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S1 Table. Summary of Studies Investigating Costs of Resistance in Aedes (All Ae. Aegypt)

This table summarizes the results of 8 studies investigating the costs of resistance in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Most studies found resistance was associated with reductions in life history traits such as larval development rate, adult size, blood feeding, fecundity, and longevity. Resistance mechanisms included target site insensitivity (kdr mutations), and increased activity of detoxification enzymes like esterases and GSTs. Fitness costs were seen in field-collected and laboratory-selected resistant strains compared to susceptible strains.

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23 views

S1 Table. Summary of Studies Investigating Costs of Resistance in Aedes (All Ae. Aegypt)

This table summarizes the results of 8 studies investigating the costs of resistance in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Most studies found resistance was associated with reductions in life history traits such as larval development rate, adult size, blood feeding, fecundity, and longevity. Resistance mechanisms included target site insensitivity (kdr mutations), and increased activity of detoxification enzymes like esterases and GSTs. Fitness costs were seen in field-collected and laboratory-selected resistant strains compared to susceptible strains.

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Sachith
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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S1 Table. Summary of studies investigating costs of resistance in Aedes (all Ae.

aegypt)
Source selection regime comparison resistance mechanism(s) Ld AdS Lon Siz Fed Fec Ins Ref
R
Brazil (field lines) diflubenzuron: 6-7 g selected/unselected ≈4x n/a n/a
n/a ↓ n/a ↓ ↓ ↓ [1]
Rockefeller strain 1016I+1534C crossed Rock-kdr/Rockefeller ≈100x kdr ↓ = = n/a n/a ↓ n/a [2]
into Rockefeller 1016I+1534C
Taiwan strain (Per-R) permethrin selection resistant/resistance 5x kdr n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a [3]
withdrawn for 15 g reversed V1016I+D1763Y
Brazil (Rec-R strain) temephos selection resistant/resistance 40x esterases, GSTs ↓ ↓ ↓ n/a n/a ↓ n/a [4]
withdrawn for 21 g reversed
Brazil (3 field lines) deltamethrin: 9 g selected/unselected 6x n/a ↓ n/a ↓ n/a ↓ ↓ n/a [5]
Thai strain (PMD-R) permethrin: 10 years selected/unselected n/a kdr F1534C = = = ↓ n/a ↑ = [6]
Colombia (field line) lambda-cyhalothrin selected/unselected 8-22x n/a = = ↓ ↓ n/a ↓ n/a [7]
for 9-10 g
Bora Bora strain 3 Bt toxins: up to 22 g selected/unselected 6-35x n/a ↓ = = = n/a ↓* = [8]
g, generations; Bt, Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis; n/a, not applicable or available;↓, significant reduction (evidence for 'cost'); ↑, significant
increase; =, no significant difference; ↓*, significant reduction and reduced dried egg viability; LdR, larval development rate; AdS, survival to
adult; Lon, longevity; Siz, adult size; Fed, blood-feeding; Fec, fecundity; Ins, insemination rate
1. Belinato TA, Valle D. The Impact of Selection with Diflubenzuron, a Chitin Synthesis Inhibitor, on the Fitness of Two Brazilian Aedes aegypti Field
Populations. PLoS ONE. 2015;10(6):e0130719. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130719. PMID: 26107715
2. Brito LP, Linss JG, Lima-Camara TN, Belinato TA, Peixoto AA, Lima JB, et al. Assessing the effects of Aedes aegypti kdr mutations on pyrethroid resistance
and its fitness cost. PLoS ONE. 2013;8(4):e60878. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060878. PMID: 23593337
3. Chang C, Huang X-Y, Chang P-C, Wu H-H, Dai S-M. Inheritance and stability of sodium channel mutations associated with permethrin knockdown resistance
in Aedes aegypti. Pestic Biochem Physiol. 2012;104(2):136-42. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pestbp.2012.06.003.
4. Diniz DF, de Melo-Santos MA, Santos EM, Beserra EB, Helvecio E, de Carvalho-Leandro D, et al. Fitness cost in field and laboratory Aedes aegypti
populations associated with resistance to the insecticide temephos. Parasit Vectors. 2015;8:662. doi: 10.1186/s13071-015-1276-5. PMID: 26715037
5. Martins AJ, Ribeiro CD, Bellinato DF, Peixoto AA, Valle D, Lima JB. Effect of insecticide resistance on development, longevity and reproduction of field or
laboratory selected Aedes aegypti populations. PLoS ONE. 2012;7(3):e31889. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031889. PMID: 22431967
6. Plernsub S, Stenhouse SA, Tippawangkosol P, Lumjuan N, Yanola J, Choochote W, et al. Relative developmental and reproductive fitness associated with
F1534C homozygous knockdown resistant gene in Aedes aegypti from Thailand. Trop Biomed. 2013;30(4):621-30. PMID: 24522132.
7. Jaramillo ON, Fonseca-Gonzalez I, Chaverra-Rodriguez D. Geometric morphometrics of nine field isolates of Aedes aegypti with different resistance levels
to lambda-cyhalothrin and relative fitness of one artificially selected for resistance. PLoS ONE. 2014;9(5):e96379. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096379.
PMID: 24801598
8. Paris M, David JP, Despres L. Fitness costs of resistance to Bti toxins in the dengue vector Aedes aegypti. Ecotoxicology. 2011;20(6):1184-94. doi:
10.1007/s10646-011-0663-8. PMID: 21461926

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