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Research Methodology and Proposal Formulation: Abhi Harpal

This document summarizes a research article about employment outcomes along the rural-urban gradation in India. As people migrate from rural to urban areas, the boundaries between rural and urban are blurring. Employment in rural areas is shifting from primarily agriculture to more non-farm jobs. The share of employment in agriculture decreases significantly in large urban areas with populations over 1 million, while non-farm employment increases. The availability of regular wage jobs increases moving from rural to urban areas for both males and females. The document also discusses declining female labor force participation in rural India and how suitable job types can impact this.

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Abhi Harpal
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38 views

Research Methodology and Proposal Formulation: Abhi Harpal

This document summarizes a research article about employment outcomes along the rural-urban gradation in India. As people migrate from rural to urban areas, the boundaries between rural and urban are blurring. Employment in rural areas is shifting from primarily agriculture to more non-farm jobs. The share of employment in agriculture decreases significantly in large urban areas with populations over 1 million, while non-farm employment increases. The availability of regular wage jobs increases moving from rural to urban areas for both males and females. The document also discusses declining female labor force participation in rural India and how suitable job types can impact this.

Uploaded by

Abhi Harpal
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND

PROPOSAL FORMULATION
SUMMARY

Abhi Harpal
16bpl015
Employment Outcomes along the Rural–Urban Gradation
Urmila Chatterjee, Rinku Murgai, Martín Rama

This article has main focus on the economy that is transforming rapidly, both economically
and spatially. People are migrating from rural to urban. So, they are not capable to live in
the city, mostly they stay in the periphery area of the city. And many time cities are growing
so rapidly so its merge with the around rural areas. So, there is no clear boundary of urban
and rural area. People are moving from primary sector to secondary and tertiary sector. As
per graph between 1993–94 and 2004–05, rural non-farm employment grew about four
times as fast as farm employment. After that another point which is covered in this article is
employment outcomes along the rural urban gradation. Availability of regular wage jobs
increases along the rural–urban gradation, for both males and females. Agriculture is the
main source for the livelihood in the villages. As per table of Employment Share in urban
cities which have more then million population the share of employment in farm is very less
compare to rural areas. And in these cities employment in non-farm sector is very high
compare to rural area. These patterns in sectors of employment are also reflected in the
types of jobs on offer in different locations. Availability of regular wage jobs increases along
the rural–urban gradation, for both males and females. Residential areas along the rural –
urban gradation may differ from infrastructure and schools to amenities in many important
respects. Female labour force participation has declined in rural India. It means there will
be fewer women contributing to household income over time as more women become
urban and fewer women are working in rural areas. In a traditional society, women's work
outside the home is acceptable if it takes place in environments perceived as safe and
allows for flexibility for multi-tasking. From this perspective, female LFPR can be expected
to depend on the availability of suitable jobs such as farming. This paper has also developed
a novel approach to capture the structure of employment at the village or town level, along
seven ranks in the rural-urban gradation. It also takes into account the possible
misclassification of urban areas as rural, as a result of survey instruments lagging behind
India’s rapid urbanization process.

This article is more related to planning research. There are so many topics related to
planning like people are migrating form rural to urban. Female work participation rate can
be also research topic. Other census topics like Primary, secondary and tertiary sector,
census town, statutory town, etc. The topic related to employment contribution of female
and male in the rural area and urban area can be also research topic. One another topic can
be also on the boundary of the rural and urban as urban is increasing rapidly so as a
planner, we should think about it.

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