Large Fragment Locking Compression Plate (LCP) : Technique Guide
Large Fragment Locking Compression Plate (LCP) : Technique Guide
TECHNIQUE GUIDE
Indications
The Synthes Locking Compression Plates — Narrow and Broad, are intended for fixation of
various long bones, such as the humerus, femur and tibia. They are also for use in fixation
of periprosthetic fractures, osteopenic bone, and nonunions or malunions.
The Synthes Locking Compression Plates — T-Plates are intended to buttress metaphyseal
fractures of the proximal humerus, medial tibial plateau and distal tibia. They are also for
use in fixation of osteopenic bone and fixation of nonunions and malunions.
The Synthes LCP Proximal Tibia Plate is intended for treatment of non-unions, malunions,
and fractures of the proximal tibia, including simple, comminuted, lateral wedge, depression,
medial wedge, bicondylar, combinations of lateral wedge and depression, periprosthetic,
and fractures with associated shaft fractures.
1. Thomas P. Rüedi, et al, ed., AO Principals of Fracture Management, New York: Thieme, 2000.
AO Principles
Anatomic
Reduction
Exact screw placement
utilizing wire sleeves
facilitates restoration
of the articular surface. Early
Mobilization
Plate features combined
with AO technique create
an environment for bone
healing, expediting a
return to optimal function.
Stable Fixation
Locking screws create
a fixed-angle construct,
providing angular
stability.
Preservation of
Blood Supply
Tapered end for
submuscular plate
insertion, improving
tissue viability.
Limited–contact plate
design reduces plate-
to-bone contact,
minimizing vascular
trauma.
1
Features
Locking Compression Plates
The Locking Compression Plates (LCP) have
these LC-DCP features:
• 50° of longitudinal screw angulation
• 14° of transverse screw angulation 224.591
• Uniform hole spacing
• Load (compression) and neutral screw positions
2
4.0 mm and 5.0 mm Locking Screws, self-tapping,
with StarDrive recess
The locking screws mate with the threaded portion of the
Combi holes to form a fixed-angle construct.
Self-tapping
flutes
Locking
threads
mate with
the plates
Cortical thread
profile
StarDrive
recess
3
Features (continued)
Unicortical Screw Fixation
Bicortical screw fixation has long been the traditional method of compressing a plate to the bone
where friction between the plate and the bone maintains stability. Screw stability and load transfer
are accomplished at two points along the screw: the near and far cortices.
Unicortical locking screws provide stability and load transfer only at the near cortex due to
the threaded connection between the plate and the screw. Screw stability and load transfer are
accomplished at two points along the screw: the screw head and near cortex. Because the screw
is locked to the plate, fixation does not rely solely on the pullout strength of the screw or on
maintaining friction between the plate and the bone.
A. Bicortical screws require two (2) cortices to achieve stability
B. Unicortical screws utilize the locked screw head and the near cortex to achieve stability
A B
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Implants for the Large Fragment LCP System
224.591 226.591
226.622
240.161
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Featured Instruments for the
Large Fragment LCP System
3.2 mm Threaded Drill Guide [312.445] 4.3 mm Threaded Drill Guide [312.449]
Centers and permits perpendicular drilling Centers and permits perpendicular drilling
with the 3.2 mm Drill Bit and protects the with the 4.3 mm Drill Bit and protects the
soft tissue. The use of the drill guide is critical soft tissue. The use of the drill guide is critical
to ensure proper mating of the locking screw to ensure proper mating of the locking screw
in the threaded portion of the Combi hole. in the threaded portion of the Combi hole.
The drill guide also has internal threads so The drill guide also has internal threads so
guides can be assembled in series to increase guides can be assembled in series to increase
length for percutaneous use. length for percutaneous use.
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2.0 mm Wire Sleeve [323.046] Direct Measuring Device [323.021]
Mates with either threaded drill guide and Used over the 2.0 mm guide wire (with
is used to direct the insertion of a 2.0 mm either threaded drill guide and the wire
guide wire. sleeve) to measure for screw length.
Also Available
Torque Limiting Attachment (TLA), 4.0 Nm [511.771]
for use with the ComPact Air Drive/Power Drive
Handle, quick coupling, for
ComPact Air Drive connection [397.705]
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Fixation Principles
The following examples show the biomechanical features of conventional plating techniques,
locked or bridge plating techniques, and a combination of both.
Important note:
Please refer also to the AO Principles of Fracture Management,2 to AO ASIF courses
(www.ao-asif.ch), and to the corresponding special literature.
