8 V May 2020

http://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2020.5122
 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.429
Volume 8 Issue V May 2020- Available at www.ijraset.com

IOT based Accident Prevention and Detection

System using GSM-GPS, Eye blink, and Alcohol
Sensor
Shivani Jadhav1, Sejal Nair2, Seema Vidhrani3, Sukanya Roychowdhury4
1, 2, 3
Fourth Year Students, 4Assistant Professor, INFT Dept. at Vivekanand Education Society Institute of Technology, Chembur
400071, Maharashtra, India

Abstract: Accidents are major issues these days. There are 2 basic reasons: Several accidents occur due to rash driving caused by
drunken drivers. The second kind of accident occurs due to the sleepy-eyed condition of the person driving while driving long
distances in the dark while not taking correct sleep. The eye blink sensor monitors the sleep state of a person and alerts the
driver using a buzzer when an uncommon sleep state is detected. Accidents because of the associate degree alcoholic state of the
person can be controlled and prevented with the assistance of an Alcohol sensing element assembled on a steering wheel.
Accidents may be detected employing a vibration sensing element and a vehicle can be located by a GPS module. Accident alerts
are then sent to the rescue team.
Keywords: Arduino UNO, Eyeblink sensor, Alcohol sensor, GPS, GSM, Accident, Location, Drowsy, Vehicle safety.

I. INTRODUCTION
For reducing accidents, the reasons behind it must be understood. According to the records it is found that many accidents take place
due to rash driving caused by the alcoholic state of drunken drivers. The second type of accident occurs due to the fatigue condition
of the driver while driving a long distance at a stretch or driving at night without taking proper sleep. According to a report
presented by the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways Government of India in 2011, 4.97 lakhs of road mishap have occurred,
which is 1 accident per minute. Out of which 1.42 lakhs of people were found dead. It is also very common where accident victims
do not get any medical help in time because of a lack of accidental information to nearby authority. The situation remains mostly
unattended at night and in the streets where traffic is very low. In some cases, lives could have been saved if the medical team
would have arrived timely. There are also cases where mishap occurs due to crossing a certain speed limit. In this project, all the
major possible conditions have been taken care of.

Table 1: Year-wise mapping of the accident [5]

From the above Table 1, it is observed that road accidents are increasing every year. The details of causes of accidents as given by
Government of India is due to the driver (77%), weather conditions (1%), vehicle condition (2%), pedestrian fault (2%), cyclist fault
(1%), road condition (2%), others (14%). It is also very common where accident victims do not get any medical help in time
because of the lack of accidental information to nearby authorities [6]. Various solutions have been proposed for this problem in
papers [2] to [10], but our system provides an effective and efficient solution to all the above problems.

©IJRASET: All Rights are Reserved 771

 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.429
Volume 8 Issue V May 2020- Available at www.ijraset.com

II. REVIEW OF LITERATURE

A. The paper titled “Real-Time Google Map and Arduino Based Vehicle Tracking System” [2] stated that
This system can incessantly send SMS to the several mobile ranges if the system detects as per program. The magnetic sensing
element notices the space between vehicles when this value crosses the defined value then sends SMS by the usage of Arduino and
GSM modules. A buzzer is also used to alert the driver and another person close and liquid crystal display to bear in mind of the
people inside the vehicle regarding the danger. This will increase the chance to cut back accidents [1].
B. The paper titled “Vehicle Tracking System Using GPS and GSM Technologies” [3] stated that
This system helps to track and determine the position of each automobile adopting GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM as well as
the GSM technology [10]. The motion and the quality of any vehicle can be monitored using the bundled system accordingly. The
interaction between a GSM modem and a GPS receiver is controlled, powered and managed using a microcontroller. Processing of
the instruction is done using an instruction set and acts as an ally between GSM and GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM [3].
C. The paper titled “An IoT Based Accident Prevention & Tracking System for Night Drivers.” [4] stated that
This paper presents an internet-based system entitled ‘Eye Blink and head movement watching System’, which is able to facilitate
drivers to alert in somnolence. This method is predicated on the principle of watching eye movements of the driver unendingly using
an IR sensing element and head movement using an accelerometer. If he/she falls asleep, then an alarm can ring to wake him/her up
[4].
D. The paper titled “Controlled Inducement and Measurement of Drowsiness in a Driving Simulator” [7] stated that
This paper presents briefly the driver’s drowsiness, looking for patterns psychologically and biomechanically that allow
characterizing the somnolence cycle, and detecting its phases with new technologies. Physical signals, eye closure, longitudinal and
lateral control of the vehicle have been recorded in a driving simulator [9]. This paper presents a laboratory experiment conducted
with non-intrusive instrumentation during a driving machine, with a threefold objective: (a) to assemble info of medical speciality
signals, and driving performance parameters, and movements of the eyes and therefore the body, from drivers in each wakeful and
drowsy conditions. (b) Outline a variable supported EEG and PERCLOS, as recommended in the literature, to classify the sleepiness
phases [7].
E. The paper titled “Vehicle Accident Prevent cum Location Monitoring System.” [6] stated that
This paper presents very effective solutions to reduce road accidents and another post of accidental medical help. It provides an eye
blink watching system, accident site locator, alcohol detector and safe distance watch and control system. It detects the somnolence
and provides an alarm signal to the driver. Even after the alarm, the driving condition continues the brake mechanism of the vehicle
is activated and further movement is restricted.

