Horizontal Motion the liquid surface assume an angle   θ   with the horizontal, see figure below.

If a mass of fluid moves horizontally along a straight line at constant  

acceleration  a,

liquid is horizontal at PQ as shown in the figure. When this mass of liquid is

  rotated about a vertical axis at constant angular velocity   ω   radian per second,
For any value of   a,   the angle   θ   can be found by it will assume the surface ABC which is parabolic. Every particle is subjected to
considering a fluid particle of mass m on the surface. The centripetal force or centrifugal force   CF=mω2x   which produces centripetal
forces acting on the particle are the weight   W=mg,   inertia acceleration towards the center of rotation. Other forces that acts are gravity
force or reverse effective force   REF=ma,   and the normal force   W=mg   and normal force   N.
force   N   which is the perpendicular reaction at the surface.  
These three forces are in equilibrium with their force polygon
shown to the right. tanθ=CFW
  tanθ=mω2xmg
From the force triangle tanθ=ω2xg
tanθ=REFW
tanθ=mamg Where   tanθ   is the slope at the surface of
tanθ=ag paraboloid at any distance   x   from the axis of
  rotation.
Inclined Motion  
Consider a mass of fluid being accelerated up an incline a from horizontal. The From Calculus, y’ = slope, thus
horizontal and vertical components of inertia force   REF   would be dydx=tanθ
respectively,   x=mah   and   y=mav. dydx=ω2xg
  dy=ω2gx dx
∫dy=ω2g∫x dx
y=ω2x22g

 
For cylindrical vessel of radius r revolved about its
vertical axis, the height h of paraboloid is
h=ω2r22g

 
Other Formulas
By squared-property of parabola, the relationship of y,
x, h and r is defined by
r2h=x2y
 
From the force triangle above  
tanθ=xW+y Volume of paraboloid of revolution
tanθ=macosαmg+masinα V=12πr2h
tanθ=acosαg+asinα
   
but   acosα=ah   and   asinα=av,   hence Important conversion factor
tanθ=ahg+av
tanθ=ahg±av 1 rpm=130π rad/sec
Use (+) sign for upward motion and (-) sign for downward motion.
   
Vertical Motion Any floating body is subjected by two opposing vertical forces. One is the body's
The figure shown to the right is a mass of liquid moving vertically upward with a weight Wwhich is downward, and the other is the buoyant force BF which is
constant acceleration   a.   The forces acting to a liquid column of depth   h   upward. The weight is acting at the center of gravity G and the buoyant force is
from the surface are weight of the liquid   W=γV,   the inertia force   REF=ma,   acting at the center of buoyancy BO. W and BF are always equal and if these
and the pressure   F=pA  at the bottom of the column. forces are collinear, the body will be in upright position as shown below.
   
ΣFV=0
F=W+REF
pA=γV+ma
pA=γV+ρVa
pA=γV+γgVa
pA=γ(Ah)+γg(Ah)a
p=γh+γgha
p=γh(1+ag)
p=γh(1±ag)
Use (+) sign for upward motion and (-)
sign for downward motion. Also note
that   a   is positive for acceleration and
negative for deceleration.
   
Rotation (Rotating Vessel) The body may tilt from many causes like wind or wave action causing the center
of buoyancy to shift to a new position BO′ as shown below.
 
When at rest, the surface of mass of
 I = moment of inertia of the waterline section of the body
RM = righting moment
OM = overturning moment
 
For rectangular section
MBO=B212D(1+tan2θ2)
 

Archimedes Principle

Any body immersed in a fluid is subjected to an upward force called buoyant

force equal to the weight of the displaced fluid.
   
Point M is the intersection of the axis of the body and the line of action of the BF=γVD
buoyant force, it is called metacenter. If M is above G, BF and W will produce a
righting moment RM which causes the body to return to its neutral position, thus Where
the body is stable. If M is below G, the body becomes unstable because of the BF = buoyant force
overturning moment OM made by Wand BF. If M coincides with G, the body is γ = unit weight of fluid
said to be just stable which simply means critical. The value of righting moment VD = volume of fluid displaced by the body
or overturning moment is given by  
  Buoyant force acting on a body submerged in fluid is merely the resultant of two
RM or OM=Wx=W(MGsinθ) vertical hydrostatic forces. Consider the cylindrical body shown below to have
  some length perpendicular to the drawing. The horizontal components of
The distance MG is called metacentric height. hydrostatic force acting on the body are in equilibrium because the vertical
  projection of the body in opposite sides is the same.
Metacentric height, MG=MBO±GBO  
 
Use (-) if G is above BO and (+) if G is below BO. Note that M is always
above BO.
 
Value of MBO
Assume that the body is rectangular at the top view and measures B by L at the
waterline when in upright position. The moment due to the shifting of the
buoyant force is equal to the moment due to shifting of wedge.
 

 
The upward force   FV1   is the total force exerted by the fluid on the under
surface of the body; the downward force   FV2   is the total force exerted by the
fluid on the upper surface of the body. Since liquid pressure increases by depth,
FV1   is greater than   FV2.   The difference   FV1−FV2   is therefore upward,
and this difference is the buoyant force.
 
For homogeneous body of volume   V   "floating" in a homogeneous liquid at
rest, the volume displaced is
VD=sgbodysgfluidV=γbodyγfluidV
 
BFz=Fs
 
γVD(MBOsinθ)=(γv)s
For a floating body of height   H   and constant
VDMBOsinθ=vs
cross-sectional area parallel to the liquid
MBO=vsVDsinθ
surface, the submerged length   D   is given by
 
D=sgbodysgfluidH=γbodyγfluidH
MBO=[12(12B)(12Btanθ)L](23B)VDsinθ
MBO=112LB3tanθVDsinθ
   
For small value of θ, tanθ≡sinθ and note that 112LB3=I, thus, For a floating body whose cross-sectional area
MBO=IsinθVDsinθ A   is perpendicular to the liquid surface, the
MBO=IVD area submerged is given by
The formula above can be applied to any section.  
 
Where
W = weight of the body
BF = buoyant force
M = metacenter
G = center of gravity of the body
BO = center of buoyancy in upright position  
BO′ = center of buoyancy in tilted position
MG = metacentric height or the distance from M to G As=sgbodysgfluidA=γbodyγfluidA
MBO = distance from M to BO
GBO = distance from G to BO  http://cereview.info/book/theory-structures/03-propped-beam-decreasing-triangular-
v = volume of the wedge either immersion or emersion load-moment-area-method
s = horizontal distance between the center of gravity of the wedges
θ = angle of tilting