Digital Image processing

Fundamental Steps of Digital Image Processing

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Fundamental Steps of Digital Image Processing

There are some fundamental steps but as they are fundamental, all these steps
may have sub-steps. The fundamental steps are described below with a neat
diagram.

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Fundamental Steps of Digital Image Processing

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1. Image Acquisition
This is the first step or process of the fundamental steps of digital image
processing. Image acquisition could be as simple as being given an image
that is already in digital form. Generally, the image acquisition stage
involves pre-processing, such as scaling etc.

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1. Image Acquisition

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2. Image Enhancement
The aim of image enhancement is to improve the interpretability or
perception of information in images for human viewers, or to provide
`better' input for other automated image processing techniques. Such as,
changing brightness & contrast etc.

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2. Image Enhancement

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3. Image Restoration:
Image restoration is an area that also deals with improving the appearance
of an image. However, unlike enhancement, which is subjective, image
restoration is objective, in the sense that restoration techniques tend to be
based on mathematical or probabilistic models of image degradation.

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3. Image Restoration:

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4. Color Image Processing
Color image processing is an area that has been gaining its importance
because of the significant increase in the use of digital images over the
Internet. This may include color modeling and processing in a digital
domain etc.

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4. Color Image Processing

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5. Wavelets and Multi-Resolution
Processing
Wavelets are the foundation for representing images in various degrees of
resolution. Images subdivision successively into smaller regions for data
compression and for pyramidal representation.

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5. Wavelets and Multi-Resolution
Processing

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6. Compression
Compression deals with techniques for reducing the storage required to
save an image or the bandwidth to transmit it. Particularly in the uses of
internet it is very much necessary to compress data.

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6. Compression

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7. Morphological Processing
Morphological processing deals with tools for extracting image
components that are useful in the representation and description of shape.

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7. Morphological Processing

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8. Segmentation
Segmentation procedures partition an image into its constituent parts or
objects. In general, autonomous segmentation is one of the most difficult
tasks in digital image processing. A rugged segmentation procedure brings
the process a long way toward successful solution of imaging problems
that require objects to be identified individually.

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8. Segmentation

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9. Representation and Description
Representation and description almost always follow the output of a
segmentation stage, which usually is raw pixel data, constituting either the
boundary of a region or all the points in the region itself. Choosing a
representation is only part of the solution for transforming raw data into a
form suitable for subsequent computer processing. Description deals with
extracting attributes that result in some quantitative information of
interest or are basic for differentiating one class of objects from another.

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9. Representation and Description

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10. Object recognition
Recognition is the process that assigns a label, such as, “vehicle” to an
object based on its descriptors.

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10. Object recognition

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11. Knowledge Base
Knowledge may be as simple as detailing regions of an image where the
information of interest is known to be located, thus limiting the search that
has to be conducted in seeking that information. The knowledge base also
can be quite complex, such as an interrelated list of all major possible
defects in a materials inspection problem or an image database containing
high-resolution satellite images of a region in connection with change-
detection applications.

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END

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