ECE 408- Industrial Electronics | Electronic Fuse Box Using SCR

THREE-MODE DOOR ALARM SYSTEM

Manalo, Krisha Collyne, Matira, Yvonne Pauline C., Paglicawan, Caryl S., Vergara,
Maria Laila L.

EE-4101

Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering

Electrical and Computer Engineering Department

Abstract-This paper exhibits the planning and construction of fuse box using SCR. The main goal
of this project is to apply their basic knowledge and background about the application of SCR
through electronic fuse. This experiment show that an SCR can acts as an on-off device. This
study seeks to briefly discuss about its specification and the methods the researchers have
undergone to produce the circuit. This paper is divided into different sections to discuss each
matter specially and briefly.

INTRODUCTION TRIAC is a bidirectional device. From

this, TRIAC is one of the ideal devices
In electronic world, there are many to use in AC applications because of its
applications which can be used in real bidirectional characteristic that can
world. These applications are very control the current flow over both
familiar to us and most of them can be halves of the alternating current.
seen on some of our appliances.
Electronics comprises the sciences and TRIAC has the ability to switch signals
technology which deals with the on both halves of the cycles and with
emission, flow and control of electrons these characteristic, TRIAC is widely
in vacuum and matters. It is a wide used in switching applications.
range area which is used in industries However, TRIAC is limited on low
and many consumers taking it. power applications, for the reason of
non-symmetrical switching
Industrial electronics is a program or characteristics. High power applications
subject prepares the student for create a number of difficulties,
developing, installing, testing and especially with electromagnetic
maintaining the areas of electronics interference.
include AC and DC theories. In this
area, students were instructed in basic The paper focuses on how the sensor for
core competencies which our industries human interaction works with the
are in demand today. combination of the TRIAC as a switch
application for the door signage with an
In order to have a better understanding specific alarm system. When we say
on industrial electronics, this paper light activated switch, it means the
focuses mainly in one (1) of the presence of light, or the intensity of
application of Thyristors which is the incident light such as that of modulated
TRIAC. From the word itself, TRIAC is light beam, determines the opening or
a Triode for alternating current; this is a closing of a circuit. It incorporates with
three terminal semiconductor device for a photoelectric device, such as a
controlling current. It is an effective photocell. Light – activated switch
development of the SCR or the circuit can be used for switching OFF a
Thyristor wherein only able to conduct particular lamp or group of lamps in
current in one direction only, but response to the varying ambient light
ECE 408- Industrial Electronics | Electronic Fuse Box Using SCR

levels. The unit once built can be used pathways are etched or "printed"
for switching OFF a lamp when dawn onto board, connecting different
breaks and switching it ON when dusk components on the PCB, such as
sets in. transistors, resistors, and
integrated circuits. PCBs are
PIR sensors allow you to sense motion, used in both desktop and laptop
almost always used to detect whether a computers. It is mechanically
human has moved in or out of the supports and electrically
sensors range. They are small, connects electronic components
inexpensive, low-power, easy to use and or electrical components using
don't wear out. For that reason they are conductive tracks, pads and
commonly found in appliances and other features etched from one
gadgets used in homes or businesses. or more sheet layers of copper
They are often referred to as PIR, laminated onto and/or between
"Passive Infrared", "Pyro electric", or sheet layers of a non-conductive
"IR motion” sensors. PIRs are basically substrate.
made of a pyro electric sensor (which
you can see above as the round metal
can with a rectangular crystal in the
centre), which can detect levels of
infrared radiation. Everything emits
some low level radiation, and the hotter
something is, the more radiation is
emitted. The sensor in a motion detector
is actually split in two halves. The
reason for that is that we are looking to
detect motion (change) not average IR
levels. The two halves are wired up so
that they cancel each other out. If one
half sees more or less IR radiation than
2. PIR Motion - A passive infrared
the other, the output will swing high or
sensor is an electronic sensor
low.
that measures infrared light
radiating from objects in its field
of view. They are most often
OBJECTIVES used in PIR-based motion
detectors. A passive infrared
Upon considering the Thyristors (PIR) sensor measures infrared
application which is the TRIAC, this light emitted from objects that
project aims the following: generate heat, and
therefore infrared radiation, in
 To apply the principles and its field of view. Crystalline
theories learned in the subject material at the center of a
 To show the application of rectangle on the face of the
thyristor and other electronic sensor detects the infrared
components. radiation.
 To design an effective and
affordable lighting with home
alarm system.

