J. Bio. & Env. Sci.

2019

Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences (JBES)

ISSN: 2220-6663 (Print) 2222-3045 (Online)
Vol. 14, No. 1, p. 131-138, 2019
http://www.innspub.net

RESEARCH PAPER OPEN ACCESS

Level of awareness and practices on solid waste management

(SWM) among college students

Perla R Bautista

Cagayan State University, Lasam Campus, Lasam, Cagayan, Philippines

Article published on January 31, 2019

Key words: Solid waste management, Awareness, Practices, Educational management.

Abstract
The earth suffers from many environmental problems which need to be tackled at the individual level,
requiring individuals to develop that awareness which will guide them to become environmentally supportive.
The study endeavored to determine the significant relationship between the level of awareness and practices
among Filipino college students on solid waste management. It employed descriptive correlational research
design with 150 randomly sampled students. Using the adopted standardized survey instrument surfacing the
level of awareness of solid waste management of students and their practices. Gathered data were analyzed
and interpreted using descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings of the study showed that the students
are aware of the solid waste management. Most of them were aware of the policies and management of SWM
but relatively not aware of their roles as students in the implementation of SWM. The students also have good
practices in solid waste management in terms of properly disposing of, recycling, and reusing but moderately
practice proper segregation and reducing. Results of the inferential statistics revealed that the level of
awareness of the students influenced their practices on proper segregation, reduce, and recycling bu t no
influence to their practices on solid waste management in terms of reuse and disposal. Present findings can be
a basis for policy development on SWM implementation in the campus level.
*Corresponding Author: Dr. Perla R. Bautista  [email protected]

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Introduction necessitate collaboration and participation of all

As the world is faced with critical environmental government and non-government institutions. Hence,
problems, educational systems must produce education is an important component of solid waste
environmentally literate citizens who care about the management. Awareness of solid waste management
environment and have sufficient knowledge about will create change in how people look at garbage.
environmental issues to behave responsibly (Tuncer People grew up thinking that garbage is garbage, it
et al., 2009). Human activities, such as the should not be touched or one should not go near to it.
accumulation of waste, destruction of ecosystems, They thought before that all types of garbage should
and depletion of natural resources, have had a just be thrown in one container (Sarino, 2014).
profound effect on the environment (WHO, 2005). Education on the environment is considered the key
to reducing environmental problems. Prevention of
Many environmental issues facing society, such as any kind of human damage to the environment can be
ecosystem collapse, demand considerable public realized by promoting responsible citizenship. As the
investment to reverse. However, this investment will world is faced with critical environmental problems,
only arise if it is supported by the general community, educational systems must produce environmentally
and community support is only likely if the issues are literate citizens who care about the environment and
widely understood (Miller et al. 2006). Sustainability have sufficient knowledge about environmental issues
is a problem all over the world. Moving toward it is a to behave responsibly (Tuncer et al., 2009).
social challenge which is always based in
international, national, and local laws together with It is essential to building good SWM awareness in

proper implementation and planning. Sustainable academic institutions. Abne et al (2017) presented

development can be achieved by embracing the social, literature on SWM in academic institutions were

environmental, and economic pillars through good mainly; (i) focusing on first-year students concerns

governance with an active participation of the towards SWM (Desa et al., 2011); (ii) recycling and

community. It is more on creating a global network in disposal practices of medical sciences students

response to environmental problems along with (Ehrampoush and Moghadam, 2005); and secondary

industrialization and technological innovation students understanding and practices towards SWM

