CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

1.1 Topic:
Bangalore International Convention Centre - role of promoting and sharing common interest among
individuals and groups

1.2 Abstract:
 Designing a Convention Centre is a world class venue for conventions, shows and celebrations. Designed
to international standards with state of the acoustics, lighting, connectivity and ergonomic seating.
 It contains multiple halls that can be used for different purposes.
 These venues have won awards for their design and architecture and have well thought-out layouts in
aesthetically pleasing settings.
 Nowadays, meetings and exhibitions are not only the trend of publicity but also it is proved beneficial for
society and economy.
 These centers encourage tourism industries, business sectors, artists, handicraft departments etc.
 The idea of International Convention Centre has been derived from the present scenario of rapid growth
of innovation, technology, art and cultures.

1.3 Project status:

 It is a proposed site with 35 acres of prime land along NH – 7 and adjacent to Kempegowda International
Airport, Bangalore.
 Minimum 6000 seats with flexibility for conversion in to smaller halls and having lighting and acoustics,
etc. for conducting musical concerts etc.

1.4 Theme and concept:

Green house concept under Garden City Theme.

1.5 Justification for doing this project:

 Nowadays the rapid development of megacities and metro cities are the cause of the growth of
population, industries and business sectors.
 There is a need to expose the activities and creativities in front of people across the globe to promote new
trends and cultures.
 As a result a space is required to gather people where this kind of events can be taken place.
 This is the concept of a convention centre where people can gather to share and earn various experiences.
 These centers emphasize both public and private events.

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 Encourages tourism developments, business developments, cultural activities, social gathering and
amusements.

1.6 Present scenario and data for particular site:

 Excellent connectivity to all major destinations (International and Domestic).
 Proximity to major Business destinations in the south.
 Cosmopolitan culture with Art and Music loving crowd.
 Pleasant climate all year round.
 Other infrastructures proposed to improve connectivity (NH connectivity, direct connectivity from
Airport, Metro etc.)
 Proposed developments: viz: 408 acres, Aerospace Park, etc.

Figure 1 Location map of the site

1.7 Aim:
To design unique spaces to make people visit from different cities and countries to attend conference and
exhibitions.

1.8 Scope and Objectives:

 To create a place for social and cultural gathering.
 To create a venue for exhibition and interaction.
 To create a landmark through contemporary architectural features.
 To create interactive spaces and landscaping to generate public interest.

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  To meet international standards and aims to become the most preferred destination for Meetings,
Incentives, Conferences, and Exhibitions.
 To provide central garden to be utilized for large events and festivals
 To provide smaller secondary gardens fir smaller events and the function spaces and Amphitheatre for
smaller outdoor events/ occasion.
 To provide a sustainable approach with customized solar paneled roofing and wall elements.
 To provide event’s organizer office and Back office, food court, Multi-Level car parking.

1.9 Limitations:
Structural details.

Designing of hotels and resorts in particular site.

Detailing of services.

1.10 Methodology:
i. Identification of Topic.
a. Field of interest
b. Importance of topic
c. Need of topic
d. Typology selection
ii. Analysis of topic.
a. Brief of Topic
b. Aim and objectives
c. Scope and limitations
d. Justification of Topic
iii. Site selection.
a. Justification of site
b. Requirement
iv. Literature study.
a. Collection of data
v. Case study.
a. Selection of case study
b. Live case study
c. Comparison
vi. Site study.
a. Site condition
b. Identification of major problem

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 c. Climatological aspect
vii. Inference.
a. Inference from literature study
b. Inference from case study
c. Inference from site study
viii. Primary design solution.
a. Design brief
b. Area statement
c. Concept
d. Design requirement
ix. Final design proposal with report.
x. Final sheets for external viva voice.

1.11 Case studies:

The following Convention centers are selected for case studies to understand the design approach and
principles are

i. Hyderabad International Convention Centre (Hyderabad)

ii. Indian Habitat Centre (Delhi)
iii. MLR Convention Centre (Bangalore)

1.12 Design ideas:

 Flexibility among spaces
 Implementing barrier free methods
 Maintaining a single roof building with open spaces like courtyards, Amphitheatre for outdoor events etc.

1.13 Conclusion:
Numerous creations, cultural activities and social interaction are not fulfilled if proper trend of exhibitions and
convention are not organized. Such programs need sufficient space to display and gathering purpose. So the
requirement of a Convention Centre is necessary.

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 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE STUDY

2.1 Introduction
Understanding conventions and their types. User analysis as per the various space requirements.
i. Understanding conventions
ii. Types of conventions
iii. User and space analysis

2.2 Understanding conventions:

A convention is a gathering of individuals who meet at an arranged place and time in order to discuss or
engage in some common interest. Conventions are often planned and coordinated by professional meeting and
convention planners, generally by staff of conventions hosting company.
Most large cities will have a convention center dedicated to hosting such events. The term MICE – meetings
incentives conventions and exhibitions – is widely used in Asia as a description of the industry.

2.3 Types of conventions:

The most common conventions are based upon industry, profession, and fandom. Along with them
I. Trade conventions:
It typically lays focus on a particular industry or industry segment, and feature keynote speakers, vendor
displays, and other information and activities of interest to the event organizers and attendee
II. Professional conventions:
They focus on issues of concern to profession and advancements in the profession, such conventions are
generally organized by societies dedicated to promotion of topic of interest.
III. Fan conventions:
They usually feature displays, shows, and sales based on pop culture and guest celebrities.

Figure 2 Types of conventions

IV. Seminars:
There are meetings organized to inform a group of people about a specific topic, or to teach a specific skill.
Expert speakers and teachers are usually invited to speak on various topics.

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V. Social events:
A large gathering organized to celebrate major life events and religious ceremonies. Common social events
include: anniversaries, weddings and birthdays.
VI. Trade shows/ exhibitions:
They are an opportunity for companies to exhibit some of their latest products, as well as yet to be released
prototypes to journalists as well as others in the industry.

2.4 Space and user analysis:

Components Space analysis

Public Use
I. Entrance Hall Users: Delegates, performers and staff.
Description:
 The major connectivity between the various components of the
convention center.
 It acts m an ideal space for delegates to network.
 Spaces like information kiosk and waiting lounges form a part of
the entrance hall.
II. Registration Center Users: People taking part in various conventions
Description:
 It acts as a space where people attending various events register
themselves.
III. Toilets Users: All occupants.
Description:
 The size and quantity of the toilets to be provided shall be
decided in accordance to NBC standards.
 They shall be provided for peak capacity.
IV. Exhibition Halls Users: All occupants
Description:
 Trade relative promoters take part in the trade shows to promote
their products.
 Large span structures and column free spaces are required for
these promotions.
 Crowd management of such components becomes necessary.

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 Semi Public Use
I. Auditorium / Plenary Users: Performers, delegates and local people.
Hall Description:
 The purpose of the auditorium is to accommodate large scale
gatherings for various events like dance, drama and delegations.
 The design of the auditorium shall be evolved in accordance to
various standard guidelines subjected to auditorium design.

II. Conference Rooms Users: Delegates and staff

Description:
 They hold meetings and small company training sessions for
20-30 people.
III. Seminar Rooms Users: Delegates and staff.
Description:
 They are ideal for small-scale events like workshops, training
sessions, press conferences, etc.
 They are large enough to seat attendees in theatre configurations
ranging from 50-200 people.
IV. Public amenities Users: Delegates
Description:
 They include smoking lounges, ATM's, phone booths, etc.
 Only people attending any event in the convention center shall
have an access to these amenities

Private Use
I. Administrative offices Users: Staff of the convention center
Description:
 It contains offices for the convention center which handles
the general functioning of the bus terminal.
II. Control room Users: Staff
Description:
 The control room will monitor the overall functioning of the
convention center.

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 Service Areas
I. Parking Users: Anyone visiting ICC.
Description:
 Car and bus parking as per norms laid by NBC and DDA.
II. Loading Docks/ Bays Users: Staff
Description:
 They form a crucial part for loading/ unloading purpose in the
exhibition pavilions.

III. Service Block Users: Staff

A Plant room; Electrical
substation; Maintenance
Department.

IV. Back of House Users: Staff

The Kitchen Description:
 It shall serve all the events hosted by the convention center.
Table 1 User analysis

2.5 Space standards:

Segregation of the public movement pattern and the details of the anthropometric standards of the various
components of the project.
I. Public movement pattern for convention center’s
II. The auditorium
III. Conference rooms
IV. Exhibition galleries
V. Restaurants
VI. Central kitchens
VII. Fire norms by NBC
VIII. Vertical circulation
IX. Parking

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 i. Public movement pattern for convention centers:

Communication and functionality can be improved by implementing efficient circulation patterns in a

convention center. People visiting or working in a convention center can be divided into 5 broad user
categories:

a. Public flow
b. Delegate flow
c. VIP flow
d. Journalist flow
e. Staff flow

a. Public flow:
Dignified personalities are invited depending on the nature of conference. It can also have relatives and public
guests invited by the organization. The public guests also have access to the exhibition areas and hence these
areas shall a separate access to manage the public flow during peak hours efficiently.
b. Delegates flow:
Delegates form the most important group of users for a convention center. The parking shall lead them to the
main entrance foyer which further directs them to their destination. An unobstructed delegate movement is
very important.
c. VIP flow:
They shall either directly lead to the dais of the main hall or shall enter through the VIP entrance which is
connected to a VIP lounge.
d. Journalist flow:
It includes press people, cameraman and diplomats. They shall have a direct access to the documentation
center and the TV studio of the convention center.
e. Staff flow:
The staff can be divided into two categories namely the technical staff who are responsible for the efficient
working of the convention center while the others are the administrative staff who are exposed to the people
coming to the center. The paths of the technical and administrative staff diverse at the staff entrance.
ii. The Auditorium:

The three-dimensional volume of an auditorium is conditioned by the need for all members of the audience to
be able to see the whole of the platform or stage; and to hear the actor, singer, musician or speaker. Seating
density, floor rake and seating layout are partly determined by this, partly to give the audience an appropriate
level of comfort and essentially to ensure a means of escape in an emergency, such as a fire, within the time
required by safety considerations and by legislation.