MATERIALS

1. PCB - it is printed circuit board

which is thin made of fiberglass,
composite epoxy, or other
laminate material. Conductive
ECE 408- Industrial Electronics | Electronic Fuse Box Using SCR

3. Cellphone Charger Module -

The module is used for charging
of single lithium battery or
multiple lithium batteries in
parallel and the charging port
can take power from the USB
port.

6. A Relay module - is an
electrically operated switch of
mains voltage. It means that it
can be turned on or off, letting
the current go through or
not. Relays control one electrical
circuit by opening and closing
contacts in another circuit.

4. Buzzer - the simplest sort of

doorbell, an electromagnet is
used to operate a self-
interrupting circuit.

7. AC LED Bulb – A LED

lamp or LED light bulb is
an electric light for use in light
fixtures that produces light
using light-emitting
diode (LED). LED lamps have a
lifespan many times longer than
equivalent incandescent lamps,
5. Triac - The TRIAC is a three and are significantly
terminal semiconductor device more efficient than
for controlling current. It gains most fluorescent lamps, with
its name from the term Triode some LED chips able to emit up
for Alternating Current. to 303 lumens per watt
It is effectively a development of the
SCR or thyristor, but unlike the thyristor
which is only able to conduct in one
direction, the TRIAC is a bidirectional
device.
ECE 408- Industrial Electronics | Electronic Fuse Box Using SCR

8. LDR – known as Light 11. Wires - A wire is a single,

Dependent Resistor which is a usually cylindrical, flexible
component that has a (variable) strand or rod of metal. Wires are
resistance that changes with the used to bear mechanical loads or
light intensity that falls upon it. electricity and
This allows them to be used in telecommunications signals.
light sensing circuits. Wire is commonly formed by
drawing the metal through a hole
in a die or draw plate.

9. Resistors – A resistor is an
electrical component that limits
or regulates the flow of electrical
current in an electronic
circuit. Resistors can also be 12. Bulb Holder – A bulb holder is a
used to provide a specific device that holds a bulb.
voltage for an active device such The bulb holder is where
as a transistor. the bulb fits.

10. Switch – A switch is a small

control for an electrical device 13. Potentiometer - The measuring
which you use to turn the device instrument called
on or off. a potentiometer is essentially a
voltage divider used for
measuring electric potential
(voltage); the component is an
implementation of the same
principle, hence its
name. Potentiometers are
commonly used to control
electrical devices such as
volume controls on audio
equipment.
ECE 408- Industrial Electronics | Electronic Fuse Box Using SCR

16. Capacitor - A capacitor is a

passive two-terminal electronic
14. Fuse - In electronics and component that stores electrical
electrical engineering, a fuse is energy in an electric field. The
an electrical safety device that effect of a capacitor is known as
operates to provide overcurrent capacitance.
protection of an electrical
circuit. Its essential component
is a metal wire or strip that melts
when too much current flows
through it, thereby interrupting
the current.

PROCEDURES FOR PAPER

SUBMISSION
15. DIAC - The DIAC is a full-wave
or bi-directional semiconductor Upon thinking of those possibilities
switch that can be turned on in about robbery, we have come up with
both forward and reverse this project about the combination of
polarities. The DIAC gains its light dimmers with photoelectric sensors
name from the contraction of the and buzzer that detects a person’s
words DIode Alternating motion. In this project, we make some
Current. The DIAC is widely highlights and make a signage on door
used to assist even triggering of which has a two LED bulb. One bulb
a TRIAC when used in AC will light up when the surroundings are
switches. dark and the other bulb will lights as the
sensor detects a motion with the noisy
buzzer.

Do you ever think that with the simple

material, we can make a project which
is helpful and can add to the design on
your door? There are different or
various applications of electronics
which was very helpful to people in this
era. Night light activated door signage is
a simple decoration on door but it has a
ECE 408- Industrial Electronics | Electronic Fuse Box Using SCR

trick once the surrounding is dark, the their basis in making this project
light of the signage will turn on. And possible.
there’s more, once the PIR motion on
the signage detects a motion, the buzzer
will trigger and ring as there are motion
detected. With the noisy alarm of the
buzzer, the light of the signage also
become red like there’s an emergency
happening. This project works in the
principle of TRIAC and some other
components on the electronic world.