(Morelli, 2011, Subramanyam & Greenfield, 2008,). (Ifegbesan, 2011). In the Philippines there is no study,
in particular, dealing with evaluating students' level
In the Philippines, the Section 55-56 of Republic Act of awareness and practices towards SWM in a
9003 or The Ecological Solid Waste Management Act university, making the present study beneficial.
stipulates that the national government in
Based on the aforementioned discussion the
coordination with Department of Education (DepEd),
researcher felt that these ecological crises are not just
Technical Education and Skills Development
the task of policy-makers, scientists, and
Authority (TESDA); Commission on Higher
environmentalists to find a solution but rather it
Education (CHED) and Philippine Information
involves everyone. Theories and applications are
Agency (PIA), should conduct a continuing education
mostly learned at school. The Campus through the
and information campaign on solid waste
Campus Student Government has organized waste
management and strengthen the integration of
management program committee but the pressing
environmental concerns in school (Paghasian, 2017).
concern of voluminous wastes are continuously
According to Arora and Agarwal (2011), the problems accumulated every week during school days. Hence,
of waste management are predominant in developing this study endeavored to find out the level of
countries without substantial environmental awareness and practices in solid waste management
awareness programs for the community. Processes among college students. Specifically, it aimed to
and methods of waste prevention and management achieve the following: (1) assess the level of awareness

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 J. Bio. & Env. Sci. 2019

on the students; (2) determine their practices on the data gathered was properly kept to ensure its
SWM; (3) ascertain the significant relationship confidentially and were strictly used for research
between the awareness of the college students and purposes only. The elicited quantitative data had
their practices on solid waste management. undergone checking, scoring, analysis, and
interpretation. Every item in the questionnaire was
Materials and methods analyzed and interpreted. The researcher utilized
Method of Research Weighted Mean in order to analyze and interpret the
The study employed descriptive-correlational data that provided an answer to the specific problems
research design investigating the congruity between posed in this study. Through this procedure, the level
the level of awareness and practices of the college of awareness and practices of students on solid waste
students on solid waste management. The management were obtained.
correlational research design is used to relate the
Data Analysis
identified variables in the study.
Descriptive statistics, mean and rank, were used to
describe the gathered data. Inferential statistics such
Participants
as Pearson’s r was used to determine the magnitude
The research participants of the study were the 150
of the relationship between variables. Perception of
college students of one Campus of a State University
the respondents was measured using a five-point
in Region 02, Philippines. They were selected using
Likert scale with its numerical scale, statistical limits
simple random sampling technique. Ethics protocols
and verbal description.
were employed using informed consent. The
participants were requested to answer the informed
For the level of awareness on solid waste
consent form indicating that their willingness to
management, the following is adopted: 4.20-5.00
participate in the study. Students are particularly
(Very Highly Aware); 3.40-4.19 (Highly Aware); 2.60-
targeted since they are regarded as the future of the
3.39 (Aware); 1.8-2.59 (Not Aware); 1.0-1.79 (Very
nation and schools are expected to develop their
Unaware). In like manner, to interpret the data on the
potential as advocates of the sustainable environment
practices of the students along solid waste
(Ahmad et al., 2015).
management, the following was also adopted: 4.20-
5.00 (Always); 3.40-4.19 (Often); 2.60-3.39
Research Instruments
(Sometimes); 1.8-2.59 (Rarely); 1.0-1.79 (Never)
The study used two standardized survey questionnaires.
To assess the level of awareness of the participants on
Results and discussion
the solid waste management questionnaire was adopted
Level of Solid Waste Management Awareness
from Abolucion, et al (2012) was used. Meanwhile, the
As shown in the table, the highest mean of 3.80 fell on
second part of the questionnaire surfaced o the solid
the importance of waste minimization, interpreted as
waste management practices of the students which were
“Highly Aware” indicating that the respondents are
adopted from Cahoy (2013).
mindful and aware that Solid Waste Management
Data Collection Procedure requires waste minimization for environmental
Seeking approval through a formal communication protection and preservation. The study also shows that
letter from the authorities concerned to float the with the least general mean of 2.06, the role of students
questionnaire started the data gathering stage. Upon on solid waste management interpreted "not aware".
informed consent, the researcher ensured proper This shows that most of the students are not aware of
consultation for the schedule of the administration of their roles as actors in the effective implementation of
the questionnaire. Distribution and retrieval were Solid Waste Management. Hence, there is a need for the
personally executed by the researcher. As agreed campus to orient students on their functions and
upon by the concerned authorities and the researcher, responsibilities as the vanguard of the environment.