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 Figure 3 Visual and aural limitations
Seating:

Figure 4 Auditorium Seating

Description Minimum Maximum Drawn as

(mm) (mm)
A Overall seat depth 600 720 650
B Tipped seat depth 425 500 450
C seat way 305 - 400
D Back to back seatspacing 760 - 850

E Seat width for seat with arms 500 750 525

F Annrest height 50 - 50
G Seat height 430 450 440
H Armrest height 600 600
I Seatback height 800 850 800
J Seat inclination 17 9 7
K Back inclination 15 20 15

Table 2 Seating Dimensions

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Writing surface

Conference use may require a writing surface for note-taking. The writing surface may be:

 A tablet fixed to each seat, 20.10

 A fixed table with fixed pivoting or sliding seat, 20.13

Figure 5 Writing surface

Auditorium Design:

1. Audience requirements:

Every member of the audience should be able to see and hear clearly whatever is happening on every part of
the stage or platform. The greater the encirclement of the audience of platform or stage, more people can be
accommodated within the aural and visual limitations up to 180° encirclement. With a full encirclement, the
distance from platform or stage is restricted to six rows.

2. Number of seats in a row:

With traditional seating the maximum number is 22 if there are gangways at both ends of the row, and 11 for
gangway at one end. Rows with more than 22 seats are permitted if the audience is not thereby imperiled.

3. Row to row spacing:

Spacing is controlled by the clearway between the leading edge of the seat and the rear of the back of the seat
in front. For traditional seating the minimum clearway for people to pass along the row is 300 mm and this
dimension increases with the number of seats in a row. For continental seating the clearway is not less than
400 mm and not more than 500 mm.

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4. Gangways:

As gangways are essential escape routes, their widths are determined by the number of seats served. The
minimum is 1100 mm. They can be ramped up to 10%. If the seating rake is steeper, gangways most have
steps extending the full width and these most have consistent treads and risers in each run.

5. Seating geometry:

Seating is usually laid out in straight or curved rows focused towards the platform or stage. Further forms are
the angled row, straight row with curved change of direction and straight rows within emphasized blocks of
seats.

Figure 6 Seating Geometry

6. Seating density:

Seats with arms and tippable seat can occupy a space as small as 500 mm wide with a row-to-row dimension
of 760 mm; but can be as large as 750 mm wide by 1400 mm. The area per seat therefore varies between 0.38
m2 and 3.05 m2.

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 Figure 7 Seating Density
7. Sightlines for a seated audience:

For every member of the audience to have an uninterrupted view of the platform or stage over the heads in
front and clear of overhangs the section and plan of the auditorium need to conform to certain limitations set
by vertical and horizontal sightlines.

Figure 8 Sightness of seated audience

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iii. Means of escape:
 Travel distance:

The maximum travel distance from seat to exit within the auditorium is determined by the need to evacuate
from each level of the auditorium within 21/2 minutes. For traditional seating the maximum travel distance is
18 m measured from the gangway, for continental seating 15 m from any seat.

 Exits:

From each level of the auditorium two separate exits must be provided for the first 500 seats with an additional
exit for each further 250 seats.

 Stairs:

Staircase flights should have at least two risers and not more than 16. All treads should be 275 mm and risers
180 mm.

 Ramps:

Wheelchair users should be provided with flat or ramped escape routes which may be separate from other
routes. Ramps should not be longer than 4.5m or steeper than 8.5%.

Number of people Minimum total exit widths(m)

Up to 200 2.2
201-300 2.4
301-400 2.8
401-500 3.2
751-1000 6.4
1001-2000 14.4
Table 3 Means of escape

iv. Conference Rooms:

A conference hall or conference room is a room provided for singular events such as business conferences and
meetings. Sometimes other rooms are modified for large conferences such as arenas or concert halls.
Conference rooms can be windowless for security purposes

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Types of seating

Type Description Layout

 U shaped  Seating around three sides of the room.

 It is good for presentations from front.
 Presentation space in the middle of the room.
 Can be used for up to 50 persons.

 Per seat area is 3.25m2.

 Boardroom  Centrally located table.

style  Classic layout ideal for debate and discussion.
 Seating capacity 5-30 persons.
 Per seat area is 3.71m2.

 Cabaretstyle  All delegates facing front-center on round tables.

 Large space in the middle of the room.
 Ideal for small-group work.
 Per seat area is 1.57m2.

 Theater style  Used for product launches, presentations, displays.

 Used to present to large numbers of dele- gates.
 Can be used for 100-250 persons.
 Per seat area is 0.83 m2.

Table 4 Types of seating

Space standards:

Consideration must be given to clearances and circulation around the larger conference table, as indicated in
the adjoining figure.

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 Figure 9 Seating standards for a conference table
Type Dimension
A 1210-1520
B 100-150
C 510-610
D 150-255
E 460-610
F 790-910
Table 5 Seating standards for a conference table

v. Exhibition Galleries:

An Exhibition is an organized presentation and display of a selection of items. In practice, exhibitions usually
occur within museums, galleries and exhibition halls, and World's Fairs. Exhibitions can include many things
such as art in both major museums and smaller galleries, interpretive exhibitions, natural history museums and
history museums, and also varieties such as more commercially focused exhibitions and trade fairs.

General Planning

The relationships between functions are common to all museums and art galleries.

Figure 11 shows collection item movements in the operation of collection services, but note that not every
operation necessarily requires a separate space, and some services may be provided by outside agencies.

As far as possible, collection movement and pubic circulation should be kept separate.

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Figure 10 shows one approach to Zoning and expansion based on this principle.

Figure 10 Zoning of Galleries

Figure 11 Layout concepts

Space Standards

 Aisles:
 Must be a minimum width of 3 meters.
 Must equal total width of existing exits.
 Must have 2 exits.
 Must have no dead ends.
 Fire exits / Clearways:

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 Designated fire exits and clear ways cannot be encroached upon under any circumstance. Storage of
materials or equipment in these areas is not permitted. It is the responsibility of the event organizer to ensure
that stand holders comply with this requirement.

Figure 12 Fire exits and clear ways

Figure 13 Various area requirements

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vi. Restaurants

A place where
re people pay to sit and eat meals that are cooked and served on the premises. Various types of
restaurants are classified based upon menu style, preparation methods and pricing.

Types of restaurant:

Type Description
1. Fine dining restaurants with bar  These are full service restaurants with specific
dedicated meal courses.
 Décor of such restaurants features higher
quality materials, with an eye towards the
“atmosphere”.
2. Casual dining restaurants  A casual dining restaurant is a restaurant that
serves moderately
ely priced food in a casual
atmosphere.
 Except for buffet style restaurants, casual
dining restaurants typically provide table service.
Table 6 Types of restaurant
Relationship of main elements:

 The layout and relationship between different areas is dependent on the type of facility.
 The kitchen and preparation areas will equal about 50% of the dining space and ancillary and storage will
be about 1.5-22 times the kitchen area.

Figure 14 Relationship between major spaces.

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Space standards:

 Restaurants should be planned so that a variety of seating arrangements is possible (e.g. tables for two and
four).
 To eat comfortably, one person requires a 600mm wide and 400mm deep table.
 Service aisles should be minimum 900mm to 1350mm wide if used both by trolleys and guests.
 Area required per person ranges from 1.3-1.9 m2.
 There must be clarity in organization between self-service, fast food, etc. and a separate smoking area.

Figure 15 Circulation and Layout for restaurant

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Bar Service

 To encourage business from non-diners the main bar may have an external entrance.
 A fairly long bar counter supported by bar store and place for seating should be provided.
 Cocktail lounge (comfortable) 1 .8-2.0m2 per person.
 General bar (some standing and on stools) 1 .3-1.7m2 per person.

Table 7 Dimension for bar service

Type Dimension
A 1370
B 450-610
C 610
D 760
E 408-450
F 610-760
G 760-910
H 710-960

Figure 16 Bar circulation dimensions

Toilet facility:

Sanitary appliance Male Female

1. WC 1 per 100 up to 400 males. For 2 per 50 up to 200 females. For
over 400 males, add at the rate of over 200, add at the rate of 1 per
1 per 250 males 100 females.
2. Urinals 1 per 50 males. -
3. Wash basins 1 per WC and in addition 1 per 5 1 per WC.
urinals.
4. Toilets for disabled 1 Unisex compartment should be reasonably close by.
Table 8 Toilet facility

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vii. Central Kitchen:

Kitchen requirements vary depending on preparation methods used. The capacity of the kitchen is primarily
dependent on the number of customer seats, customer expectations and the proportion of raw materials which
have to be freshly prepared.

Figure 17 Graph representing area calculation for various zones in kitchen and programmed
kitchen function.
Group catering for large number of people requires labor saving mechanization and automatic units i.e. a
programmed kitchen from meals plan, through goods procurement to meal distribution and crockery cleaning
for more than 800-1000 table places.

 Allow approximately 50% extra for staff toilets (0.4m2/person), locker and changing room
(0.6m2/person).
 The kitchen should be planned on one level to serve all catering outlets.
 If this is not possible, the main kitchen should be on the same level as the main restaurant, with
preparation and stores on a different level.
 Banqueting service area not next to kitchen should be linked by service lifts and stairs and have their own
forward service equipment.
 Certain preparation processes may be located in separate floors. A bakery, for example, may be tucked
out of the way, but thought must be given to the flow of materials to and away from this area.
 Generally the plan is continuous process, always moving forward from one step to the next, with
backtracking or cross-ovens limited as far as possible.

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 Figure 18 Conventional kitchen schematic layout with direct meal server.

viii. Fire safety norms by the National Building Code of India

Every building shall be so constructed, equipped, maintained and operated as to avoid undue danger to the life
and safety of the occupants from fire, smoke, fumes or panic during the time period necessary for escape.

General Exit Requirements

 An exit may be a doorway; to an interna

internall staircase, or external staircase, or terrace(s), which have access
to the street, or to the roof of a building or a refuge area.
 All exits shall provide continuous means of egress to the exterior of a building or to an exterior open
space leading to a street.
 Exits shall be so arranged that they may be reached without passing through another occupied unit.

Capacity of exits

 The unit of exit width, used to measure the capacity of any exit, shall be 500 mm. A clear width of 250
mm shall be counted as an additional
itional half unit. Clear widths less than 250 mm shall not be counted for exit
width.
 In an assembly building (convention center), the capacity per story per unit width of exit of stairways,
ramps and doors is 40, 50 and 60 respectively.
 The travel distancee to an exit from the dead end of a corridor shall not exceed 30m in case of assembly
buildings.

