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Tools Methods in Counseling

This document provides information about counseling clientele, audiences, settings, processes, methods, and tools. It discusses the differences between AB and BS Psychology programs and various career paths including psychologist, psychiatrist, guidance counselor, and human resources. Key theories discussed include psychoanalysis, behaviorism, classical conditioning, and humanistic psychology. Counselors work in different settings and use appropriate methods based on psychological theories to help clientele.

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RA Sunga
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153 views

Tools Methods in Counseling

This document provides information about counseling clientele, audiences, settings, processes, methods, and tools. It discusses the differences between AB and BS Psychology programs and various career paths including psychologist, psychiatrist, guidance counselor, and human resources. Key theories discussed include psychoanalysis, behaviorism, classical conditioning, and humanistic psychology. Counselors work in different settings and use appropriate methods based on psychological theories to help clientele.

Uploaded by

RA Sunga
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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APPLY YOUR LEARNING (Group activity)

What new learning did you gain from this lesson about the clientele and audiences of counselling?

Individuals and groups of people who receive service from various counseling professions constitute the
clientele and audience of counseling. These individuals and groups vary in their needs that become a basis of
what counseling service to be served to them.

What is the difference between BS and AB Psychology?


AB Psychology is a course more on theoretical and humanities field. HUMSS.
BS Psychology is a course focuses on sciences and math. More on chemistry, biology,
physics. More leading to the medical field. Better you have taken Stem.
How many years is the course?
3 years + 1term= bs psychology
3 years= ab psychology
Is Psychology hard?
Yes, because you need to memorize a lot of things, theories and terms.
Is it a Pre-Med Course?
Pre- Med BS Psychology
What are the career opportunities?
Psychometrician- is a branch of psychology that deals with the design, administration
and interpretation of qualitative tests for the measurement of psychological variables.
(Intelligence, aptitude, interests and personality traits) in a corporate setting or clinical
setting. Both AB and BS could work as psychometrician.
Psychologist- A psychologist is someone who studies mental processes and human
behaviour by observing, interpreting, and recording how people relate to one another
and the environment. Some psychologists work independently, doing research or
working only with patients or clients.
Psychiatrist- Medical doctors. You need to have an MD. (Doctor of Medicine)
What is the difference between Psychiatrist and Psychologist?
Psychologist- they focuses on behavioural therapy (seeks to identify and help change
potentially self-destructive or unhealthy behaviors they treat mental disorders-
anxiety disorders, depression, eating disorders, post traumatic stress disorders)
Psychiatrist- they prescribe medications. After their undergraduate course, they pursue
studies in a medical school. After their medical school, they must attend a residency
program (is a stage in which you practices medicine under the supervision of a senior
clinician). They take up Physician Licensure Exam.
A psychologist, on the other hand, is someone who has earned either a PhD or PsyD
degree depending on if their specialty is likely to be research or clinical practice,
respectively. “A psychologist is trained on how to deliver evidence-based psychotherapy
and to conduct psychological assessments,” Newman says. This training typical spans
ten years and is focused solely on identifying and treating mental health disorders using
non-medical means (i.e., talk therapy, not drugs).
Psychologist- they can administer psychological testing (Rorschach or ink-blot testing)
while psychiatrist cant.You need to have a Master’s Degree in Psychology to have a
license.
Area of Specialization- Areas you can take for your Masters and Doctorate
degree:

 Clinical Psychology- A PhD in Psychology, or a Doctor of Philosophy in Psychology, which is a


research-focused doctorate appropriate for professors of psychology, researchers, as well as practitioners
 A PsyD, or Doctor of Psychology, which is a practice-focused doctorate specifically aimed at practitioners
and clinicians
Social Psychology-how people's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by the actual,
imagined or implied presence of others. PHD, PsyD.

Cognitive Psychology- is the scientific study of mental processes such as "attention, language
use, memory, perception, problem solving, creativity, and thinking

Experimental Psychology-the branch of psychology concerned with the scientific investigation


of basic psychological processes such as learning, memory, and cognition in humans and
animals.

Developmental Psychology-s the scientific study of how and why human beings change over the
course of their life. 

Health Psychology-he study of psychological and behavioral processes in health, illness, and
healthcare. It is concerned with understanding how psychological, behavioral, and cultural factors
contribute to physical health and illness. 

Biopsychology-Biopsychology is a branch of psychology that analyzes how the brain,


neurotransmitters, and other aspects of our biology influence our behaviors, thoughts, and
feelings. ..

