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Evolution of Fish

1. The document describes the evolution of various types of fish throughout history. It began with ostracoderms, the earliest jawless fishes from the Cambrian period, and progressed to the first jawed fish called acanthodians in the Silurian period. 2. Placoderms with a fused upper jaw emerged in the Devonian period. Around this time, cartilaginous sharks and rays evolved from placoderms. Bony fish also emerged, possibly from acanthodians. Ray-finned fish became the most dominant group. 3. Sarcopterygian fish were ancestors to land vertebrates. Some crossopterygian fish crawled out of water during

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Jered Morato
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305 views2 pages

Evolution of Fish

1. The document describes the evolution of various types of fish throughout history. It began with ostracoderms, the earliest jawless fishes from the Cambrian period, and progressed to the first jawed fish called acanthodians in the Silurian period. 2. Placoderms with a fused upper jaw emerged in the Devonian period. Around this time, cartilaginous sharks and rays evolved from placoderms. Bony fish also emerged, possibly from acanthodians. Ray-finned fish became the most dominant group. 3. Sarcopterygian fish were ancestors to land vertebrates. Some crossopterygian fish crawled out of water during

Uploaded by

Jered Morato
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Evolution of Fish

Ostracoderms: The first fishes, and indeed the first vertebrates, were the ostracoderms, jawless fishes
found mainly in fresh water. They were covered with a bony armor or scales and were often less than 30
cm (1 ft) long. The ostracoderms are placed in the class Agnatha along with the living jawless fishes, the
lampreys and hagfishes, which are believed to be descended from the ostracoderms. Cambrian to
Devonian

Acanthodians: The first fishes with jaws, the acanthodians, or spiny sharks, were generally small shark-
like fishes varying from toothless filter-feeders to toothed predators. It is commonly believed that the
acanthodians and the modern bony fishes are related and that either the acanthodians gave rise to the
modern bony fishes or that both groups share a common ancestor. Silurian to Permian

Placoderms:. Placoderms were typically small, flattened bottom-dwellers. The upper jaw was firmly
fused to the skull, but there was a hinge joint between the skull and the bony plating of the trunk region.
Devonian

Chondrichthyes: The cartilaginous-skeleton sharks and rays, class Chondrichthyes, are generally
believed to be descended from the bony-skeleton placoderms. The cartilaginous skeletons are
considered to be a later development. Devonian to Recent

Osteichthyes: The early forms of the modern bony fishes, class Osteichthyes were freshwater fishes
until the Triassic. The Osteichthyes may have arisen from the acanthodians. A subclass of the
Osteichthyes, the ray-finned fishes (subclass Actinopterygii), became and have remained the dominant
group of fishes throughout the world. Devonian to Recent Sarcopterygians: The ancestors of the land
vertebrates are found among another group of bony fishes called the Choanichthyes or Sarcopterygii.
Choanate fishes are characterized by internal nostrils, fleshy fins called lobe fins, and cosmoid scales.
The choanate fishes possibly arose from the acanthodians. The choanate fishes include a group known
as the Crossopterygii, which has one living representative, the coelacanth Latimeria. During the
Devonian Period some crossopterygian fishes of the order (or suborder) Rhipidistia crawled out of the
water to become the first amphibians. Devonian to Recent
Design, fabrication and operation of fishing gears used along the coastal areas of Isabela, Philippines

2.4 Fishing gear The local name (Paranan and Iloko) of each identified fishing gear were documented.
Fisherfolks were interviewed on the utilization and catch composition of the fishing gears. 2.5 Sketch
and design Sketch of each identified fishing gear was prepared based from the actual gear and
description made by the fisherfolks interviewed.

2.6 Methods of fabrication Each fisherfolk was interviewed on the method of fabrication of each
identified fishing gear. The materials used, mode of fabrication and cost estimate per fishing gear were
also asked during the interview.

2.7 Method of operation The researcher asked each fisherfolk to describe the method of operation of
each fishing gear. The fisherfolk was also asked to demonstrate the proper use of some fishing gears.

2.8 Catch composition The catch composition per identified fishing gear was determined by
interviewing each fisherfolk on the fish species caught per fishing gear. The local names (Paranan and
Iloko) of the fishes caught by fishing gears were also documented.

3. Results 3.1 Fishing gear Classification The result showed that there are thirty-three (33) different
municipal fishing gears being used by fisher folks along the coastal municipalities of Isabela. It consists of
twenty-four (24) active and eleven (12) passive fishing gears. There are two(2) barriers and traps, five(5)
hand instruments, eight (8) nets and eighteen (18) lines fishing gear is presented in Table 1. Fishing
gears belong to the category of “lines” are the most predominant category of fishing gears used along
the coastal municipalities of Isabela, Philippines. Fishing gears used this category includes hook and
lines, Multiple handlines, multiple hook and line, set bottom longlines, troll lines, squid jigger, jigger,
octopus fishing lure and alpaca. Fishing gears belonging to the category of “nets” followed after lines,
generally under this category includes gill net, cast net, seine net, beach seine and set bottom large
mesh net. Hand instrument category of fishing gears makes third and under this category are spear gun,
harpoon, hand spear, scoop net and push net. On the other hand, only few fisherfolk from the four
coastal municipalities used fishing gears under the category “barriers and traps” which include crab lift
net and fish pot

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