Doorways

 No exit doorway shall be less than 1000 mm in width except assembly buildings where door width shall
be not less than 2000 mm. Doorways shall be not lless than 2000 mm in height.
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Stairways and ramps

 The minimum width of tread shall be 300 mm and the maximum height of riser shall be 150 mm for
assembly buildings.
 The minimum width for a staircase shall be 2m.
 The minimum headroom in a passage under the landing of a staircase and under the staircase shall be 2.2
m.
 The slope of a ramp shall not exceed 1 in 10. In certain cases steeper slopes maybe permitted but in no
case greater than 1 in 8.

Horizontal exits

 For buildings more than 24 m in height, refuge area of 15 m2 or an area equivalent to 0.3 m2 per person
to accommodate the occupants of two consecutive floors

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ix. Vertical circulation:

Escalators:

Figure 19 Cross section of an elevator

Escalators are required for continuous mass transportation of people. The standard dimensions for various
depths of an escalator are prescribed in the adjoining table.

Step width 600 800 1000

A 605-620 805-820 1005-1020
B 1170-1220 1320-1420 1570-1620
C 1280 1480 1680
Transportation 5000-6000 7000-8000 8000-10000
capacity/hr.
Table 9 Dimensions of escalator

Figure 20 Types of escalator

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 Angle of inclination of an escalator from the horizontal shall not exceed 30°, but for rises not exceeding 6
m the angle of inclination is permitted to be increased up to 35°.
 In accordance with a worldwide standard, the width of the step to be used is 60cm (for one person), 80cm
(for one-to-two people width) and 100cm (for two people width). A 100cm step provides ample space for
carrying goods.

 Calculation of length in plan for an escalator:

- With 30deg. escalator = 1.732* storey height
- With 35deg. escalator = 1.428* storey height
 The landing area of escalators shall have a surface that provides a secure foot hold for a minimum
distance of 0.85 m measured from the root of the comb teeth.

Elevators:

 Location:

Passenger lifts should be within a reasonable walking distance from the furthest part of the floor areas served
(say, 70 m maximum) and, where they are the only or main lifts near an entrance. The location of goods and
service lifts will depend on their function, but they should not open into passenger lift lobbies or public areas.

 Planning a passenger lift:

Cul-de-sac or recessed lobbies, are essential to get the maximum performance from lift groups. Clearly, having
called for lift service the waiting passengers should not have to walk further than necessary to the responding
lift car, and should not be obstructed by passers-by.

Figure 21 Plan of lift

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a. Plan of recessed lobby and machine room for multi-lift installation.
b. Plan of cul-de-sac lobby and machine room

Selecting the size of an elevator:

Type Capacity Shaft size Car size Door Pit

Persons/kg mm mm mm mm
General purpose 13/1000 2400*2300 1600*1400 1100 1800
passenger traffic 16/1250 2600*2300 1950*1400 1100 1900
(Speed:1 m/s) 21/1600 2600*2600 1950*1750 1100 1900
Intensive passenger 13/1000 2400*2300 1600*1400 1100 2800
electric traction 16/1250 2600*2300 1950*1400 1100 2800
(speed:2.5 m/s) 21/1600 2600*2600 1950*1750 1100 2800
General-purpose goods 13/1000 2100*2100 1400*1800 1400 1500
lift, electric traction
(speed: 0.5/0.63/1 m/s)
Heavy-duty goods, 26/2000 2600*2900 1700*2000 1700 1500-1800
electric traction 26/2000 2900*2500 2000*2100 1800 1500-1800
Table 10 Selecting the size of an elevator
Ramps:

 These are used to allow wheeled vehicles such as trolleys, wheel chairs and buggies to change levels.
 A ramp when provided should not have a slope greater than 1 in 20 or maximum of 1 in 12 for short
distance up to 9000 mm.

Figure 22 Location of landing in a straight external ramp

 Each ramp shall have at least 1800 mm of straight clearance at the bottom.
 At least one entrance usable by individuals in wheelchairs shall be on a level that would make the
elevators accessible.

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Width of a ramp:

It is determined according to type and intensity of use. One way travel requires a minimum width of 900 mm
clear, whereas two way travel need 1500mm. where turns occur at landings adequate space for maneuvering
wheel chairs must be provided.

Internal staircase:

 All assembly buildings having area more than 500 m2 on each floor shall have a minimum of two
staircases.
 The minimum width for a staircase in an assembly building shall be 1500mm.
 The formula for most staircases of twice the rise plus the going lies between 600 and 630mm will give a
suitable relationship.
 The rise should not exceed 190mm, and the going should not be less than 250mm.

Maximum Rise Going Maximum risers per flight

pitch
32.7 degrees Minimum 135 Minimum 280 16 risers
Maximum 180 Maximum 340
Table 11 Internal staircase
 The top of the handrail should be between 900and 1000 mm above the pitch line.
 The minimum headroom in a passage under the landing of staircase and under the staircase shall be 2.2 m.

School of Architecture, GITAM university, Visakhapatnam 28

x. Parking:

Surface parking:

Parking stalls should be built to accommodate the larger cars frequently used, although not necessarily the very
largest. Parking spaces may be parallel, perpendicular, or angled (30, 45, or 60 degree) to the driving lane, or
aisle. Rea per ECS for surface car parking as per DDA is 23 m2.

The type, description, layout, advantages and disadvantages of parking is shown in table listed below

Type Description Layout Advantage/Disadvantages

Perpendicular  Effective in Advantages
low turnover rate or  Works well with either
long term parking one or two-way aisles
areas.  Handles the most
 Most efficient vehicles per square meter of
and economical pavement
since it Disadvantages:
accommodates the  Requires widest area
most vehicles per  Two way traffic can
linear meter. create visibility problems.
Angled – 60  This parking Advantages:
degree area configuration is  Easy maneuvering in
ideal for a fast and out of parking spaces
turnover rate or  Good visibility
predominantly short  Lends itself to either
term use. one or two way aisles
 This is often Disadvantages:
offset by difficulties  Requires more
of inefficient pavement per vehicle than
circulation patters perpendicular
and one way aisles. configuration.

School of Architecture, GITAM university, Visakhapatnam 29

 Angled – 45  The 45 degree Advantages;
degree angled parking  Reduced width
configuration requirements for layout.
displays similar  Easy maneuvering in
benefits and and out of parking spaces.
limitations as the 60  Good visibility to the
degree. rear.
Disadvantages:
 Doesn’t work well
with two-way aisles
 Requires more
pavement per vehicle than
perpendicular parking
configuration.
Table 12 Types of parking
Basement parking:

 Every basement shall be in every part at least 2.4 m in height from the floor to the underside of the roof
slab or ceiling.
 Adequate ventilation shall be provided for the basement.
 The access to the basement shall be separate from the main and alternative staircase providing access and
exit from higher floors.
 Area per ECS for basement car parking as per DDA is 32 m2.

Ramp systems:

The types of ramp systems, description and layout of ramp systems are listed in the table given below

Ramp systems:

Type Description Layout

Clearway ramp systems  Inter floor travel path
completely separated from
potentially conflicting parking-
unparking movements
 Provide safest movement
with least delay
 Preferred for self-park
design

School of Architecture, GITAM university, Visakhapatnam 30

 Adjacent ramp systems  Part or all of ramp travel
is performed on access aisles
 Requires less area per
stall
 Twofold use of travel
paths
 More susceptible to
traffic movement delays
Table 13 Ramp systems
Ramp design:

Type Description Layout

Opposed ramp design  Vehicles rotate in the
same direction
 Up and down ramps in
opposite direction
 Required ramp surfaces
to be opposed.
Parallel ramp design  Up and down ramp slope
in the same direction
 Ramp surfaces are
parallel
 Vehicles must rotate in
opposite direction
 Cheaper to construct

Table 14 Ramp design

Floor systems:

Type Description Advantages/Disadvantages

Split level or  Floor levels in Advantages:
staggered floor one section is  Construction is relatively simple
systems staggered vertically by  The design fits well on rectangular sites
one half story from  Efficient in terms of floor space per vehicle parking
those in adjacent stall
sections. Disadvantages:
 Frequent conflicts may arise between circulating traffic

School of Architecture, GITAM university, Visakhapatnam 31

 and parking and unparking vehicles
Sloping floor  Consist of Advantages:
systems sloping levels(full  The relatively flat floor slope permits comfortable
width ramp/ parking and pedestrian walking
continuous ramp)  Floor to floor travel distance is greater in sloping floor
 Contains two garages than in other types of ramp garages.
adjacent parking Disadvantages:
modules tilted in  Cause congestion during peak out bound movements.
opposite directions
Table 15 Floor systems

Figure 23 Floor systems sections

School of Architecture, GITAM university, Visakhapatnam 32

2.6 Ceiling zone:
Functional requirements cover:

Acoustics: Profiled reflector panels and possible adjustable diffusers for non-amplified music, reflectors also
over concert platform.

Lighting: Bridges for access and support for auditorium lighting, working lights and emergency lighting as
well as performance lighting.

Ventilation: Air ducts and plenums, diffusers, nose attenuation and monitoring equipment, supporting hangers
and means of access for servicing.

Production requirements: For operas, dance musicals and drama, a grid and pulley suspension for suspending
scenery over forestage, including access by technicians.

Fire control: Detection system in voids and fire dampers in duets and

Structures: Support for roof, ducts, lighting bridges, etc.

2.7 Fire protections:

Four factors are to be considered:

 Non-combustibility of materials including finishes and seating.

 Protection of electrical circuits.
 Care with lighting, and
 Separation of hazardous process such as scene-painting.

Detecting them early when they do occur:

Smoke and heat detectors backstage, in auditorium and all voids.

Alarms connected to the automatic detector system and central indicator panel, and possibly direct link to local
fire station. These should be visual (flashing light) in auditorium and not audible.

Preventing them spreading:

 Enclosing walls and floors to be fire resistant.

 Self-closing fire doors to openings.
 Either a safety curtain to the stage area or special on-stage precautions.

Facilitating extinguishing:

 Hose-reels.
 Portable extinguishers.

