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Kohonen Self-Organizing Feature Maps - Tutorialspoint

Kohonen self-organizing feature maps (SOM) are a type of neural network that can reduce the dimensions of input data while preserving the topological properties of the input space. SOMs use a neighborhood function to map multi-dimensional input onto a low-dimensional grid in a way that preserves relationships. The algorithm initializes weights and learning rates, then iterates through input vectors to find the best matching unit and update its weights and those of surrounding units until weights stabilize.

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138 views3 pages

Kohonen Self-Organizing Feature Maps - Tutorialspoint

Kohonen self-organizing feature maps (SOM) are a type of neural network that can reduce the dimensions of input data while preserving the topological properties of the input space. SOMs use a neighborhood function to map multi-dimensional input onto a low-dimensional grid in a way that preserves relationships. The algorithm initializes weights and learning rates, then iterates through input vectors to find the best matching unit and update its weights and those of surrounding units until weights stabilize.

Uploaded by

prabhuraaj101
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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5/17/2020 Kohonen Self-Organizing Feature Maps - Tutorialspoint

Kohonen Self-Organizing Feature Maps

Suppose we have some pattern of arbitrary dimensions, however, we need them in one dimension or
two dimensions. Then the process of feature mapping would be very useful to convert the wide pattern
space into a typical feature space. Now, the question arises why do we require self-organizing feature
map? The reason is, along with the capability to convert the arbitrary dimensions into 1-D or 2-D, it
must also have the ability to preserve the neighbor topology.

Neighbor Topologies in Kohonen SOM


There can be various topologies, however the following two topologies are used the most −

Rectangular Grid Topology

This topology has 24 nodes in the distance-2 grid, 16 nodes in the distance-1 grid, and 8 nodes in the
distance-0 grid, which means the difference between each rectangular grid is 8 nodes. The winning
unit is indicated by #.

Hexagonal Grid Topology

This topology has 18 nodes in the distance-2 grid, 12 nodes in the distance-1 grid, and 6 nodes in the
distance-0 grid, which means the difference between each rectangular grid is 6 nodes. The winning
unit is indicated by #.

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5/17/2020 Kohonen Self-Organizing Feature Maps - Tutorialspoint

Architecture

The architecture of KSOM is similar to that of the competitive network. With the help of neighborhood
schemes, discussed earlier, the training can take place over the extended region of the network.

Algorithm for training

Step 1 − Initialize the weights, the learning rate α and the neighborhood topological scheme.

Step 2 − Continue step 3-9, when the stopping condition is not true.

Step 3 − Continue step 4-6 for every input vector x.


Step 4 − Calculate Square of Euclidean Distance for j = 1 to m

n
n m
m

2
2
D
D((j
j)) =
= ∑
∑∑∑(
(xxii −
− w
wiijj )
)

i
i==1
1 j
j==1
1

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5/17/2020 Kohonen Self-Organizing Feature Maps - Tutorialspoint

Step 5 − Obtain the winning unit J where D j


j is minimum.

Step 6 − Calculate the new weight of the winning unit by the following relation −

w
wiijj (
(nne
eww)
) =
= w
wiijj (
(oolld
d)) +
+ α
α[[x
xii −
− w
wiijj (
(oolld
d))]]

Step 7 − Update the learning rate α by the following relation −

α
α((t
t +
+ 1
1)) =
= 0.5
0.5ααt
t

Step 8 − Reduce the radius of topological scheme.

Step 9 − Check for the stopping condition for the network.

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