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Flipped: Born-Haber Cycles: Chemsheets Definitions Task

1. The document discusses lattice enthalpies and Born-Haber cycles for ionic compounds. Lattice enthalpies can be used to measure bond strength and are obtained indirectly using energy cycles. 2. Tables are provided listing the lattice enthalpies in kJ/mol for various ionic compounds including NaF, NaCl, NaBr, NaI, MgCl2, and MgO. 3. The document contains questions about ionic bonding, structures, diagrams, conditions for conductivity, trends in ionic radii and lattice enthalpies, definitions of standard enthalpies of atomization and formation, and differences between lattice enthalpy and standard enthalpy of formation.

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Shahnaz Ahmed
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110 views3 pages

Flipped: Born-Haber Cycles: Chemsheets Definitions Task

1. The document discusses lattice enthalpies and Born-Haber cycles for ionic compounds. Lattice enthalpies can be used to measure bond strength and are obtained indirectly using energy cycles. 2. Tables are provided listing the lattice enthalpies in kJ/mol for various ionic compounds including NaF, NaCl, NaBr, NaI, MgCl2, and MgO. 3. The document contains questions about ionic bonding, structures, diagrams, conditions for conductivity, trends in ionic radii and lattice enthalpies, definitions of standard enthalpies of atomization and formation, and differences between lattice enthalpy and standard enthalpy of formation.

Uploaded by

Shahnaz Ahmed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chemsheets Definitions Task ----- Ume Aiman

Flipped: Born-Haber Cycles


Bond Energies for molecular substances can be compared with lattice enthalpies
for ionic compounds. As you might expect, lattice enthalpies are very helpful in
discussing the structure, bonding and properties of ionic compounds. Lattice
enthalpies can be used as a measure of bond strength.
Unfortunately, lattice enthalpies cannot be determined directly, but values
can be obtained indirectly by means of an energy cycle.
Compoun Lattice Enthalpy (kJ
d mol )
-1

NaF -915
NaCl -776
NaBr -742
NaI -699
MgCl 2 -2489
MgO -3933

1. Explain what is meant by the term “ionic bonding”.


The electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions
formed by gaining or losing of electron.
2. What structure do all ionic compounds have?
All ionic compounds all giant lattice structure.
3. Draw a dot-cross diagram, showing valence electrons only, for Sodium
Chloride.

4. Draw a dot-cross diagram, showing valence electrons only, for Magnesium


Chloride.

5. State the conditions under which ionic compounds conduct electricity.


Ionic compounds conduct electricity in liquid and aqueous state as ions
would be free to flow and would move towards the positive terminal
when a potential difference is applied.
6. What happens to the ionic radii as you descend Group 7?
The ionic radius increases as the number of occupied quantum shells
increases.
7. What happens to atomic radii as you descend Group 7?
the atomic radius increase down the group as the number of occupied
quantum shells increases down the group.
8. Explain your answer to Q7 in terms of atomic structure and shielding.
The number of occupied quantum shells increases which would
increase the shielding effect by the inner electrons. The distance
between the nucleus and outer electrons increases therefore the
attraction between the nucleus and outer electron decreases so the
atomic radius would increase.
9. Why does the lattice enthalpy become more exothermic along the series NaI,
NaBr, NaCl, NaF?
From iodide to fluoride the ionic radius decreases so the strength of
ionic bond increases so more energy would be released when the bond
form.
10.The interionic distance between Na and F ions in NaF is very similar to that
+ -

between Mg and O ions in MgO. Why, then, is the lattice enthalpy of MgO
2+ 2-

more exothermic than NaF?


Mg and O have double the charge +2 and -2 respectively which is
larger than NaF and Mg have smaller ionic radius therefore it would
have charge density so MgO forms stronger ionic bond that NaF so
more energy is realeased when the bond forms.
11.State the definition for the “Standard Enthalpy of Atomisation”
The enthalpy change when one mole of gaseous atom is formed from
its element in its standard form under standard conditions-298K and
100kPa.
12.Write the Standard Enthalpy Change of Atomisation for Sodium.

13.Write the Standard Enthalpy Change of Atomisation for Chlorine.

14.Write the Standard Enthalpy Change of Atomisation for Carbon

15.Why is the following equation:- H (g) → 2H(g); wrong for the standard
2

enthalpy of atomisation? 
One mole of hydrogen should be formed for standard enthalpy of
atomization.
16.Correct the equation in Question 15.

17.The standard enthalpy for Sodium is actually a less endothermic value than it
is for Hydrogen, using your answers to Q7 and Q11, suggest a reason why.
hydrogen have smaller atomic radius so more attraction between the
nucleus and outer shell electrons so more energy would be required to
break H--H bond to form one mole of hydrogen gas whereas Sodium is
monoatomic so less energy would be required to form one mole of
sodium.
18.Sodium forms positive ions. What is the name given to the enthalpy change
when electrons are removed from an atom?
Standard enthalpy change of first ionisation
19.Chlorine forms negative ions. What is the name given to the enthalpy change
when electrons are added to an atom?
First electron affinity
20.The Standard Lattice Enthalpy of Formation and the Standard Enthalpy
Change of Formation for Sodium Chloride are given below.
∆ H[NaCl(s)] = Na (g) + Cl (g) → NaCl(s) | ∆ H = Na(s) + ½Cl (g) → NaCl(s)
latt
+ -
f 2

Explain the difference between the Lattice Enthalpy of Formation and the Standard
Enthalpy Change of Formation for Sodium Chloride. 
The standard lattice enthalpy is the enthalpy change when one mole
of ionic solid-sodium chloride is formed from the corresponding gaseous ions
whereas the enthalpy change of formation is the enthalpy change when one
mole of sodium chloride is formed from its elements in its standard states.
21.Draw an enthalpy level diagram for the formation of NaCl(s). ∆ H = -411 kJ
f

mol-1.

21.Why are ionisation energies always endothermic processes?


Energy would be required to overcome the forces of attraction between the
electrons and the nucleus.

21.Why is the first electron affinity exothermic, but the second electron affinity
endothermic for chlorine?
When the first electron is added there would be the forces of attraction
between the nucleus and the electron being added so energy would be
released during the addition of electron however when the second electron is
being added there would be repulsion between the first electron added and
the electron being added therefore energy have to be supplied to overcome
the forces of repulsion between the electrons.

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