School of Architecture, GITAM university, Visakhapatnam 33

 Automatic sprinkler system backstage (not allowed over seating areas).

2.8 Air conditioning, heating and ventilation:

The thermal insulation of the enclosure and on the external climatic conditions.

Ventilation needs to provide fresh air at a rate of change to achieve comfort conditions.

A common condition is a minimum air supply per occupant of 8 liters per second, 75% of outside air and 25%
re-circulated.

Extract ductwork can be at ceiling level and under balconies with supply below the seating.

Plant should be remote from auditorium to avoid noise.

2.9 Circulation:
While gangway lengths and widths are calculated as part of the fire escape route, they also provide the
circulation through the auditorium, with possible additional gangways from the audience entry points to
individual rows and seats.

Wheelchair location:

Regulations require a minimum of six places for wheelchair users, or 1/100th of the audience capacity, which
ever if the greater.

Their location as discrete areas can be at the rear, front, side or within the seating, wheelchairs can be centrally
positioned by forming a bay off a cross-gangway.

Lounge:

Traffic in the longue itself is to bar, refreshment stand and lavatories.

Lavatories located left and right of close to the longue entrance, split the traffic.

Traffic eddies tend to form in corners, for which reason they can best be used for chairs, ash stands etc.

Large tables and groups of chairs in the center of the longue help to keep traffic circulation to the left.

2.10 Ballroom design

Pre-function space and foyer:

Separate foyers are required for each of the main halls and for each group of meeting rooms. The foyer
provides circulation and assembly space leading to different parts of the hall, including each floor level and
any area that may be separated by divisions. Foyers in convention events provide refreshing sessions between
working periods. The required area for foyers is 0.3 to 0.5m² per person based on capacity of the hall. The
foyer for the main convention hall is generally 0.3 to 0.4 times of the ball room. A separate entrance to the
back stage area is necessary for speakers, entertainers and technical services (television and projection).
School of Architecture, GITAM university, Visakhapatnam 34
Vestibule should control sound and light penetration and insulation and screening. In vestibules video monitors
and viewing panels are utilized to show information on activities and performances inside. The door width of
auditoriums must be minimum 2.2 meters.

The main theme, convention facilities of hotels must be carefully considered. The flow of attendees must be
very efficiently designed between the ballrooms, exhibition room, meeting room to be located on different
floors, if so; visual coordinating and assistance should be supplied via escalators, grandiose stairs or visible
panoramic elevators.

Ballroom dimensions:

Although large spaces are necessary for big convention organizations generally rather small conventions take
place in meeting rooms and ballrooms. Within periods different organizations overlap and they require
independent entrances and exists.The meeting rooms of different dimensions are utilized for different meeting
types with different requirements. Large group meetings that require full attendance are named as “plenary
sessions”. These sessions generally takes place at the main ballroom. When alternate choice of lecture and
symposia occur parallel sessions are arranged at meeting room that are small in size yet close to each other.
The workshop that takes place with group participations and are used for gathering and introductions. For
display of related products and information exhibitions are preferred.

The capacity of the main meeting room is important to attract large conventions. But, the greatest demand
comes for the medium size meeting and breakout rooms and smaller meeting and function rooms. Within
whole facility 6.6 m² of public space is required per delegate including ballrooms, meeting room, exhibition
areas, reception and existing pre-function rooms. The minimum width of service corridors is taken to be 2.7
meters. Due to special technical audio visual requirements and storage of partitions of meeting rooms the
usable width of the corridors would be less at finishing.The minimum corridors for noon-service paths are 2.2
meters. For each group of meeting facility, ballrooms and group meeting break-out rooms, enough number of
toilets, cloak rooms, meeting-planners office, and business center must be supplied.The meeting registration
desk must be visible from the approximately located escalators and grand stairs. The technical spaces
requirements of the ballrooms must be taken into considerations in sections. The projection rooms, control,
audio and lighting rooms overlook ball room. A mezzanine floor should be designed over the pre function
space.

The minimum length for a ballroom is 4.9 meters. Yet, a ballroom over 1400 m² requires a ceiling height of 6.1
meters. The central areas of the ballrooms are generally kept higher to feature lighting fixtures, air grills and
other systems. Especially for exhibits, direct accesses of loading tricks are essential. Usually convention hotels
prefer to use the ballrooms as an exhibit space as well, so if possible the docks should be in direct relation with
those spaces. For freight and passenger elevators, those elevators must be separated from the actual elevators
of the guest room floors. Otherwise waiting time of the elevators would increase up to uncomfortable
durations.

School of Architecture, GITAM university, Visakhapatnam 35

Public facilities and services:

For large halls 2 water closets must be supplied for the first 500 and an additional we must be supplied per
additional 500 attendees in men’s toilets. On the other hand 1 urinal per 2 attendees is essential. One
washbasin per each WC and one WC for each 5 urinals must be maintained. For women’s WC’s 1 water closet
is necessary per each 75 delegates and 1 washbasin is supplied for each water closet. In pre-function space of
large meeting rooms, cloakrooms must be placed 0.1 m² space for each delegate. In order not to obscure the
circulation routes, the counter is set back 1.2m.

2.11 Meeting room design:

93 m² is considered to be the most flexible room dimension for s typical meeting room permits flexibility for
large and small break-out sessions with either conference or theatre seating.The general height for meeting
room is taken to be 3.3 meters at minimum.

Meeting rooms require 0.9 m² area per seat in conference seating whereas they require 1.1 m² per seat in
banquet layout.One or more large halls with column fee structures are essential in convention centers’. Each
room must have its own access and lighting, sound, audio visual properties. Large numbers of meeting or
breakout rooms are also called as syndicate rooms which are to be used with parallel sessions of meetings.
These meeting rooms must be accommodate different sizes of meeting groups with sizes 20, 50 to 100 people
in theatre and classroom arrangements.

Kept in two types, small meeting rooms are generally furnished under theme of meeting rooms. There are also
rooms that can be adopted for dual use. Dual rooms are generally attached together within the connecting
doors having an extra storage space. When not used these spaces are utilized as family rooms or suites. In
contrary to normal suites these rooms have higher comfort level with extra air-conditioning and services.The
height of the ceiling and the layout of the conference tables all system and its location, either in meeting room
or in the adjoining projection room. Ceiling height dictates the utility of the projector room and establishes the
maximum size of project images. The room layout is critical, the design should indicate the room orientation
and the systems must occur to viewing angles and distances.

2.12 Space and seating requirements:

SPACE PER PERSON m² NOTES
Theatre style seating 0.8 Minimum for close seating
in a hall may be as little as
0.6m²/person in a purpose
built lecture theatre.
Classroom style seating 1.6 With individual tables,
closely grouped
Conference rooms 2.0 Groups of 10-25 around

School of Architecture, GITAM university, Visakhapatnam 36

 table
Ballroom 1.0 Based use of hall
Banquet 1.0
Dinner dance 1.2
Reception buffet 0.8
Foyer 0.6 If based on hall occupancy-
0.3m² per seat
Circulation per 100 2.0 Added to above figures
Exhibition-visitors 1.5 Maximum concentration of
people including
Exhibition-space 14.0 Per exhibit stand
Circulation per stand 5.0 Allowing 3m aisles
Stage acting area 80.0 Approximately 9mx9m
Project booth 28.0
Interpreters booth 6.0 Per booth
Restaurant 2.0
Coffee shop 1.7
Snack bar 1.5
Cocktail lounge bar 1.7
Lobby bar 1.5
Men’s toilet 0.05 Based on seat occupancy of
hall with additional toilets
for restaurants and bars.
General provisions: 1 w plus
4 urinals per 100 males, 1 wc
per 100 females plus 1
washbasin per wc r urinal.
Women’s toilets 0.06
Cloak room 0.05 Increased to 0.07m² if
unattended.
Table 16 Spaces per person

School of Architecture, GITAM university, Visakhapatnam 37

 CHAPTER 3: CASE STUDIES

Understanding the functionality and components of the project in a detailed manner.

1. HICC ( Hyderabad International Convention Centre), Hyderabad

2. MLR Convention Centre, Bangalore

Understanding the functionality and components of the project in a detailed manner.

3. Vancouver Convention Center (WEST), Canada.

School of Architecture, GITAM university, Visakhapatnam 38

3.1 HYDERABAD INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION CENTRE –
HICC
What is HICC?

HICC is India’s first purpose built and state of the art convention facility managed by Accor, the world’s
leading hospitality and tourism management group.

Introduction on HICC:

 HICC is only green globe certified convention in India.

 HICC in every aspect, be it infrastructure, service or technology, compares with the best in the world. It
has been conceived and designed to assist in executing world class events, whether they are Conventions for
5000 delegates, seminars for 500 or meeting for just 50. This air-conditioned centre can be configured to
increase seating capacity to about 6500.
 HICC is proud winner of the ‘best Convention Centre’ National Tourism Award by Incredible India for
three years in a row, 2007, 2008 & 2009.
 Novotel Hyderabad Convention Centre, adjacent to HICC, is a 5-star 287 room hotel, built to suite the
requirements of the business traveller.

Client:

Emaar properties Dubai and Andhra Pradesh Industrial Infrastructure Corporation limited.

Types:

Hospitality
Commercial

Size:

27,000 Sq.m

Project description:

RMJM was appointed to develop a 6,500 seats capacity convention hall and 5-star 287 bedrooms hotel for
Hyderabad, India. This project is one of the first purpose built conference facilities in the Indian sub-continent.
The project is spread over 15 acres and is conveniently located within 45 minutes of the international airport.

The main hall was designed to be pillar free and to be subdivided into a further 6 smaller halls. Adjacent to the
main hall is a pre-function foyer area of over 560 sq.m. The conference facility was designed and built with a
hotel component to cater towards the business traveler. The project was completed in 2005 and is managed by
Accor Hotels.

Land area: 15 acres

School of Architecture, GITAM university, Visakhapatnam 39

Landscaped area: 5 acres

Location: Adjacent to HITEC City, HI-TEX Gate, Izzat Nagar, Kothaguda, Hyderabad.

• 18 kms (33 min) from Hyderabad Deccan Station.

• 35 kms (50 min) from Secunderabad Station.

• 7.1 kms (17 min) from Miyapur Bus Stop NH-9.

