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Chapter3 IP Connectivity

This document discusses IP connectivity topics for the Cisco CCNA, including the forwarding decision process, static routes, OSPF routing protocol, and the routing table. It explains that routers will check the longest prefix match and routing protocol metrics to determine how to forward packets. Static routes can be used to manually route packets to specific next hops. OSPF is a dynamic routing protocol that uses link state advertisements and the SPF algorithm to share routing information between routers in an area. The routing table stores the available routes that the router can use to forward traffic.

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Bara' Alqam
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
381 views

Chapter3 IP Connectivity

This document discusses IP connectivity topics for the Cisco CCNA, including the forwarding decision process, static routes, OSPF routing protocol, and the routing table. It explains that routers will check the longest prefix match and routing protocol metrics to determine how to forward packets. Static routes can be used to manually route packets to specific next hops. OSPF is a dynamic routing protocol that uses link state advertisements and the SPF algorithm to share routing information between routers in an area. The routing table stores the available routes that the router can use to forward traffic.

Uploaded by

Bara' Alqam
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Cisco Certified Network Associate (200-301 CCNA)

Chapter3: IP Connectivity

3.1 The Forwarding Decision


- as a Router, I do separate Broadcast Domains
- when receiving a packet, it stops at the Interface
- Routing will decide how to Forward/Route the Packet

- in the matter of:


- first let’s check the longest match for this prefix
- then decide which routing protocol should handle this task
- finally, the desired protocol will submit it’s own “Rules” (Metrics)
To route the packet

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Cisco Certified Network Associate (200-301 CCNA)

3.2 Static Route


- the only method of manually routing a specific packet
To a specific route
- the first next-hop can either be the egress interface Port ID
Or, the next reachable IP Address
- Available for IPv4 & IPv6
- can route a host or an entire network

Static Route Flavors:


- Default Route: every un-mentioned subnet to be routed here
, also, can be a default Gateway
- Floating Static: a hidden back-up plan

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Cisco Certified Network Associate (200-301 CCNA)

3.3 Open Shortest-Path First (OSPF)


- Dynamic Routing Protocol
- administrative Distance = 110
- Metric = Cost (lesser = Better)
- Dijkstra algorithm
- SPF algorithm for route decision
- Process ID for multiple instances
- Area ID for Data Base isolation

- Link-State Advertisements: negotiation between OSPF Routers


- it contains: LSRequest: provide the missing Information
LSUpdate: reply for the LSR
LSAcknowledgement: reply for the LSU

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Cisco Certified Network Associate (200-301 CCNA)

- Neighboring Process:

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Cisco Certified Network Associate (200-301 CCNA)

- a Neighboring router can be a P2P neighbor


- in this case no problems
- or can be connected through a “SWITCH”!!
- broadcast will happen
- elections must take place
- only One router should update the topology (DR)

- a DR (Designated Router): Highest Router Priority (0-255), Def=128


Or Highest Router ID

- Router ID (R.ID): 32-bit Address


- DR needs BDR (second best of everything)

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Cisco Certified Network Associate (200-301 CCNA)

3.4 The Routing Table

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