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 J. Bio. & Env. Sci. 2019

It also showed that with the mean of 3.52 (SD=0.62) practice of properly disposing of. Indicating that the
for policies and guidelines on SWM, 3.60 (SD= 1.01) participants always practice proper disposal by not
for the implementation of SWM, importance and throwing and leaving garbage anywhere, by burning
benefits of SWM to the environment with the mean of waste materials, and by disposing of hazardous/
3.40 (SD= 0.74), and proper discipline on SWM with toxic/ and special wastes properly. The convenient
the mean of 3.76 (SD=0.72) all can be interpreted access to solid waste bins may encourage the practice
that the students are “highly aware”. Moreover, the of reducing, reusing, and recycling (Ivy et al., 2013).
students also assessed themselves "aware" of the
purpose of the management of solid waste Table 2. Practices of Students on Solid Waste
management with the mean of 3.36. Management.
Responses Mean SD Interpretation
Generally, the students are "aware" of the solid waste The practice of
2.88 0.73 Sometimes
Proper Segregation
management as evidenced by the grand mean of 3.35. The practice of
2.63 0.72 Sometimes
This indicates that the students have the fair knowledge Proper Reducing
The practice of
of the concept of solid waste management as a 4.14 0.96 Often
Proper Reusing
mechanism for ecological protection and preservation. The practice of
3.70 0.56 Often
Proper Recycling
This finding is congruent to Paghasian (2017) The practice of
4.28 0.66 Always
confirming that Filipino college students have favorable Proper Disposing
Grand Mean 3.52 Often
knowledge of SWM. Likewise, in the earlier study of
Legend: 4.20-5.00 (Always); 3.40-4.19 (Often); 2.60-
Abne et al (2017) found that the level of awareness,
3.39 (Sometimes); 1.8-2.59 (Rarely); 1.0-1.79 (Never)
perception, and practices of students varied.

Akin to this, the participants also assessed themselves

Table 1. Level of Awareness of Students on Solid
to have "sometimes" practice proper reducing as
Waste Management.
evidenced by the mean of 2.63 (SD=0.72). This means
Responses Mean SD Interpretation that the respondents occasionally practice reducing
Policies and
3.52 0.62 Highly Aware solid waste. It was also revealed that with the
Guidelines of SWM
Implementation of computed mean of 2.88 (SD=0.73) the participants
3.60 1.01 Highly Aware
SWM
Importance and “sometimes” practice proper segregation. This means
benefits of SWM to 3.40 0.74 Highly Aware that they can consider the importance of segregating
the environment
Purpose of the solid wastes. The practice they commonly do is to
Management of 3.36 0.83 Aware segregate biodegradable and non-biodegradable
SWM
Importance of waste for collection.
3.80 1.01 Highly Aware
Waste Minimization
Proper Discipline of
3.76 0.72 Highly Aware The table also displayed the mean of 4.14 (SD=0.96)
SWM
Roles of students on for the practice of proper reusing interpreted as
2.06 0.52 Not Aware
SWM
Grand Mean 3.35 Aware "often". This shows that the respondents have a good
Legend: 4.20-5.00 (Very Highly Aware); 3.40-4.19 practice in solid waste management in terms of reuse.
(Highly Aware); 2.60-3.39 (Aware); 1.8-2.59 (Not A common practice of the students is to reuse
Aware); 1.0-1.79 (Very Unaware) washable food containers and reuse old materials
than purchasing a new one. It also shows that with
Level of Practices on Solid Waste Management the mean of 3.70 (SD=0.56), the participants "often"
Awareness practice proper recycling. This means that the
Table 2 displayed the practices of the participants on students are aware of the importance of recycling
Solid Waste Management. The highest mean of 3. 28 solid waste materials. Part of recycling activity they
(SD= 0.66), interpreted as "always" fell on the do is to make decorative materials from wastes.