• 32 kms (45 min) from Rajiv Gandhi International Airport.

Entry and exit to hicc:

There a two entries to access to access Convention center.

 Another is dedicated separately to Novotel and HICC.

 One entry is from HITEX Exhibition center

Staff entry and exit is provide from the back of convention center i.e. from the another internal road connected
to the site around the lake.This clearly shows that Hyderabad International Convention Center has separate
entry exit for staff

And separate entry for guest and the guest entry and exit is well emphasized and has parking to the left.

Road accessibility:

NOVOTEL & STAFF

HICC ENTRY/EXIT
ENTRY/EXIT

HITEX
EXHIBITION
CENTRE

Figure 24 Road accessibility of HICC

School of Architecture, GITAM university, Visakhapatnam 40

Hicc parking layout:

 HICC has separate parking for guest, Novotel guest and separate parking for working staff.
 It has a capacity of 600 cars and 1000 bikes.
 If there is a shortage of parking during big conventions the staff parking is converted to guest parking and
they have the permission to use HITEX exhibition center parking which is located at the back of the
convention center.
 Guest parking is located in the front side of convention center and staff parking is located in the back side
of the convention center.
 Novotel guest parking is located near to the convention center.

Guest parking Staff parking

Novotel
parking

Figure 25 Parking plan of HICC

Figure 26 Parking

School of Architecture, GITAM university, Visakhapatnam 41

Area analysis chart:

6% 4%
14% 31%

16%
29%

convention hall novotel surface parking

Figure 27 Area analysis

Area analysis:

TOTAL SITE AREA:128,901.01m.sq

TOTAL BUILT UP AREA, NOVOTEL $ HICC

HICC: 52,640.29 m.sq

ACHIEVED FAR: 0.408

HYDERABAD INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION CENTRE

CENTRE:

HICC ground coverage: 15,922.3m.sq

Built up area: 344,038.1 m.sq

Convention hall: 6864.46 m.sq

Ac room: 421.28 m.sq

Substation: 174.92 m.sq

Total built up area: 34,634.3 m.sq

NOVOTEL 5 STAR HOTEL:

Novotel hotel ground coverage: 2311.14m.sq

Built up area: 13,866.84 m.sq

Supporting built up area: 4139.15 M.SQ

Total built up area: 18,005.99 M.SQ

School of Architecture, GITAM university, Visakhapatnam 42

Zoning of spaces:

HICC is separated into public zone, private zone, and semi-private zone.

Public zone:

Conventions, Toilets, Art galleries etc.

Private zone:

Reception, Offices, Services, Terraces, etc.

Semiprivate zone:

Organizers office, Rooms meant for general public and delegates.

Facilities at HICC:

 Custom built to handle versatile events – be it an international conference for 5000 delegates, a cocktail
dinner for 4000 guests, a corporate party for 2000 people or even a board meeting for just 15.

 32 breakout rooms, including specialized meeting rooms, speaker preparatory rooms, boardrooms and
VIP lounge. 16 – Seater registration area.

 Pillar-free internal hall of net 6,480 sq. metres that can hold a 5,000-delegate plenary and can be
partitioned into 6 halls.

 A spacious pre-function foyer area of over 6,000 sq. metres of lobby space.

 In house Event Management and Audio-Visual team.

 24*7 security with the latest surveillance technology.

 Cutting edge design features including environmental sustainable practices.

 12.5 metres free ceiling height with catwalks and truss to withhold heavy suspension and mobile operable
walls.

 Service pits every 6 metres, with power, water and internet.

 Private workspace for organizers and their guests.

 In-built 100% power back-up generation capability.

 1000+ car parking base.

 Automated telescopic tiered seating for 2600.

 Loading dock for tailor-made capacities.

 Separate entry & exit points.

School of Architecture, GITAM university, Visakhapatnam 43

 Connected to 287-room Novotel Hyderabad, a 5 – star hotel.

Features:

Lobby Banquet seating Small meeting rooms

Figure 28 Interiors of convention centre

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Conventions:

Figure 29 Conventions
Events and exhibitions:

Figure 30 Exhibitions
Circulation:

4 staircase, two lifts, two escalators.

School of Architecture, GITAM university, Visakhapatnam 45

Floor plans: Ground floor plan:

Figure 31 Ground floor plan of HICC

School of Architecture, GITAM university, Visakhapatnam 46

First floor and second floor:

Figure 32 First and Second floor of HICC

School of Architecture, GITAM university, Visakhapatnam 47

 Figure 33 Flexibility

School of Architecture, GITAM university, Visakhapatnam 48

Styles of seat arrangement:

Cabinet style:

Classroom style:

School of Architecture, GITAM university, Visakhapatnam 49

Round table style:

School of Architecture, GITAM university, Visakhapatnam 50

Theatre style:

Figure 34 Seating styles and arrangements

Building services

Service pits:

 TV Cable
 Electrical
 It facility
 Water supply

Service ducts:

 Exhaust duct
 Electrical pipeline
 Fire sprinkler
 Air conditioning vent
 Water pipe

School of Architecture, GITAM university, Visakhapatnam 51

Service areas:

Ground floor

 Bulk pantry
 Stewarding room
 Electricity room
 Communication room
 Dishwashing room
 Dry storage room
 Cold storage room
 Beverage room
 Gas storage room
 Dock ramps

First floor

 Laundry rooms
 Training department
 Male locker room
 Female locker room
 Kitchenette
 Housekeeping office
 AV stores
 Performers changing room
 Engineering workshop
 Engineers staff office
 Chief engineers office

School of Architecture, GITAM university, Visakhapatnam 52

3.2 MLR convention Centre, Bangalore:
Address: Brigade millennium, 7TH Phase, J P Nagar, Bangalore.

Owner: Brigade Group.

Built: 2005

Architect:

Introduction

Brigade MLR convention center is a part of 22 acre residential development in south Bangalore. World class
venues for conventions, shows, celebrations and weddings. Designed to international standards with state of art
acoustics, lighting, connectivity and ergonomic seating, MLR convention center contains halls that can be used
for different purposes.

Figure 35 External facade of MLR convention centre

Build area: 70,000 sft, 6503.2 sq.m floor area

Land area: 1.60 acres

Location:

The MLR convention center is located at brigade millennium, 7th phase J.P.Nagar, Bangalore. It is well
connected and easily accessible from the main areas of Bangalore.

 12 km 26 mins distance from railway station

 11.6 km 25mins distance from bus station
 15.9 km 33 min distance from airport.

School of Architecture, GITAM university, Visakhapatnam 53

Orientation:

 As per plot, architect designed longer side on north and south directions.
 South side more vegetation to avoid heat
 Lawn on east side will all ways cool.
 On NW comer and norths, they used glass for elevation.

Brief of the project:

The MLR convention center- J P Nagar is an established convention center that has hosted weddings,
conferences and conventions. Designed as a self-contained venue and based on an award winning design from
an architectural competition, the MLR convention center- J P Nagar has state of art equipment, contemporary
facilities and is a preferred venue for many an event.

Facilities at MLR convention center:

Auditorium: seating capacity of 480 people

( deep thrust stage, modern green rooms, sophisticated data- projection equipment, state of art acoustics and
lighting facilities, professional sound system.)

Pre function area: 300 people (floating crowd)

Banquet hall: capacity 500 people (floating crowd)

Open air spaces: 700 people (floating crowd)

Conference room: 30 people

Board room: 10 people

Accommodation: 10 deluxe guest rooms and 2 suites

ACTIVITIES:

Auditorium:

 Deep thrust stage

 2 modern green rooms
 Stage dimensions (40 ft. x 30 ft. x 11.6 ft.)
 Seating capacity of 480 people at 2 levels.

Conference room:

 Capacity of up to 30 people.

Board room:

School of Architecture, GITAM university, Visakhapatnam 54

 Capacity up to 10 people.

Pre function area:

 Capacity up to 300 people (floating crowd)

Banquet hall:

 Capacity up to 500 people.

Accommodation:

 10 deluxe guest rooms

 2 suites.

Site plan:

Figure 36 Site plan of MLR convention centre

School of Architecture, GITAM university, Visakhapatnam 55

Site area statement:

As per case study

Plot plan – 1.6 acre (100%).

Green belt – 1.5 M.

Setbacks – minimum on all sides.

Open area – 0.7 acre (43.75%).

Built up area – 0.9 acre (56.25%).

Parking – 100 cars/100 scooters.

Merits:

1. Providing water – body in front of the building people will get fresh atmosphere.
2. Having indoor and outdoor party areas to have events as per timing.

Demerits:

1. Car has to take 2 circular drives to get into cellar

2. Same entry for visitors and services
3. All round drive way is not provided

Provided parking area- 61.2% of buildup area of total build up area

Area of parking is 3990.1 sq.m

School of Architecture, GITAM university, Visakhapatnam 56

Ground floor plan:

Figure 37 Ground floor of MLR convention centre

Comments from users:

1. Color combinations of the interiors is pleasant

2. Some of the areas has been exposed to concrete of no plastering
3. Maximum spaces covered for the required area.

School of Architecture, GITAM university, Visakhapatnam 57

Mezzanine floor plan:

Figure 38 Mezzanine floor of MLR convention centre

Comments from users:

1. Administrative department has been utilized privacy

2. Visitors will not get idea of space of administration
3. Management will observe the pre function area
4. There is no disturbance of function of administration and private people.

School of Architecture, GITAM university, Visakhapatnam 58

First floor plan:

Figure 39 First floor of MLR convention centre

Comments from users:

1. Arrangement of cafeteria and auditorium will act common activity

2. Staircase activity gives the access to balcony
3. Designing of fire escape staircase has been well designed.

School of Architecture, GITAM university, Visakhapatnam 59

Second floor plan:

Figure 40 Second floor of MLR convention centre

Comments from users:

1. Corridor space is ventilated to open to sky.

2. Space in rooms has been utilized in minimum dimensions
3. Access of fire stair is provided to end of the corridor.

School of Architecture, GITAM university, Visakhapatnam 60

Sections:

Figure 41 Sections of MLR convention centre

School of Architecture, GITAM university, Visakhapatnam 61

Basement parking:

Figure 42 Basement floor of MLR convention centre

Services:

1. Fire box is installed near to staircase, lobby etc.

2. There are 2 fire escape stair case
3. A/C ducts, pipeline ducts are given in the hallow portion of concrete columns
4. These is a separate storage for garbage
5. There is a gas storage at the back of the building.