In the circuit, we add a potentiometer to

reduce or increase the voltage drops that
the resistor can’t handle. The Figure 1. Circuit Diagram
potentiometer also make the lights not
flicker because it controls the voltage As you can see, the circuit has
across by adjusting it to hundred many components and it has a
percent. Obviously, it is an AC source complicated connection which is
so when there is power brownout, the supported by an AC source. It
system or the project won’t work also. consists of LDR, Module Relay,
and a fuse, AC-DC Converters,
To implement the project, a better mind BJT, TRIAC, LED bulbs and a
blowing is needed to make a right buzzer. The circuit also uses a PIR
circuit using all the materials which is motion which can detect a
available on the market. After it, the movement in a semi-circular sight
circuit should be tested on the along 180 degree.
breadboard connection before doing it
to the PCB. Implement and make sure
that all the connections on the PCB are
correct. Secure the connection using the
soldering iron with the iron leads as the
glue of it. You think it is easy but
soldering iron is difficult. When the
inside components connection are
finished, finalized the project by making
some design that can make your eyes
shutter.

Figure 2. Base of the design

HELPFUL HINTS On the above figure, you can see
plywood with bulb attached on it.
A. Figures and Tables
That thing (plywood) is the base of
This study deals with the design of the design to have a better
a three mode alarm systems using foundation of the components
PIR motion which categorized in inside. The base will be enclosed by
home automation. The system is a cardboard for the protection and
activated by LDR resistor which is the signage.
sensitive to light. The concept of
the LDR is if the light is dimmed
the flow of the resistance is high.

To have a better overview on our

project, below is the circuit diagram
where the proponents used and it is
ECE 408- Industrial Electronics | Electronic Fuse Box Using SCR

B. Abbreviation and Acronyms

AC – Alternating Current

PCB – Printed Circuit Board

TRIAC – Triode for AC

LDR – Light Dependent Resistance

PIR Motion – Passive Infrared

Sensor
Figure 3. Actual Connection on the
PCB DIAC – Diode for AC

The actual circuit design on the LED Bulb – Light-emitting Diode

PCB was shown above. In making Bulb
the circuit, there are many
possibilities that will turn you down
because of the hassle in soldering
an iron lead on the connections. RECOMMENDATIONS
Below will be the glimpse of
connecting the circuit on PCB and There are different kinds of
the testing of the design. thyristor which can be used in many
applications. A thyristor can also be
used in making a concept of light
dimmer and the basic thyristor the
proponents used in this project is
the TRIAC. TRIAC are easy to use
in designing and are very economic
for its high efficiency and low-
costs.

In designing the circuit, it is

advisable to check the materials
needed for the connection before
proceeding in making the output
Figure 4. Connecting the Components
design. This will avoid from
cramming and thinking of the
possibilities of where to find a
replace for the materials you
needed. Make sure to test first the
circuit connection on the
breadboard before trying on the
PCB to know if the circuit is well
designed. As per the main
component, which is the TRIAC,
there are many kinds of it, so use
the best type to use on your
prototype for it make easier and
smooth in running and testing the
connection. Observe how the
Figure 5. Testing
connection reacts when testing to
prevent unnecessary faults once you
make the circuit connection to the
PCB.
ECE 408- Industrial Electronics | Electronic Fuse Box Using SCR

This project design is very helpful infrared radiation into a change in the
because it is recommended for output voltage, and this triggers the
houses and residences and most detection.
especially to the boarding house to
for safety purposes. It will lessen When the sensor detects a human
robbery which actually happening interaction, it sends signal to the relay
on this era. It is one of the problems which causes to activate the lamp and
of those students renting a place the buzzer.
near their school premises.

As experienced by the group

members, prayers worked with the
action of believing to what you’re
doing. But it will not be gratified if
you don’t push a hard work on your
prototype.

DATA AND ANALYSIS

Figure 6. Circuit Diagram
To apply what have learned on the
subject taken, Industrial Electronics, we The picture above is the final circuit
came up to do the application of TRIAC design of the group project. It consists
for it has many uses and most of a TRIAC, buzzer, AC-DC Converter,
economical for today. In this project, we AC source plug, a BJT 2N2222, a
applied a concept of a light dimmer Module Relay, a potentiometer, a two
because that was one of the applications (2) LED Bulb, a fuse, LDR and a
of TRIAC nowadays. We added some resistor. It also has a motion sensor that
highlights like the alarm system and a detects a person’s movement.
motion sensor to make the design
project more convenient and glamorous.