Table 2: Comparison of our system with other systems

Table 2 provides a comparison of various features among our system and other proposed systems. It describes the presence and
absence of different features in other systems and how our system overcomes those drawbacks, providing a complete solution for
accident detection and prevention.

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 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.429
Volume 8 Issue V May 2020- Available at www.ijraset.com

III. PROPOSED SYSTEM

The accident prevention and detection system are used to detect and prevent road accidents. The accidents are caused due to the
drowsy condition of the driver or due to the consumption of alcohol. This system makes use of various sensors and control units,
along with some prevention mechanisms to make the system a complete one.

Fig 1: Block diagram of our system

The process of operating the above block diagram is explained as follows:

This project involves the measuring of eye wink using an IR sensing element. The IR transmitter transmits the infrared rays whereas
the receiver receives the infrared rays back to the sensing element. If the eye is closed then the output of the IR receiver would be 1,
else, the IR receiver output is 0, to grasp whether the eye is in closing or in gap position. The output is provided to Arduino UNO for
alert indication. An associate measuring component placed on the driver’s forehead measures the lean angle of the drivers in all
directions. If the lean angle exceeds a precise threshold range, this output is given to the Arduino to indicate the buzzer. In
conjunction with drowsiness detection, alcohol is also detected which restricts the driver to start the vehicle by an engine locking
system. The location finding system which makes it a complete system for accident detection which makes use of GSM and
GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM systems for location identification and messaging system. The message will be automatically
sent to the registered mobile numbers including the police station and ambulance numbers when a driver meets an accident.

Fig 2: High-level diagram of implementation prototype.

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 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.429
Volume 8 Issue V May 2020- Available at www.ijraset.com

A. Monitoring Eye Movement

We can determine whether he/she is sleeping or not by continuously watching the eye movement of a person. The eye is illuminated
by an IR LED, that is steam-powered by the +5V power supply and also the mirrored light is recorded by an IR photodiode present
inside the sensing element. The IR photodiode converts this reflected light into an associated electrical signal and given to Op-Amp.
The Arduino drives the buzzer according to the output of Op-Amp.

Fig 3: Eyeblink sensor module of our system

B. Alcohol Detection with Engine Locking
Drunken state of the driver is detected using an alcohol sensor which is generally used for the detection of alcohol concentration
from the breath of the person driving the vehicle. It works like a common breath analyzer. It is very sensitive and also can give fast
responses. Based on the alcohol concentration in-breath, the sensor provides an analog output. This sensor consists of SnO2, which
is the most sensitive material. The conductivity of SnO2 is lower in the clean air. So if there is a presence of alcohol in the air, then
the conductivity increases the accident rate. The sensing element will be placed on the steering wheel. This data will be logged and
sent to Arduino which stops the engine according to the allowed threshold value of alcohol concentration.

Fig 4: MQ3 Alcohol sensor of our system

C. Location Identification using GPS
Location identification can be done using the Global positioning system which will be attached to the vehicle. On the detection of an
accident, the GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM will trigger and the current location of the vehicle along with the latitude and
longitude will be sent to the registered mobile numbers. In this way, a person related to the driver will get the message as soon as the
accident happens and can save the person’s life with an immediate rescue.
D. Accident Alert using GSM
Sometimes an accident occurs at a remote location where medical help is not provided within the required amount of time and many
lives are lost. To avoid this, we fixed a transmitter in the vehicle, which continuously sends the signal to the nearest receiver station.
If a sudden accident occurs, the transmitter stops working and the receiver station does not receive any signal. A help message
would be sent to the nearest station with the help of the GSM module. So the accident location can be predicted between two
stations and medical help can be provided as exact locations with longitude and latitude are traced.

Fig 5: GSM 900A module of our system

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 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.429
Volume 8 Issue V May 2020- Available at www.ijraset.com

E. Alerting the Driver

A buzzer is used here to alert the driver if the driver is entering into the drowsy or sleepy state. Thus, this system will make sure that
if accidentally a person sleeps or feels drowsy while driving the vehicle buzzer will ring alerting the driver.

IV. RESULT
The below diagram shows how different sensors such as Eyeblink connected to the glasses and Alcohol sensor are connected to the
main microcontroller.

Fig 6: Our system

Fig 7: Result of IR of our system

Whenever the IR encounters an obstacle, it gives output 1, else gives 0. This demonstrates that whenever the distance between two
vehicles is less than 0.5m it gives 1, so the driver gets the alert.

Fig 8: Result of MQ3

Whenever the sensor detects alcohol, it gives values, above 200 parts per minute, for a distance of 40 cm.

©IJRASET: All Rights are Reserved 775

 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.429
Volume 8 Issue V May 2020- Available at www.ijraset.com

V. CONCLUSION
An effective solution is provided to develop the intelligent system for vehicles which will monitor alcohol consumption
concentration of the driver of the vehicle and will send this data to the base unit, by using a hardware platform consisting of Alcohol
sensor MQ3, Arduino, GSM and GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM module. The system is highly reliable and cost-effective. To
realize the system, all traffic police stations need to install dedicated electronic units. Installation of eye blink sensor and alcohol
sensor has to be made compulsory for each and every vehicle. Adaption of this system will provide safer transportation and would
reduce the increasing number of accidents caused due to the ignorance of drivers. Data collected would be used by government
organizations and can take strict actions on a global level.

VI. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The authors gratefully acknowledge the management of Vivekanand Education Society’s Institute Of Technology, Mumbai for
giving the opportunity and platform for our innovative project work.
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05 Issue: 03 | Mar-2018

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