MECH 303

Machine Design
Instructor: Cagatay Basdogan

Example Problem: The steel pipe shown in the figure has an inner diameter of 2 cm and outer
diameter of 2.15 cm. If it is subjected to the force F = 80j + 40 k (N), determine the principal
stresses in the pipe at point A and B which are located on the surface of the pipe.

z
F=80j+40k (N)
z

y
12 cm

x
10 cm

A y

x
B
Solution:

Hollow tube:

π  2.15.10 −2 2.0.10 −2 4 
I= ( )4 − ( )  = 2.63.10 −9 m 4
4 2 2 

π  2.15.10 −2 2.0.10 −2 4 
J= ( )4 − ( )  = 5.26.10 −9 m 4
2 2 2 

 2.15.10 −2 2 2.0.10 −2 2 
A = π ( ) −( )  = 4.88.10 −5 m 2
 2 2 

Free-Body Diagram

z
y
V2 My -2
Mx = 80. 10.10 = 8 Nm

A My = 40. 12.10-2 = 4.8 Nm

V1

B T = 80. 12.10-2 = 9.6 Nm

x
Mx V1 = 80 N
Torque
V2 = 40 N

Applied Stresses at Point A:

Normal Stress (Axial Tension):

V2 40
σz = = −5
= 8.2.10 5 Pa (along + z axis)
A 4.88.10
 Normal Stresses (Axial Tension)

σz A σz

A
B
B

z y
x

Normal stress due to the bending moment about the x-axis = 0

Normal stress due to the bending moment about the y-axis:

2.15 − 2
M y ro (4.8) * ( .10 )
σz = = 2 = 1.96.10 7 Pa (along –z axis)
−9
I 2.63.10

z y
x
Normal stresses due to the bending Normal stress distribution
moment about the Y-axis
σz
z

My
z y
A A
B x
B
σz=0
x
Shear stress due to the bending moment about the x-axis
• Shear force (V1) is acting along the positive y-axis. Hence, the shear stress is on the
XY plane and acting in the direction of positive y-axis.
• The shear stress is max along the moment axis. Hence, the shear stress is max at Point
A and zero at Point B.
• Check the ratio of wall thickness to outer radius; (0.075/1.075 = 0.07 < 0.1)

2V1 2 * 80
τ zy = = −5
= 32.8.10 5 Pa (along the + y axis)
A 4.88.10
Shear Stresses Due to Transverse
Loading of V1= 40N
τ y
zy
τyz
τyz A
τzy x

z y
A

B
x

Torsional shear stress:

2.15 * 10 −2
9 .6 * ( )
Tr 2
τ zy = = −9
= 1.96.10 7 Pa (along the –y axis; see the diagram)
J 5.26.10

Torsinal Shear Stresses

z y
τzy x
z y
τyz A

y
τzx B
x
Torque Torque
τxz

B
Total Normal Stress:

σ z = 8.2 *105 − 196 *105 ≈ −187 *105 Pa

Total Shear Stress:

τ zy = 32.8 *105 − 196.105 Pa ≈ −163 *105 Pa

Principal Stresses at Point A:

The principal stresses can be computed as

σ y +σ z σ y −σ z
σ 1, 2 = ± ( ) 2 + (τ zy ) 2
2 2
− 187 *10 − 187 *105 2
5
σ 1, 2 = ± ( ) + (−163 *105 ) 2
2 2
σ 1 = 94.4 *10 Pa
5

σ 2 = −281.4 *105 Pa

σ2 = -281.4 σz = -187 σ1 = 94.4

93.5 93.5
τzy = -163

Applied Stresses at Point B:

Normal Stress (Axial Tension):

V2 40
σz = = −5
= 8.2.10 5 Pa (along + z axis)
A 4.88.10

Normal stress due to the bending moment about the x-axis:

2.15 − 2
(8) * ( .10 )
M r 2
σz = x o = −9
= 3.3.10 7 Pa (along +z axis)
I 2.63.10
 z y
x Normal stress distribution

Normal stresses due to the bending z

moment about the X-axis

σz=0
z y
A B
A y
B
σz
Mx x

Normal stress due to the bending moment about the y-axis = 0

Shear stress due to the bending moment about the x-axis = 0

Torsional shear stress:

2.15 * 10 −2
9 .6 * ( )
Tr 2
τ zx = = = 1.96.10 7 Pa (along the +x axis; see the diagram)
J 5.26.10 −9

Torsinal Shear Stresses

z y
τzy
x
z y
τyz A

y
τzx B
x
Torque
Torque
τxz

B
Total Normal Stress:

σ z = 8.2 *105 + 330 *105 ≈ 338 *105 Pa

Total Shear Stress:

τ zx = 196.105 Pa

Principal Stresses at Point B:

The principal stresses can be computed as

σz +σx σz −σx
σ 1, 2 = ± ( ) 2 + (τ zx ) 2
2 2
338 * 105 338 * 105 2
σ 1, 2 = ± ( ) + (196 * 105 ) 2
2 2
σ 1 = 427.8 *10 Pa
5

σ 2 = −89.8 * 105 Pa

τzx = 196
σ2 = -89.8 σ1 = 427.8
169
169 σz = 338