TRIAC is a kind of Thyristor which

capable to use in most AC systems for it
conducts in bidirectional device. The
circuit is activated by LDR resistor
which is sensitive to light. When the
environment is dark, LDR switches, the
concept of the LDR is if the light is
dimmed the flow of the resistance is
high. And for the TRIAC, it will only
work if there is a trigger current that
Figure 7. Implementing Circuit on the
will flow through the gate terminal of
Breadboard
the TRIAC. For the sensor, an
individual PIR sensor detects changes in Above picture is taken while doing the
the amount of infrared radiation circuit first on the breadboard. It is to
impinging upon it, which varies test if the circuit connection will work
depending on the temperature and before applying it to the PCB.
surface characteristics of the objects in
front of the sensor. When an object,
such as a human, passes in front of the
background, such as a wall, the
temperature at that point in the sensor's
field of view will rise from room
temperature to body temperature, and
then back again. The sensor converts the
resulting change in the incoming
ECE 408- Industrial Electronics | Electronic Fuse Box Using SCR

Figure 8. Circuit Diagram on PCB Figure 10. Final Output Design

Above picture is the output design of

the group. It is a Three-Mode Alarm
The connections above in done on PCB, System that works “OFF”, “AUTO” and
but before soldering all the connections, “ON”. It can be manually operated
know the polarity of those components where we can control how the bulb
to be used. Consider the values of the lights under gloomy and bright
TRIAC and resistors to be used of how environment depends upon the user. But
much the other components needed. as this project is an automatically operated
long as you tested the connection on the switch because of the use of LDR that
breadboard first, it will not be difficult detects or dependent on the light of the
to analyze and apply it also on PCB. environment. The project also have a
The only hindrance is the soldering of red bulb that lights when the PIR
the irons on the connection under PCB. motion detected a person’s movement
within the range of the sensor.

From the picture of figure 10, it added

some designs to make it eye catching.
As you will observe it from the design,
you will not recognize it as an alarm
system for door and thinks of it as a
design only without purposes. It is an
AC application whereas said, be
operated manually because of the
switch. It is directly connected to the
220V source, so the circuit connection
Figure 9. Adjusting the Potentiometer should be correctly assemble and design
to prevent faults and damages.
By testing, above picture showed that
we varied the potentiometer value.
When we adjust the potentiomer to zero
(0) percent, the bulb will not light. But SOME COMMON MISTAKES
when it was adjusted to hundred
percent, the bulb will light brightly as The significance of this project is to
shown in the picture above. implement the circuit correctly on the
PCB. Some of the wire is cutting when
connecting so it is better to have extra
careful. The next thing is to not forget to
test all the materials needed on the
design to make it clear that all of those
materials are working and install the
connection first on the breadboard
before heading to the PCB connections.
This act will ensure that there were no
damage and necessary discrepancies.
ECE 408- Industrial Electronics | Electronic Fuse Box Using SCR

Once the circuit is connected to the Also, the group would like to express
PCB, make sure to test again the project their gratitude to their instructor, Engr.
before finalizing the design. Don’t Sarah Tolentino, who gave them an
forget to check the connection of the opportunity to make a project that will
circuit and the foundation of the design help the students to learned and gain
to make a long- lasting outcome. knowledge on the subject taken.

Also, to the parents and relatives of each

and every member of the group who
CONCLUSION supported them throughout the limited
time frame in order to make this project.
This paper shows how the members
applied their basic knowledge in Lastly, to the group members, for their
engaging with how the TRIAC uses in strength and perseverance to learned on
industries. TRIAC is a bidirectional the subject taken by doing this project
device which is capable to use in most with the application of what they have
AC applications because of its high learned on the whole semester. It is not
economic use. As learned and by a waste of time, but it is for the Glory of
applying the principles of Thyristor, the God they gain knowledge and self
group created a work of art with the determination to handle some problems
help of each other’s strength and and faults encountered.
knowledge.

As the project proposed, it is designed

with an AC Voltage Source because it REFERENCES
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ECE 408- Industrial Electronics | Electronic Fuse Box Using SCR

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