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Curve Sketching: Example 1

The document provides 22 examples of functions and their curve sketches. It includes polynomials, rational functions, radical functions, logarithmic functions, trigonometric functions, and composite functions. For each example, it may show steps to find critical points and inflection points to determine the overall shape of the graph.

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Hin Wa Leung
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55 views

Curve Sketching: Example 1

The document provides 22 examples of functions and their curve sketches. It includes polynomials, rational functions, radical functions, logarithmic functions, trigonometric functions, and composite functions. For each example, it may show steps to find critical points and inflection points to determine the overall shape of the graph.

Uploaded by

Hin Wa Leung
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Cambridge Physics PhD Tutor IB DSE IGCSE SAT

UC Math MA, HKU Chemist [email protected]


HKU 1st Hons Engineer 93197825 AP MCAT GCE

Curve Sketching

Example 1 𝒚 = 𝒙𝟑 − 𝟑𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝒙.

𝒙(𝒙𝟐 − 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟐) = 𝟎, ⇒ 𝒙𝟏 = 𝟎, 𝒙𝟐 = 𝟏, 𝒙𝟑 = 𝟐,
𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 > 0, ⇒ 𝑥 (𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 − 2) > 0.
Example 2 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒙𝟐 (𝒙 + 𝟑).
Example 3 𝒚 = (𝒙 + 𝟐)𝟐 (𝒙 − 𝟏).
𝟏
Example 4 𝒚 = .
𝟏+𝒙𝟐
𝒙𝟐 +𝟏
Example 5 𝒇(𝒙) = .
𝒙−𝟏
𝟏
Example 6 𝒇(𝒙) = .
𝟏−𝒙𝟐

1 1 2𝑥
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = ( 2
)′ = − 2 2
⋅ (−2𝑥) = .
1−𝑥 (1 − 𝑥 ) (1 − 𝑥 2 )2

2𝑥
𝑓 ′ (𝑥 ) = 0, ⇒ = 0, ⇒ 𝑥 = 0.
(1 − 𝑥 2 )2
′′
2𝑥 ′
2 + 6𝑥 2
𝑓 (𝑥) = ( ) = .
(1 − 𝑥 2 )2 (1 − 𝑥 2 )3
1
′′
2 + 6𝑥 2 2 + 6𝑥 2 = 0 𝑥2 = −
𝑓 (𝑥) = 0, ⇒ = 0, ⇒ { ,⇒ { 3, ⇒ 𝑥 ∈ ∅.
(1 − 𝑥 2 )3 (1 − 𝑥 2 )3 ≠ 0
𝑥 2 ≠ ±1
𝟏
Example 7 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒙𝟐 + .
𝒙
Example 8 𝒚 = 𝒙𝟑 𝒆𝒙 .
𝒆𝒙
Example 9 𝒇(𝒙) = .
𝒙
𝟏
Example 10 𝒚 = 𝒙𝟐 𝒆𝒙 .
Example 11 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝐱𝐥 𝐧 𝒙.

𝑓(𝑥) = 0, ⇒ 𝑥ln 𝑥 = 0, ⇒ 𝑥 = 1.
1
ln 𝑥 (ln 𝑥)′
𝑙𝑖𝑚 (𝑥ln 𝑥) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑥 = − 𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑥 = 0.
𝑥→0+0 𝑥→0+0 1 𝑥→0+0 1 ′ 𝑥→0+0 1 𝑥→0+0
𝑥 (𝑥 ) − 2
𝑥
𝑓(𝑥) 𝑥 ln 𝑥
𝑘 = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 ln 𝑥 = ∞.
𝑥→∞ 𝑥 𝑥→∞ 𝑥 𝑥→∞

𝑥
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = (xln 𝑥)′ = 𝑥 ′ ⋅ ln 𝑥 + 𝑥 ⋅ (ln 𝑥)′ = ln 𝑥 + = ln 𝑥 + 1.
𝑥
1
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 0, ⇒ ln 𝑥 + 1 = 0, ⇒ ln 𝑥 = −1, ⇒ 𝑥 = .
𝑒

1 1 1 1 1
𝑓𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 𝑓( ) = ln = ⋅ (−1) = − .
𝑒 𝑒 𝑒 𝑒 𝑒
1 1
Hence the minimum point is at(𝑒 , − 𝑒).
𝒙𝟐 −𝟏
Example 12 𝒚 = .
𝒙𝟑
𝟑
Example 13 𝒚 = √𝒙𝟐 (𝒙 + 𝟏).
Example 14 𝒚 = 𝒙𝟐 √𝒙 + 𝟏.
𝒙
Example 15 𝒇(𝒙) = .
𝒙𝟐 −𝟏
(𝒙−𝟏)𝟑
Example 16 𝒚 = .
𝒙𝟐
𝟑
Example 17 𝒚 = √𝒙𝟑 − 𝒙.
Example 18 𝒚 = 𝒙 − √𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏.
Example 19 𝒚 = 𝒙𝟒 − 𝟐𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏.
Example 20 𝒚 = 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐱𝐬𝐢 𝐧 𝟐𝒙.
Example 21 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝟐 𝐚𝐫𝐜𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝒙 + 𝒙.
Example 22 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝐥𝐧 (𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟓).

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