Comments from users:

1. Utilizing the spaces between the columns

2. Creating false ceiling with duct expose
3. Hiding lighting positions at auditorium is not objecting to the viewers.

Any architectural form or innovative design:

1. Idea of pavilion complementing the nature of the program/temporal.

School of Architecture, GITAM university, Visakhapatnam 62

2. Two major components, the banquet hall and the Auditorium blocked
3. Need for identity for each of these spaces encourages us to move the auditorium to the higher level, the
ground is now occupied by multifunctional space allowing it to expand in either directions. The same holds
good for the auditorium at upper level.
4. Guest room’s facility is taken to the upper most level, which acts as a cover over the
lounge/multifunctional space complementing the auditorium.
5. The structure/pavilion is interpreted as portals suspending and supporting these volumes expressing the
intended lightness.
6. The skin defines spaces for services, lounges etc. and also becomes an integral part of the proceedings.
The skin and structures accommodate lighting, symbolic of congregational activities and celebrations.

Figure 43 Architectural Forms

Merits:

1. Overall the arrangement of spaces has been designed in different levels.

2. Services has been arranged privacy to the public.

School of Architecture, GITAM university, Visakhapatnam 63

3. For the space utilizing chiller and other services provided on roof.

De-merits:

1. Parking space is sufficient but arrangement of cars not well.

2. Only one firefighting staircase provided
3. Only one internal staircase provided width is 1.0 m only
4. Provided 2 (8 members) passenger lifts only
5. Cafeteria is open. No protection with rain, wind and sun.
6. Kitchen is to small
7. Entry exit of cellar floor of car parking is very narrow 3 meter only
8. Lobby or entry foyer is no protection of rain

School of Architecture, GITAM university, Visakhapatnam 64

3.3 Vancouver Convention Center (west), Canada.
Address: 1055 Canada Pl, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.

Owner: BC Pavilion Corporation

Opened: 2009

Architect: LMN Architects, Seattle.

Introduction:

The Vancouver Convention Centre is one of Canada’s largest convention centers. It has a 6-acre “living roof”
which is the largest in Canada the Vancouver Convention Center expansion is a 100,000 sq.m. Project that
achieved Leadership in Energy and Environmental (LEED) Platinum certification.

Figure 44 Aerial view of the iconic convention centre

Intent of the study:

 Aesthetics and design of the building

 Design features of the building
 Incorporation of the living green roof system in the building
 Areas of the various components: it will help to figure out the area that should be allotted for each of the
requirements.

School of Architecture, GITAM university, Visakhapatnam 65

Aesthetics of the building:

 Situated on Vancouver’s waterfront, the Vancouver Convention Center west is designed to bring together
the natural ecology, vibrant local culture, and built environment, accentuating their interrelationships through
the architecture.
 The desire to maintain view corridors from the downtown care limited the overall building height, and has
given the project a horizontal emphasis.
 Shallow, sloping roof plans supporting on extensive green roof create an architectural landform that is
both an appropriate visual connection between the city and its natural context, and a reflection of local ecology
and cultural values.
 The use of glass enhances the waterfront development provides spectacular views of mountains, ocean
and parks.
 The design approach creates a community experience that is simultaneously a building, an urban place,
and an ecosystem.
 The project is a result of a topography of the region, and they help the building behind into the waterfront.

Figure 45 Folded landscape of VCC

School of Architecture, GITAM university, Visakhapatnam 66

Design features of the building

The central design challenge was to create and integrate a 22-acre development program at the intersection of
the urban realm and the marine habitat. Each environmental interface is carefully considered, roughly grouped
into a land-scape habitat, a marine habitat, and a human habitat.

Landscape Habitat:

•One of the most spectacular green features of the building is its six-acre living roof (the largest in North
America).

•Since the building functions as an extension of the park system, acting as a link in the continuous waterfront
ring of green spaces, this feature completely fits with the objective of the building.

•It is home to an impressive 400,000 indigenous plants as well as several hives of bees.

Figure 46 Depiction of the varied landscape habitat as an extension of the park system
Human Habitat:

•The distinctive form of the Convention Centre took shape in response to interior requirements as well as to
outside influences.

•It accommodates a variety of programmatic functions, including one million sq. ft. of convention space (with
exterior plazas and walkways, a ballroom, meeting rooms, and exhibition space), 90,000 ft2 of retail space, and
parking.

School of Architecture, GITAM university, Visakhapatnam 67

•To provide continuity between its interior and exterior, the entire building perimeter is glazed.

•This transparent boundary helps tie in the 400,000 sq. ft. of walkways.Bike paths, and open spaces that the
center provides beyond the building envelope.

• Natural ventilation and extensive daylighting not only contribute to the building’s sustainability goals, but
also enhance the user experience.

Figure 47 Photographs representing relationship between the interiors and exteriors of the
building.

School of Architecture, GITAM university, Visakhapatnam 68

The living green roof:

While the project employs a wide range of green strategies, including on-site water treatment, deep seawater
cooling and heating, and a giant skirt de-signed to help restore the local fish habitat, the single most visible
component of the environmental strategy is the building’s living roof.

The Convention Center's 2.4 hectare (6 acre) self-maintaining, regenerating, living roof is the largest green
roof in Canada and presented some unique challenges both in design and construction.

Figure 48 Depiction of the human habitat as an extension of the park system

The role of green roofs:

• A key component of the overall building envelope design, a living roof is comprised of plants, growing
medium, drainage medium, and irrigation system, all of which work together as part of the overall roof system.

• Living roofs provide benefits for both the building and the environment. The buildup of growing medium
and the associated plant layer protect the roof membrane from ultraviolet light degradation and mechanical
damage.

• Water evaporation from the growing medium and transpiration from the plants contribute to the reduction
of building heat gain.

• In addition to these building-related benefits, a living roof can provide significant improvements to storm
water management by detaining runoff and reducing peak flows.

School of Architecture, GITAM university, Visakhapatnam 69

 Figure 49 Depiction of the human habitat as an extension of the park system
Choice for the type of green roof

• With a roof area of 6 acres, the issues of weight, envelop design, storm water management, growing
medium retention on sloping surfaces, irrigation water volumes, and plant types were among the initial
technical problems the team singled out to be resolved.

• In addition, clear spans able to accommodate rooms in the range of 7,400sq.m with the minimum possible
roof structure needed to be carefully considered.

• In order to address these issues, a living roof system similar in nature to Coastal grassland was proposed.
Grassland plants are able to grow in shallow depths of soil, plus endure long periods of drought in the summer
and heavy rain in the winter.

Technical details

• This plant palate can grow in I 5cm of growing medium and enabled the architects to meet the structural
limit for dead load on the roof.

• The living roof overlay comprised of a drain mat/filter cloth

drainage layer over the roof insulation, I 5cm of growing medium,
drainage runnels and a drip irrigation system.

• The largest and most challenging area of the roof's many sloping
planes is 1.5 acres in size. An arrangement of 45cm-wide, rock-filled
aluminum-edged runnels crisscrosses diagonally over the various roof planes directing storm water into a
conventional building drainage system around the roof perimeter.

• The building's piled foundations, and long structural spans meant that considerable attention had to be
paid to avoid overloading of the roof.

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 Figure 50 Details of roof
Area statement:

The West Building is directly adjacent to Canada Place which houses the East Building. The West Building
consists of:

• 20,490 m2 of convention space,

• 440 parking stalls.

• Surrounding the building are 37,000 m2 of walkways and public open spaces.

• A total project area of 14 acres (57,000 m2) of land and 8 acres (32,000 m2) over water.

(a.) Exhibition Level:

• The exhibition level is located below the ground level and is accessible through the escalators and stairs
on the ground level as well as the parking.

• It occupies 1,860 m2of pre-function space and consists of 3 exhibition halls namely A,B and C which are
divisible as per the user need.

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 Figure 51 Exhibition level
Type Capacities Usable area
Theatre Class room Dining (m3)
A 4602 3195 3080 5435
B 4883 3882 3910 6689
C 5988 4635 5190 8361
Table 17 Exhibition level capacities and usable area
• This level occupies an area 20,485 m2 of flexible exhibition space which is divisible into three halls.

• 22 loading bays with dock levelers and ramps are provided for convenient drive-on access for the
exhibition halls.

(b.) Level 1

• This entrance to this level is through a flight of steps and an escalator located in the entrance lobby on the
ground floor.

• This level consists of the ballrooms and the meeting rooms with varying ceiling heights due to the sloping
green roofs.

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 Figure 52 Level 1 plan
Type Capacities Usable area
Theatre Classroom Boardroom (m2)
101/102/103/104 33 18 18 47
105/106/107/108 30 12 18 40
109/110 252 150 52 217
111/112/113 70 36 26 70
114/115/116/117 84 36 26 83
118 216 120 50 194
119/120 98 48 28 96
121/122 120 60 24 121

Type Capacities Usable area

Dining Reception (m2)
A 720 1880 1342
B 720 1880 1405
C 720 1886 1405
D 440 1139 741
Table 18 Level 1 capacities and usable area

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 Figure 53 Flight of steps in the Entrance foyer leading to Level 1

Figure 54 Ramp on the Western entrance leading to the Ground floor

School of Architecture, GITAM university, Visakhapatnam 74

 Figure 55 Ballroom D overlooking the ocean on the northern end
(c.) Level 2

• The level 2 of the Vancouver convention center consists of 24 meeting rooms covering an area of 2,745 m2
and 3,872 m2 of pre function space. The size of meeting room ranges from 70m2 to 706 m2. These room can
be configured as per user needs and have been designed as per theatre, classroom and boardroom style of
seating arrangement.