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 J. Bio. & Env. Sci. 2019

With the grand mean of 3.52 interpreted “often” Hence, the null hypothesis of the study is also
along the practices of solid waste management, it rejected. This means that if the students have a good
generally disclosed that the respondents observe good knowledge of solid waste management, there is a
practices in terms of proper segregation, proper possibility that they can reduce garbage accordingly.
reducing, proper reusing, recycling and disposing of. Meanwhile, with the computed p-value of 0.001 and
According to Tartiu (2011), findings of community- r-value of 0.533 reveals a significant relationship.
based environmental KAP surveys, such as this study, Hence, the null hypothesis of the study is rejected.
are essential to attain significant improvement in This clearly shows that there is a significant
waste management systems through recycling relationship between the level of awareness of the
schemes or composting, as well on the development students and their practices in terms of proper
and proactive implementation of processes or recycling. This finding shows that if the students are
programs that could address the declining community more aware of solid waste management, the better
awareness on environmental deterioration and the they recycle things out of waste materials.
much needed conservation strategies.
In contrast, the computed p-value of 0.417 and r-value
of 0.067 shows no significant relationship between the
Table 5. The relationship between the level of
variables. Hence, then the null hypothesis of the study
awareness and practices on Solid Waste management.
is rejected. This means that level of awareness among
Practices Interpretation
The practice of the students on solid waste management does not
r 0.293
Proper affect their practice along reuse. This also would mean
p-value 0.000** Significant
Segregation
that the students were not able to internalize the
The practice of r 1.137
Proper Reduce p value .6182** Significant practice of proper reusing. Consequently, no
The practice of r 0.067 relationship was also found between the level of
Proper Reuse p-value 0.417 Not Significant awareness on solid waste management and the practice
The practice of r 0.36
Proper Disposing p-value 0.661 Not Significant on disposal with the computed p-value of 0.661 and r-
The practice of r 0.533 value of 0.36. This indicates that the students have
Proper Recycling p-value 0.001** Significant moderate knowledge of solid waste management but
**= Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed) not able to practice proper disposal.

The relationship between the level of awareness and The significant relationship between awareness and
practices on Solid Waste Management is presented in practices in Solid waste Management can be
Table 5. As manifested in the table, the computed p- confirmed by previous studies, Hasaan, Rahman, &
value of 0.00 and r-value of 0.293 shows that there is a Abdullaha (2010) that there was a significant
significant relationship between the level of awareness relationship between knowledge, awareness,
and practices of students on solid waste management attitudes, and practices to the environment. Hence,
along practice of proper segregation. Hence, the null the integration of knowledge, awareness, and
hypothesis is rejected. It signifies that if the college attitudes were considered important elements in
students are oriented well about the solid waste reshaping the behavior of students towards
management, practically they can practice proper environmental practices. In like manner, Magulod
segregation of waste according to compostable, (2017) findings that environmental awareness is
recyclable, non-recyclable and special waste. associated with environmental attitude. Previous
studies also contradict the relationship between
As also seen in the table, a significant relationship is environmental attitude and knowledge, Alp et al
found on the level of awareness of the students (2008) reported that a sample of elementary students
between their practice of proper reducing with the of Ankara indicated a low level of knowledge, but a
computed p-value of 0.000 and r-value of 1.137. high level of environmental attitude. Consequently,

