of these blocks according to the observation and note down the
observations. Output of ‘Gain’ at
50 Hz: 5711 49 Hz: 5827 51 Hz: 5599
Counter (s):
Counter1:
Count Direction: Up
Count Event: Free running
Count Size: User defined
Max. Count: 1e6
Initial Count: 0
Output: Count
Reset input: Check this option
Sample Time: 50e-6

Counter2:
Count Direction: Up
Count Event: Rising edge
Count Size: User defined
Max. Count: 1e6
Initial Count: 0
Output: Count
Reset input: Check this option
Pulse Generator:
Pulse type: Time based
Time: Use simulation time
Amplitude: 1
Period: 0.1
Pulse width (%): 1
Time delay (sec) 0.099
Set the proper initial condition of ‘S-R Flip-Flop’
Step 3:Simulate the system in following conditions by setting the parameters of ‘Three-Phase
Programmable Voltage Source’.

Frequency (in all conditions): 50 Hz


Normal Condition:
Step magnitude: 0
Over Frequency:
Step magnitude: 1.5

Obtained Marks /Sign: ___________________

You might also like