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03.22.2020 Revised Procedure of Extraction of Acetic Acid

The researchers extracted acetic acid from milkfish scales using liquid-liquid extraction. They sterilized the fish scales using a hot plate and then extracted the acetic acid by adding the scales to a NaOH solution. This formed two layers after separation in a separatory funnel - the lower layer containing the extracted acetic acid. The 22 step procedure involved preparing, sterilizing, and grinding the fish scales, adding them to NaOH, separating the solution into layers in a funnel, and collecting the lower acetic acid layer.

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Rojen Yuri
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89 views2 pages

03.22.2020 Revised Procedure of Extraction of Acetic Acid

The researchers extracted acetic acid from milkfish scales using liquid-liquid extraction. They sterilized the fish scales using a hot plate and then extracted the acetic acid by adding the scales to a NaOH solution. This formed two layers after separation in a separatory funnel - the lower layer containing the extracted acetic acid. The 22 step procedure involved preparing, sterilizing, and grinding the fish scales, adding them to NaOH, separating the solution into layers in a funnel, and collecting the lower acetic acid layer.

Uploaded by

Rojen Yuri
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CHAPTER 3

Methodology

Experimental Procedure for the Extraction of Acetic Acid from Fish Scales via Liquid-
liquid Extraction

The researchers chose Milk fish (Chanos chanos) fish scales as the main raw material for this
research. The sterilization method used to convert crude fish scales into acetic acid was done in a
hot plate as an alternative for autoclave. The method used for the extraction of acetic acid from
the product is liquid-liquid extraction.

Materials and Equipment

 Oven  10 mL Graduated Cylinder


 400 mL Graduated Cylinder  Aluminum Foil
 Spatula  Magnetic stirrer
 Sieve Filter Mesh  100 mL Volumetric Flask
 Wash Bottle  Filter Paper
 Distilled Water  2 M NaOH
 Hot plate  Separatory funnel
 250 mL Graduated Cylinder  Iron Ring Stand

Set up and Procedure

1. Prepare the raw fish scales by washing it thoroughly (to remove all skin residues) with
water at room temperature.
2. Oven dry the fish scales at 70 ˚C overnight (15.5 hours).
3. Grind the fish scales in a blender until it becomes powder.
4. Prepare the sample by pouring 2548 mg crude fish scales with 127.4 mL 2M NaOH in a
250 mL beaker. 
5. Add a magnetic stirrer (to prevent the powder from settling in the bottom and burning
and as well as boil overs) inside the beaker then cover the mouth loosely with an
aluminum foil. 
6. Boil the solution using a hot plate for at least 15 minutes to ensure that it is properly
sterilized.
7. Lower the temperature of the sample until it reaches room temperature.
8. Transfer the solution into a volumetric flask and dilute it to 254.8 mL.
9. In a case where the remaining crude fish scales were not converted, separate the solution
and unconverted crude fish scales by filtration.
10. The separatory funnel is placed in the iron ring stand with the stop cock at the bottom of
the funnel in a closed position. Double check your stop cock before adding liquids to
avoid leakage. Note: The stop cock is closed when the valve is perpendicular to the neck.
11. The liquid is then added through the top of the funnel.
12. Secure the stopper of the funnel, holding the stopper firmly by wrapping your fingers
(two fingers) on both sides.
13. Once the stopper is securely on, the funnel is manually shaken. Proper shaking technique
involves keeping the funnel inverted. Do not flip the funnel while mixing as this may lead
to leaks.
14. Often the components develop pressure while the funnel is being shaken. This pressure
must be carefully relieved by slowly opening the stop cock while the funnel is inverted
and aimed away from the body. 
15. Be sure the stop cock is closed before resuming shaking.
16. The funnel is repeatedly shaken and the pressure relieved until no further visible or
audible evidence of gas release occurs.
17. Funnel is then placed back in the iron ring and the stopper is removed immediately to
prevent residual pressure build-up from ejecting the stopper and solution.
18. Once the contents in the funnel have settled you will see two layers form. 
19. Wait until the two layers are completely separated, then transfer the lower layer into a
beaker or Erlenmeyer flask by slowly opening the stopcock. Note: Placing the end of the
glass tube on the side of the flash or beaker helps avoid splashing.
20. Leave one or two drops of the layered solution on the funnel. This will help avoid
contamination of the solution in the flask.
21. If you are attempting to isolate the solution in the funnel, allow one drop of the upper
solution to fall into the flask. 
22. Clean the stop cock before and after each use. When not in use, leave it assembled and
clean but very loose fitting. The plastic will destroy it if it is kept tightly in the funnel.

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