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 J. Bio. & Env. Sci. 2019

Alp et al. (2006) studied with a sample consisting of faculty and staff of the campus should regularly
students from urban schools and proposed that monitor students’ behaviour towards the program;
environmental knowledge does not have a direct (4) Faculty members are also encouraged to reflect on
influence on responsible environmental behaviors of their practices and methods/approaches in
students but mediated by behavioral intentions and incorporating environmental concepts in teaching to
environmental effect. further strengthen students' awareness and practices
in solid waste management; (5)
Conclusion
The findings of the study that surface that the The Coordinator of Solid Waste Management
students are aware of the solid waste management. Program should lead campaigns and give more
Most of them were aware of the policies and information about proper practices in segregation,
management of SWM but relatively not aware of their reducing and reusing waste materials in order for the
roles as students in the implementation of SWM. The students to have a very good habit on these practices.
students also have good practices in solid waste
Implications for Educational Management
management in terms of properly disposing,
In consonance with the above-cited results of the
recycling, and reusing but moderately practice proper
study show positive implications to educational
segregation and reducing. Results of the inferential
management. The process and methods of waste
statistics revealed that the level of awareness of the
management require strong implementation by any
students influenced their practices on proper
institutions of learning. Keles (2017) opined that
segregation, reduce, and recycling but no influence to
educational institutions should take leadership in the
their practices on solid waste management in terms of
process of building knowledge, skills, awareness,
reuse and disposal.
values and sustainable action to achieve the goal of
On the basis of findings of this study, the Filipino college the sustainable earth in order to make the leaders of
students are mindful and have enough knowledge on future generations conscious and critical thinkers
solid waste management but need proper orientation about environmental sustainability. There is a strong
and education on their roles as actors in the need to capture a greater understanding of the
implementation of solid waste management in the awareness of solid waste management in order for
campus level. They also manifest acceptable behavior in universities to initiate curriculum update and
the proper disposal, recycling, reusing, reducing and interventions particularly to the internal and external
segregation. Finally, there is a positive congruity stakeholders of the academic community. Likewise,
between the awareness of the students and their Magulod (2018) stressed that the quality of the
practices on solid waste management. earth’s environment is dependent on the students
because they are the future leaders and most qualified
Recommendations
individuals in protecting the environment.
Based from the conclusion of the study, the following
recommendations are offered: (1) conduct intensive As an implication of the study to curriculum,
trainings and seminars about Solid Waste curriculum developers and administrators may be
Management among the college students in the initiated to conduct curriculum review and
campus; (2) The Office and Student Services and development in different TEIs in the country to
Welfare through the Campus Student Government strengthen the awareness of students on Solid Waste
should design students activities that will give direct Management and other environmental-related issues.
learning experiences and more information In like manner, the school administration should
particularly the roles of the students on solid waste have information drive/campaign on Solid Waste
management; (3) The Campus-Based Solid Waste Management every General Orientation Programs,
Management committee in coordination with the Convocation Programs and in Homeroom classes to

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 J. Bio. & Env. Sci. 2019

ensure full awareness on the wise disposal of garbage. Arora L, Agarwal S. 2011. Knowledge, Attitude and
Institutions should have an annual plan of action for Practices Regarding Waste Management in Selected
sustaining Solid Waste Management. Hostel Students of University of Rajasthan, Jaipur.
International Journal of Chemical, Environmental,
Labor (2017) confirms that teachers’ integration of and Pharmaceutical Research 2, 40-43.
environmental awareness influences sustainable
development practices. The inclusion of relevant Cahoy AZ. 2013. Level of Awareness and Practices on
topics–with emphasis on proper SWM and other solid Solid Waste Management among Students in Iligan
waste-issues–in the undergraduate curriculum is National High School, Iligan City. Mindanao State

recommended to promote awareness on environmental University–Iligan Institute of Technology. March 2013.

issues and improve the attitude of college students

Desa A, Kadir NBYA, Yusooff F. 2011. A study on
towards environmentally sustainable practices. Hence,
the knowledge, attitudes, awareness status and
development of training module based on the findings
behavior concerning solid waste management.
of this study may be utilized by teachers to strengthen
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environmental education instruction. It is hoped that
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environment-minded and critical thinkers through knowledge, attitude, and practice of Yazd University of
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Hassan A, Rahman N, Abdullah SI. 2010. The
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