Figure 56 Level 2 plan

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 Type Capacities Usable area
Theatre Class room Board room (m2)
201 203 102 42 182
202/203/204/205/206/ 99 54 34 97
207/208/209
210 112 75 28 123
211 437 234 68 355
212/213/214 144 72 42 118
215/216 88 45 28 77
217/218/219 96 45 28 77
220 208 120 48 196
221/222 104 60 28 72
223 80 45 28 72
224 285 144 64 150
Table 19 Level 2 capacities and usable area

Figure 57 Pre function area in the front of Meeting rooms

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Figure 58 Fully glazed meeting room 201 with a double height foyer adjoining ballrooms on the
left side

Figure 59 Interior of a meeting room exhibiting room exhibiting classroom style of seating
arrangement

School of Architecture, GITAM university, Visakhapatnam 77

(d.) Level 3

• The level 3 of the Vancouver convention center consists of 6 executive level meeting rooms with
spectacular harbor and mountain views.They cover an area of 818 m2 while the pre function space covers an
area of 546 m2.

• The size of meeting room ranges from 59 m2 to 604 m2. These room can be configured as per user needs
and have been designed as per theatre, classroom and boardroom style of seating arrangement.

• The unique six acre living roof featuring a variety of 400,000 indigenous plants is visible from this level.

• Service elevators are located on each floor with a back of house area to cater the hospitality needs of each
floor.

• Only a pair of escalators provides access to this level.

Figure 60 Level 3 plan

Type Capacities Usable area
Theatre Classroom Board room (m2)
310 456 273 66 387
302/303/304 54 24 26 60
305 46 24 26 59
306 234 120 52 214
Table 20 Level 3 capacities and usable area

School of Architecture, GITAM university, Visakhapatnam 78

Figure 61 Views of the buildings

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Inferences:

• The convention center has been planned in a way that it visually centers the surrounding roads and
buildings; preserves the environment and creates spectacular views of the surrounding landscape.

• The Vancouver Convention Centre West brings together the natural ecology, vibrant local culture, and
built environment.

• With an ultra-clear structural glass skin on all sides, extensive daylight and views set up an extroverted,
community-friendly relationship and maximize the use of natural daylight in the building’s public spaces.

• A six-acre living roof that is the largest in Canada acts as an insulator to mediate the exterior air
temperature, contributes to the building’s storm water utilization, and integrates with the waterfront landscape
ecosystem.

• The Convention Center’s exhibition space is 300*735 ft (90*225 m) with a 90*120-ft (27*36-m)
structural grid, and the building has a maximum clear roof span of 180 ft (55 m).

• As per the various areas provided for each space, the per person are allotted is mention in the following
table

Pre- Ball rooms Meeting rooms

function Dining Reception Theatre Class Board
space
room room
Per person 1.64 1.83 m2 0.70 m2 1.13 m2 1.92 m2 2.90 m2
area
Table 21 Areas of Ballrooms and Meeting rooms

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 Figure 62 Model of the Vancouver convention centre at the Final design stage
Functionality:

• The West Building is a masterpiece of both functional and sustainable design.

• The foyer on the ground floor has been designed in such a way that the users do not feel that they are
caught up in a mechanical space with no character.

• There is no separate entrance for the VIPs. Only 2 pedestrian entrances are provided for on either sides of
the building.

• Large pre function spaces have been provided in front of the meeting rooms as well as the ballrooms.

• Ramp is provided only on the western entrance which is 7-8m wide.

• Extensive use of controlled daylighting has been incorporated very well in all the circulation as well as
pre function spaces.

• The height of the ballroom varies from 10.5m to 16.75m due its sloping nature and has a capability to
accommodate 3000 people in a dining arrangement to 6000 people in a theatre style arrangement.

• Fire exits do not open directly into an open space. 3 fire exits have been provided which lead to level 1 of
the building.

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• The exhibit halls have a capacity to accommodate 12,000 people. It has large column spans to
accommodate maximum clear space.

• The upper convention floors are organized with a central core of flexible meeting and function rooms
supported by service spaces.

• The centrally located kitchen served only the events managed by the Vancouver Convention Center. The
restaurant located on the western deck of the building is served by the food companies who have their own
private stalls.

Figure 63 The Vancouver Centre of night

East convention level:

 Flexible and functional meeting spaces will make your special event successful and memorable.
 The bright, spacious lobby is ideal for event registration, while offering convenient access to function
spaces and the outdoor promenade.

Pre-function

11,018 ft2 (1,024 m2) lobby and registration space, 17,108 ft2 (1,589 m2) delegate concourse Glass-enclosed
with ocean views, Fully-staffed information desk, Box office and coat check, Accessible design, Coal Harbor
Café.

Ballrooms

16,604 ft2 (1,542 m2), Divisible into three ballrooms, Column-free, fully carpeted, Direct access to delegate
concourse.

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Exhibition halls

91,205 ft2 (8,473 m2), Divisible into three halls, Drive-on access through overhead doors, Exhibition Hall A is
fully carpeted, Unique ‘sails’ ceiling in Exhibition Hall B, Direct access to delegate concourse.

Figure 64 Exhition hall plan

Exhibition Capacity Usable area
halls
Theatre Class room Dining Reception (m2)
A 2250 1383 1200 2809 2107
B 4500 2709 216 4792 3594
C 2460 1524 1200 3696 2772
Ball rooms
A 672 357 350 693 521
B 672 357 350 717 539
C 576 306 280 633 482
Table 22 Exhibition level capacities and usable area
Meeting level:

 With an adjoining terrace overlooking the harbor, the Parkview Terrace room is the perfect setting for any
occasion.
 Our pre-function spaces were designed to provide alternative areas for break-out activities or intimate
meetings.
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Pre-function

13,240 ft2 (1,230 m2) of pre-function space, Additional space in South Foyer, Accessible design.

Meeting rooms

24,865 ft2 (2,310 m2) of meeting space, 20 fully serviced and configurable meeting rooms, Sizes range from
500 to 6,500 ft2 (48 to 603 m2), Multi-purpose signature Parkview Terrace features a terrace with mountain
and ocean views, Atrium.

Figure 65 Meeting level plan

Meeting Capacity Usable

rooms area
Theatre Classroom Dining Reception Board (m2)
room
1 302 192 180 421 46 338
2 149 84 90 216 28 152
3 112 66 60 144 28 114
4 41 18 30 60 18 46

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 5,6 40 18 30 60 18 48
7 84 42 50 105 26 79
8 154 102 110 209 34 161
9 98 63 60 124 26 20
10 112 48 60 146 30 116
11 220 120 160 265 36 209
12 147 75 80 163 36 131
13 144 72 90 153 26 116
14 99 54 60 115 22 93
15 94 42 60 120 22 92
16 105 48 60 120 22 92
17 96 51 60 120 28 95
18,19 108 60 60 135 30 30
107 66 33 40 101 18 75
Table 23 Meeting rooms capacities and usable area

School of Architecture, GITAM university, Visakhapatnam 85

 CHAPTER 4: INTRODUCTION TO SITE:
KSIIDC is owning around 413 acres of land adjoining the Bengaluru International Airport. The park will be
developed on BOT basis through the private sector. On behalf of the government and out of this, it is proposed
to develop a Business Park in an area of around 300 acres on BOT basis through the private sector

In 35 acres of prime land along NH 7 and adjacent to Kempegowda International Airport the Government of
Karnataka intends to develop an INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION CENTRE comprising of a main
convention hall of minimum 6000 seating capacity, exhibition halls, food court and related infrastructure in
integrated manner including 3/4/5 star hotels/service apartments etc. Time of introducing this project – 15th
September 2015.

Distances:

• 5 kms from BIA

• 35.5 kms from Bus station.
• 33.9 kms from Rly station.

Abutting road widths:

•West side road – 15 meters service road connecting 30 meters wide NH7 road.
•15 meters of connecting road from airport to site.

Site and site surroundings:

•A South western railway line passing through the site.

•International airport located south to the site.
•National Highway 7 located west to the site.
•Direct airport connectivity to the site.
•Villages to its North and East.

Site topography:

 Site elevation - 882 meters to 910 meters .Natural slope is from South to North. Large deciduous canopy
and minority coconut trees.

Existing land use and in close to vicinity:

•Govt. of India has approved establishment of Airport related SEZ near the International Airport, 22 IT-ITES
Special Economic Zones (SEZ), 1 Bio-tech SEZ in and around Bangalore, while 1 Aerospace SEZ is proposed
to be developed near Devanahalli, which will further boost real estate developments in and around Bangalore.
•Airport is to south side.
•Residential land use is to North and East.

Local climatic analysis:

School of Architecture, GITAM university, Visakhapatnam 86
•Pleasant and equable climate throughout the year.
•The highest temp. Recorded was 39.2 °C and lowest was 7.8 °C
•970 mm of rain annually
•It lies in the seismically stable region
•Wind direction – South west to North east.
•Soil - Red laterite.
•Pollution in vicinity – Less pollution zone
•Noise pollution caused due to Airport near to the site.

Figure 66 Site plan and site section

School of Architecture, GITAM university, Visakhapatnam 87

 Figure 67 Zonning and Landuse of site.

Figure 68 This picture shows Bangalore climate graph and wind speed

School of Architecture, GITAM university, Visakhapatnam 88

S.W.O.T Analysis:

Strength - orientation of site

Weakness - noise pollution due to nearby airport
Opportunities - Business Park
Threats - threats due to future development of airport (if developed).

Design considerations:
1. Movement of air is important
2. Open spaces as much as possible
3. Use of lightweight materials for the walls and roof
4. Insulation for eastern and western walls
5. Windows should be shaded from sun and protected from rain.