Conventional Plating
F3 F2
Construct stability
F1 F2 The tensile force (F1) originating from tightening the screws
F4 F4
compresses the plate onto the bone (F2). The developing
frictional force (F3) between the plate and the bone leads to
stable plate fixation. To ensure construct stability, the frictional
force must be greater than the patient load (F4).
Lag screw
Interfragmentary compression is accomplished with a lag screw.
This is particularly important in intra-articular fractures which
require a precise reduction of the joint surfaces. Lag screws can
be angled in the plate hole, allowing placement of the screw
perpendicular to the fracture line.
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Blood supply to the bone
Construct stability depends upon compressing
the plate to the bone. Therefore, the periosteum
is compressed under the plate, reducing or even
interrupting blood supply to the bone. The result
is delayed bone healing due to temporary
osteoporosis underneath the plate.
Osteoporosis
Due to a compromised cortical structure, screws cannot be tightened sufficiently
to obtain the compression needed for a stable construct. This may cause loosening
of the screws and loss of stability, and may cause loss of reduction.
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Fixation Principles (continued)
Locked Plating
Screws lock to the plate, forming a fixed-angle construct.
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The Locking Compression Plate (LCP)
Dynamic compression
In this example, once the metaphyseal fragment has been
fixed with locking screws, the fracture can be dynamically
compressed using a conventional screw in the DCU portion
of the Combi hole.
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Screw Selection Information
The 4.0 mm and 5.0 mm Locking Screws are both Chart 1*
suitable for diaphyseal and metaphyseal indications. Comparative Bending and Shear Strength of Locking Screws
Relative to 4.5 mm Cortex Screws
The 5.0 mm Locking Screw was designed as the 300%
Percent
150%
core diameter versus the 4.4 mm core diameter of the
5.0 mm Locking Screw, was developed to provide the 100%
Screw Type
Test Setup
Chart 2* Chart 3*
3
Locked Plate and Screw Testing (15 lb/ft foam) Locked Plate and Screw Testing (40 lb/ft3 foam)
600 800
● ■ ●
● ●
● ■ 700 ● ▲
■
500 ■ ■
● ●
■ ■ ▲
◆
◆
◆
600 ● ■ ▲
●
400 ■ ◆ ▲
■
500
Load (N)
▲
Load (N)
◆
300 400
● 5.0 mm locking bicortical, 3 ea. ● 5.0 mm locking bicortical, 3 ea.
■ 4.0 mm locking bicortical, 3 ea. 300 ■ 4.0 mm locking bicortical, 3 ea.
200 ◆ 4.5 mm cortex, 2 ea. and ▲ 4.5 mm cortex, 2 ea. and
4.0 mm locking bicortical, 1 ea. 5.0 mm locking bicortical, 1 ea.
200
4.5 mm cortex, 3 ea. 4.5 mm cortex, 3 ea.
100 4.5 mm cortex, 2 ea. and 4.5 mm cortex, 2 ea. and
5.0 mm locking unicortical, 1 ea. 100 5.0 mm locking unicortical, 1 ea.
4.0 mm locking unicortical, 3 ea. 4.0 mm locking unicortical, 3 ea.
0 ● 0 ●
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Displacement (mm) Displacement (mm)
*Note: Data represents test results from stainless steel implants only.
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Surgical Technique
1 Plate selection
The plates are available in various lengths and configurations
similar to the Synthes Basic Plate Set. If necessary, use a bending
template to determine plate length and configuration.
2 Contouring
Use the current bending instruments to contour the
Locking Compression Plate to the anatomy.
Note: The plate holes have been designed to accept some degree of deformation.
When bending the plate, place the bending irons on two consecutive holes.
This ensures that the threaded holes will not be distorted. Significant distortion
of the locking holes will reduce locking effectiveness.
Important: Please refer also to the AO Principles of Fracture Management,
(pgs. 181,182) 3
3. Ibid.
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Surgical Technique (continued)
4 Screw insertion
Determine whether conventional cortex screws, cancellous bone screws or
locking screws will be used for fixation. A combination of all may be used.
Note: If a combination of cortex, cancellous and locking screws is used,
a conventional screw should be used first to pull the plate to the bone.
Warning: If a locking screw is used first, care should be taken to ensure that
the plate is held securely to the bone to avoid spinning of the plate about the bone
as the locking screw is tightened to the plate.