Psychological statistics-
Guidance Counselor-You need to have a Master’s Degree in Guidance and Counseling
to apply for a board exam.Providing guidance to students who seeks career options and
decision making.
Human Resource- training and recruitment
Now that we fully understood who were the clientele and audience of counseling, let’s
move on to our topic for today. The settings, processes,methods and tools in
counseling. Counsellors work in various settings, there are counsellors who work at the
government, private sectors, civil society groups/ organization and schools. Counselors
conform to the processes and they are trained to use appropriate methods and tools for
the particular setting. The tools and methods they usually use are based on the theories
of psychology.
I know, during your DISS, you’ve discussed in the branch of psychology the different
schools of thought that represents the theories in psychology that were commonly used
in counseling.
ACTIVITY!
Psychoanalysis-Sigmund Freud -1896
 Psychoanalysis is defined as a set of psychological theories and therapeutic techniques that have
their origin in the work and theories of Sigmund Freud. The core idea at the center of
psychoanalysis is the belief that all people possess unconscious thoughts, feelings, desires, and
memories.By bringing the content of the unconscious into conscious awareness, people
are then able to experience catharsis and gain insight into their current state of mind.
Through this process, people are then able to find relief from psychological disturbances
and distress.

Basic Tenets of Psychoanalysis


 The way that people behave is influenced by their unconscious drives
 The development of personality is heavily influenced by the events of early childhood;
Freud suggested that personality was largely set in stone by the age of five.
 Bringing information from the unconscious into consciousness can lead to catharsis and
allow people to deal with the issue
 People utilize a number of defense mechanisms to protect themselves from information
contained in the unconscious
 Emotional and psychological problems such as depression and anxiety are often rooted in
conflicts between the conscious and unconscious mind
 A skilled analyst can help bring certain aspects of the unconscious into awareness by
using a variety of psychoanalytic strategies such as dream analysis and free association

-Basis of psychotherapy
-human personality is divided into two: conscious and unconscious

 The conscious mind contains all of the thoughts, memories, feelings, and wishes of
which we are aware at any given moment. This is the aspect of our mental processing that
we can think and talk about rationally. This also includes our memory, which is not
always part of consciousness but can be retrieved easily and brought into awareness.
 The unconscious mind is a reservoir of feelings, thoughts, urges, and memories that are
outside of our conscious awareness. The unconscious contains contents that are
unacceptable or unpleasant, such as feelings of pain, anxiety, or conflict. The unconscious
can include repressed feelings, hidden memories, habits, thoughts, desires, and reactions.

Our unconscious mind has a great effect on our behaviour or personality rather than
our conscious mind.
Id- just doing what you want (100% unconscious). You are not thinking how that thing
will affect you or how that thing will affect other people.
Superego-this is the part of your mind that tells you what is right (conscience) and
wrong based on what our parents or our culture thought us.
Ego- The part of our mind that gives you the decision how will you behave based on the
information given by the id and superego.
Free association- helping clients to learn more about what they are thinking or feeling.
The goal of free association is not to uncover hidden secrets but to identify genuine
thoughts and feelings about situations that may be problematic.
Behaviorism is a theory of cognition that focuses on behavior instead of thoughts, feelings, or
motivations.

Classical conditioning

Unconditioned stimulus- anything that naturally and automatically triggers a response from humans,
animals or organisms. (example is food)

Conditioned stimulus- things associated with the unconditioned stimulus (bell)

Unconditioned response- your natural response to the unconditioned stimulus (salivation)

Neutral Stimulus- things that produce no specific response other than focusing attention. 

Conditioned response- is a behavior that does not come naturally, but must be learned by the
individual by pairing a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus.

Operant conditioning

There are things that which influences the way in which we behave

Positive reinforcement- it occurs when a positive behaviour keeps on recurring


because of positive consequences

Negative reinforcement- it occurs when a positive behaviour keeps on


recurring to avoid the negative consequences (positive
Punishment is the act of causing an unpleasant consequence to a response
to prevent the person from repeating that behaviour. 

Punishment- a negative behaviour won’t reoccur because a negative


consequence is present.
Extinction- eliminating the reinforcers that maintains the behaviour
Humanistic Psychology- provides them with an opportunity to explore creativity, personal
growth and self-development, as well as acknowledging a variety of choices. The foundations of
the humanistic approach provide the client with a deeper understanding of who they are, what
they feel and the opportunity to explore the possibility of creating personal choices. It
encourages self-awareness and self-realisation.

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