School of Architecture, GITAM university, Visakhapatnam 89

 AREA ANALYSIS
REQUIREMENTS STANDARDS CASE CASE DESKTOP FINAL
(per person) STUDY 1 STUDY 2 STUDY DESIGN
AREAS
Reception with 0.8 SQ.M 60 SQ.M 150 SQ.M 1125 SQ.M 300 SQ.M
lobby
Registration center 0.9 SQ.M 8 SQ.M 430 SQ.M 580 SQ.M 500 SQ.M
Convention hall 1.2 SQ.M 120 6500 nil 8000 SQ.M
SQ.M SQ.M
Exhibition hall 1.5 SQ.M 120 nil 20485 6500 SQ.M
SQ.M SQ.M
Meeting rooms 1 SQ.M 4 0 SQ.M 130 SQ.M 217 SQ.M 200 SQ.M
Conference room 3.25 (per seat 40 SQ.M 120 SQ.M 190 SQ.M 180 SQ.M
area)
Ball room 1 SQ.M 30 SQ.M nil 220 SQ.M 190 SQ.M
Auditorium 0.8-1.2 SQ.M 470 nil nil 800 SQ.M
SQ.M
Security kiosk 0.8 SQ.M 10 SQ.M 30 SQ.M 45 SQ.M 35 SQ.M
Toilets
Men 0.5 SQ.M 40 SQ.M 120 SQ.M 200 SQ.M 180 SQ.M
Women 0.6 SQ.M 50 SQ.M 130 SQ.M 250 SQ.M 200 SQ.M
Disabled 1.2 SQ.M 4 SQ.M 20 SQ.M 20 SQ.M 20 SQ.M
Kitchen 1.7 SQ.M 80 SQ.M 415 SQ.M 520 SQ.M 520 SQ.M
Restaurant 1.3 - 1.9 nil nil nil NIL
SQ.M
Café 1.2 SQ.M 40 SQ.M 65 SQ.M nil 120 SQ.M
Bar service 1.8 - 2 SQ.M nil nil 350 SQ.M 250 SQ.M
Event organizer 1 SQ.M 10 SQ.M nil 50 SQ.M 50 SQ.M
Back office 0.9 SQ.M 30 SQ.M 60 SQ.M 120 SQ.M 90 SQ.M
VIP lounge 1.2 SQ.M 15 SQ.M 120 SQ.M nil 120 SQ.M
Interpretation 1.2 SQ.M nil 30 SQ.M nil 30 SQ.M (5
rooms NOS)
Cloak room 0.5 SQ.M nil 50 SQ.M 127 SQ.M 80 SQ.M
Table 24 Area analysis

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CHAPTER 5: DESIGN APPROACH

Figure 69 Visionary thoughts to achieve in design

School of Architecture, GITAM university, Visakhapatnam 91
Figure 70 Site planning and zoning

School of Architecture, GITAM university, Visakhapatnam 92

Figure 71 User identification flow analysis
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Figure 72 Evolution of form assigning function

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Figure 73 Design thoughts and Idea generation

School of Architecture, GITAM university, Visakhapatnam 95

 CHAPTER 6: CONCLUSION
Open functional area, wide corridor, eye catching landscaped elements like shrubs, flowers, trees surround the
enclosed spaces, inviting visitors to taste the essence of Joy.

It is true that the primary function of this project leans towards the place of exploring talents, gatherings, and
exhibitions, but the intermingling indoor and outdoor spaces ensures visitors have a much richer experience
than what one would expect from an exhibition or a convention hall.

Surprise elements pop out from the landscaped area, like a central garden used as a gathering space, lily pond a
place of relaxation, and water fountain blend in harmoniously with the site.

When one visitor visits this center on a work-related event, like convention, exhibition, and auditorium, that
person can experience a lot of other cultures and ideas that are beyond the daily work. Explosure to different
ideologies would widen their vision, broaden their mind and make people less apprehensive of other
communities.

This thesis is a result of many concepts, including the conjoining of natural and man made spaces; designing to
encourage social interaction and also designing an iconic project which captures the essence of the city, but the
primary concept, which is the most important of all, is how we can bring in a chance in an urban society and
make the citizens, not only tolerant, but appreciate each other’s culture.

School of Architecture, GITAM university, Visakhapatnam 96

 REFERENCES
BOOKS

 Metric Handbook Planning and Design data

 National Building Code 2005
 The Architects ‘ Handbook
 Time Saver Standards for Building Types
 Time Saver Standards for Landscape Architecture

WEB REFERENCES
 Bangalore revised bye-laws 2015.

(https://www.google.co.in/url?url=http://www.bbmp.gov.in/documents/10180/504904/Zoning_Regulatio
ns_RMP2015f.pdf/0a916060-b198-4903-b7cd-
d18db7096ebd&rct=j&sa=U&ved=0ahUKEwinsZn_0rPTAhUKPY8KHYxoAQsQFggcMAE&sig2=HLv
4rmYqGVTGtuhhNb6MvA&q=bangalore+bye+laws+2015&usg=AFQjCNH420YYABOyRfTPfrhiuWtq
x4lemg)

School of Architecture, GITAM university, Visakhapatnam 97

 TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Topic: 1
1.2 Abstract: 1
1.3 Project status: 1
1.4 Theme and concept: 1
1.5 Justification for doing this project: 1
1.6 Present scenario and data for particular site: 2
1.7 Aim: 2
1.8 Scope and Objectives: 2
1.9 Limitations: 3
1.10 Methodology: 3
1.11 Case studies: 4
1.12 Design ideas: 4
1.13 Conclusion: 4
CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE STUDY 5
2.1 Introduction 5
2.2 Understanding conventions: 5
2.3 Types of conventions: 5
2.4 Space and user analysis: 6
2.5 Space standards: 8
2.6 Ceiling zone: 33
2.7 Fire protections: 33
2.8 Air conditioning, heating and ventilation: 34
2.9 Circulation: 34
2.10 Ballroom design 34
2.11 Meeting room design: 36
2.12 Space and seating requirements: 36
CHAPTER 3: CASE STUDIES 38
3.1 HYDERABAD INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION CENTRE – HICC 39
3.2 MLR convention Centre, Bangalore: 53
3.3 Vancouver Convention Center (west), Canada. 65
CHAPTER 4: INTRODUCTION TO SITE: 86
CHAPTER 5: DESIGN APPROACH 91
CHAPTER 6: CONCLUSION 96
CHAPTER 7: REFERENCES 97

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 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1 Location map of the site 2

Figure 2 Types of conventions 5
Figure 3 Visual and aural limitations 10
Figure 4 Auditorium Seating 10
Figure 5 Writing surface 11
Figure 6 Seating Geometry 12
Figure 7 Seating Density 13
Figure 8 Sightness of seated audience 13
Figure 9 Seating standards for a conference table 16
Figure 10 Zoning of Galleries 17
Figure 11 Layout concepts 17
Figure 12 Fire exits and clear ways 18
Figure 13 Various area requirements 18
Figure 14 Relationship between major spaces. 19
Figure 15 Circulation and Layout for restaurant 20
Figure 16 Bar circulation dimensions 21
Figure 17 Graph representing area calculation for various zones in kitchen and programmed kitchen function. 22
Figure 18 Conventional kitchen schematic layout with direct meal server. 23
Figure 19 Cross section of an elevator 25
Figure 20 Types of escalator 25
Figure 21 Plan of lift 26
Figure 22 Location of landing in a straight external ramp 27
Figure 23 Floor systems sections 32
Figure 24 Road accessibility of HICC 40
Figure 25 Parking plan of HICC 41
Figure 26 Parking 41
Figure 27 Area analysis 42
Figure 28 Interiors of convention centre 44
Figure 29 Conventions 45
Figure 30 Exhibitions 45
Figure 31 Ground floor plan of HICC 46
Figure 32 First and Second floor of HICC 47
Figure 33 Flexibility 48
Figure 34 Seating styles and arrangements 51
Figure 35 External facade of MLR convention centre 53

School of Architecture, GITAM university, Visakhapatnam 99

Figure 36 Site plan of MLR convention centre 55
Figure 37 Ground floor of MLR convention centre 57
Figure 38 Mezzanine floor of MLR convention centre 58
Figure 39 First floor of MLR convention centre 59
Figure 40 Second floor of MLR convention centre 60
Figure 41 Sections of MLR convention centre 61
Figure 42 Basement floor of MLR convention centre 62
Figure 43 Architectural Forms 63
Figure 44 Aerial view of the iconic convention centre 65
Figure 45 Folded landscape of VCC 66
Figure 46 Depiction of the varied landscape habitat as an extension of the park system 67
Figure 47 Photographs representing relationship between the interiors and exteriors of the building. 68
Figure 48 Depiction of the human habitat as an extension of the park system 69
Figure 49 Depiction of the human habitat as an extension of the park system 70
Figure 50 Details of roof 71
Figure 51 Exhibition level 72
Figure 52 Level 1 plan 73
Figure 53 Flight of steps in the Entrance foyer leading to Level 1 74
Figure 54 Ramp on the Western entrance leading to the Ground floor 74
Figure 55 Ballroom D overlooking the ocean on the northern end 75
Figure 56 Level 2 plan 75
Figure 57 Pre function area in the front of Meeting rooms 76
Figure 58 Fully glazed meeting room 201 with a double height foyer adjoining ballrooms on the left side 77
Figure 59 Interior of a meeting room exhibiting room exhibiting classroom style of seating arrangement 77
Figure 60 Level 3 plan 78
Figure 61 Views of the buildings 79
Figure 62 Model of the Vancouver convention centre at the Final design stage 81
Figure 63 The Vancouver Centre of night 82
Figure 64 Exhition hall plan 83
Figure 65 Meeting level plan 84
Figure 66 Site plan and site section 87
Figure 67 Zonning and Landuse of site. 88
Figure 68 This picture shows Bangalore climate graph and wind speed 88
Figure 69 Visionary thoughts to achieve in design 91
Figure 70 Site planning and zoning 92
Figure 71 User identification flow analysis 93
Figure 72 Evolution of form assigning function 94
Figure 73 Design thoughts and Idea generation 95
School of Architecture, GITAM university, Visakhapatnam 100
 LIST OF TABLES

Table 1 User analysis 8

Table 2 Seating Dimensions 10
Table 3 Means of escape 14
Table 4 Types of seating 15
Table 5 Seating standards for a conference table 16
Table 6 Types of restaurant 19
Table 7 Dimension for bar service 21
Table 8 Toilet facility 21
Table 9 Dimensions of escalator 25
Table 10 Selecting the size of an elevator 27
Table 11 Internal staircase 28
Table 12 Types of parking 30
Table 13 Ramp systems 31
Table 14 Ramp design 31
Table 15 Floor systems 32
Table 16 Spaces per person 37
Table 17 Exhibition level capacities and usable area 72
Table 18 Level 1 capacities and usable area 73
Table 19 Level 2 capacities and usable area 76
Table 20 Level 3 capacities and usable area 78
Table 21 Areas of Ballrooms and Meeting rooms 80
Table 22 Exhibition level capacities and usable area 83
Table 23 Meeting rooms capacities and usable area 85
Table 24 Area analysis 90

School of Architecture, GITAM university, Visakhapatnam 101