Neutral position
Dynamic compression
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4 Screw insertion (continued)
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Surgical Technique (continued)
Insertion of 4.0 mm and 5.0 mm Locking Screws (continued)
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Screw placement verification A
Since the direction of a locking screw is determined by plate design, final
screw position may be verified with a guide wire prior to insertion. This
becomes especially important when the plate has been contoured or applied
in metaphyseal regions around joint surfaces.
A With the threaded drill guide in place, thread the 2.0 mm Wire
Sleeve [323.046] into the threaded drill guide until fully seated.
Remove the Direct Measuring Device, guide wire and wire sleeve,
leaving the threaded drill guide intact.
Use the appropriate size drill bit to drill the near cortex. Remove
the threaded drill guide. Insert the appropriate length locking screw.
D
Postoperative treatment
Postoperative treatment with locking compression plates does not differ
from conventional internal fixation procedures.
Implant removal
To remove locking screws, unlock all screws from the plate; then remove
the screws completely from the bone. This prevents simultaneous rotation
of the plate when removing the last locking screw.
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Large Fragment LCP Instrument and Implant Sets,
with 4.0 mm and 5.0 mm Locking Screws
Stainless Steel [115.400]
Titanium [146.400]
Instruments
292.656 2.0 mm Non-Threaded Guide Wire, 230 mm, 314.27 Large Hexagonal Screwdriver
spade point, 10 ea. 319.10 Depth Gauge, for 4.5 mm and 6.5 mm screws
310.19 2.0 mm Drill Bit, 100 mm, quick coupling, 2 ea. 319.39 Sharp Hook
310.31 3.2 mm Drill Bit, 145 mm, quick coupling, 2 ea. 321.12 Articulated Tensioning Device
310.431* 4.3 mm Drill Bit, 180 mm, quick coupling, 321.15 Socket Wrench with universal joint,
for 5.0 mm Locking Screws, 2 ea. 11.0 mm width across flats
310.44 4.5 mm Drill Bit, 145 mm, quick coupling, 2 ea. 323.021* Direct Measuring Device
310.99 Countersink, for 4.5 mm and 6.5 mm screws 323.046* 2.0 mm Wire Sleeve, 2 ea.
311.44 T-Handle with quick coupling 323.46 4.5 mm Universal Drill Guide
311.449* Push-Pull Reduction Device, for use with 324.075* Threaded Plate Holder
4.5 mm LCP plates, 2 ea.
397.706* Handle, for AO Reaming Coupler connection
311.46 Tap, for 4.5 mm screws, 2 ea.
511.774* Torque Limiting Attachment, 4 Nm,
311.66 Tap, for 6.5 mm Cancellous Bone Screws, 2 ea. for AO Reaming Coupler
312.445* 3.2 mm Threaded Drill Guide, 2 ea.
312.449* 4.3 mm Threaded Drill Guide, 4 ea.
Also Available
312.46 4.5 mm/3.2 mm Double Drill Sleeve
312.48 4.5 mm/3.2 mm Insert Drill Sleeve 115.401 Large Fragment LCP Instrument Set
312.67 6.5 mm/3.2 mm Double Drill Sleeve 115.402 Large Fragment LCP Plate Set
314.11 Holding Sleeve 146.402 Large Fragment Titanium LCP Plate Set
314.118* StarDrive Screwdriver, T25, self-retaining, 115.403 Large Fragment LCP Screw Set
245 mm
146.403 Large Fragment Titanium LCP Screw Set
314.119* StarDrive Screwdriver Shaft, T25, self-retaining,
292.652 2.0 mm Threaded Guide Wire
165 mm, for use with Torque Limiting
Attachment (511.771 or 511.774) 397.705* Handle, quick coupling, for ComPact Air
Drive connection
314.15 Large Hexagonal Screwdriver Shaft
511.771* Torque Limiting Attachment, 4 Nm
* LCP-specific instruments
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Large Fragment LCP
Implant Set Graphic Case
Stainless Steel [690.360]
Titanium [690.420]
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Large Fragment LCP Instrument and Implant Sets,
with 4.0 mm and 5.0 mm Locking Screws
Stainless Steel [115.400]
Titanium [146.400] (continued)
Instruments
319.97 Screw Forceps
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SYNTHES (USA)
1302 Wrights Lane East
West Chester, PA 19380
Telephone: (610) 719-5000
To order: (800) 523-0322
Fax: (610) 251-9056
© 2003 SYNTHES (USA) Combi, LCP, DCP, LC-DCP, SYNTHES and ASIF are trademarks of SYNTHES (USA) and SYNTHES AG Chur. Printed in U.S.A. GP2304-C 11/ 05 J4331-D