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Solved Bridge MODIFIED

This document provides an example problem solving the design of a reinforced concrete bridge. Key details include: - The bridge has a clear width of 8m, span of 11m, and height of 6m. - Loads calculated include dead loads, live loads, impact loads, earth pressure, longitudinal force, and wind loads. - Moment and shear diagrams are drawn for an abutment and pier. - Reinforcing steel is designed for the maximum moments in the longitudinal and transverse directions for the abutment. Steel ratios are checked to be adequate. - Geometric properties are verified to prevent buckling in the abutment wall. - Reinforcing is sized using the maximum

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Mahmoud Abbass
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
110 views

Solved Bridge MODIFIED

This document provides an example problem solving the design of a reinforced concrete bridge. Key details include: - The bridge has a clear width of 8m, span of 11m, and height of 6m. - Loads calculated include dead loads, live loads, impact loads, earth pressure, longitudinal force, and wind loads. - Moment and shear diagrams are drawn for an abutment and pier. - Reinforcing steel is designed for the maximum moments in the longitudinal and transverse directions for the abutment. Steel ratios are checked to be adequate. - Geometric properties are verified to prevent buckling in the abutment wall. - Reinforcing is sized using the maximum

Uploaded by

Mahmoud Abbass
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Benha University

Faculty of Engineering Shoubra


Civil Engineer Department

Bridge
Solved
Example

Prof.Dr / Mona Gaily


Benha University SOLVED EXAMPLE
Faculty of Engineering- Shoubra Subject: Reinforced Concrete
Civil Engineering Department .
Fourth Year Civil: Structure

Question 1:

The shown bridge is a Solid Slab


Clear width of the bridge is 8 m, span is 11 m , height is 6m and design live load is HS15. It
is required to :

1. Determine all strains actions acting on abutment and pier.


2. Complete Design of Pier.
3. Complete Design of abutment .

(Assume any missing data)

11m 11m
1- Getting Concrete Dimensions:
Assuming (abutment) 1.2m for thickness (Pier) 1.5mx1.5m
using solid slab system for superstructure.
ts = span /12 =11/12=0.916 m ……….. take ts= 0.95m
Assume side walk =0.5 m
No. of lanes = clear width / 3.6 =8/3.6 = 2.23 ………. 2 lanes
Over all width =8 + (0.5x2)=9m

Abutment width = 9+(.05x2)+(0.3x2)


=9.7 m

2- Getting Loads :

1-DEAD LOADS:

Slab weight =25x0.95x9x11=2351 KN


Wearing weight =25x0.15x9x11 =371 KN
Assume asphalt density =25 KN/m2 and thickness =0.15m
Side walk weight =2*(0.5*0.25*25*11) = 68.8 KN
Abutment weight =25x1.2x7.5x 9.7 = 2183 KN
Pier weight = (25x1.5x9.7 x1.5) +(25x1.5x1.5x6 ) =883 KN

2351+371+68.8
Dead Loads on abutment ¿ 2
+2183 = 3578.5 KN.

2-LIVE LOADS:

1-Getting Reactions
a-Using truck loads
R=110+ (110x6.7/11) +(27x2.4/11)
R=183 KN
R (total) =183x2x1 = 366 KN
b-Using lane loads
R=90 +(0.5x11x7.1) =129 KN

R (total) =129x2 = 285 KN

2-Getting Moments
a-Using truck loads
Moment at (cl) =91.5x (3.4+1.6)
Moment at (cl) =457.5 KN.m
b-Using lane loads
R= 60+(0.5x7.1x11) =99 KN
Moment at (cl) =99x (2.5)
Moment at (cl) =247.5 KN.m

Live Loads on abutment :


RLL = 366 KN
MLL = 457.5 KN.m

3-IMPACT LOADS:

50
I=
( 0.311 )+125 = 0.309 ¿ 0.3
take I =0.3
MLL+I =457.5*1.3= 595 KN.m
RLL+I =366*1.3 = 476 KN

4-EARTH PRESSURE :

Assume soil density = 18 KN/m3


Ka = 0.334

Earth Pressure :

E1= 18x8.7x8.7x0.33x0.5 = 277 KN


Normal Force :
W1 =25x0.9x7.5 = 169 KN/m
W2= 25x0.3x8.7 = 65.2 KN /m
W3 =25x0.5x2 = 25 KN/m
W4 =25x.5x.5x.4 = 2.5 KN/m

Moment at Base = (227 x8.7/3) – ((169x.45) +(65.2x1.05)+(25x1.45)+(2.5x1.4)) =486

M e.p = 486x9.7 =4710 KN.m

5-Longitudinal Force :

FL =(5/100)x99 x2x1 = 9.9 KN

M F.L= 9.9 x7.5 =74 KN.m


6-Wind Loads :
1-On superstructure :
A) For Traverse Direction
Wh =0.24 t/m2
Wh= 2.4x(0.95+0.25) =2.88 KN/m ¿ 4.47 KN/m
Take Wh =4.47 KN/m
Fwh= 4.47x11 =49.17 KN
Mwh(abut) =49.17x7.5/2 =184.4 KN .m
Wh* =zero t/m2 (due to earth pressure )

B)Wind Load on Live load


WL= 1.5 KN/m
WL*=0.6 KN/m
FL= 1.5 x11 =16.5 KN
ML= 16.5x7.5/2 = 62 KN.m
FL*=0.6x2x3=3.6 KN
ML*=3.6x7.5/2 = 13.5 KN.m

C)Overturning moment
B= 9m
Fv = 1x11x9 = 99 KN
Mov = 99/2 *9/4 =112 KN.m

2-On substructure :
w= 2 KN/m
F= 2x1.2x7.2 =17.3 KN
M sub base = 17.3 x ( 7.2/2 +1.5 ) = 88.3 KN.m

Cases of Loading for wind :


Case (II) (no Live loads)
Moment (perpendicular to span ) =184.4+112+88.3 = 385 KN.m
Moment (parallel to span ) = zero
Case (III) (Live loads)
Moment (perpendicular to span ) =0.3x305+62 = 177 KN.m
Moment (parallel to span ) = 13.5 KN.m

7-Earth Quake Loads :


W (dead load on superstructure) =2791 KN
m= w/g = 2791/9.81 = 285.5
assume zone (B)
and Stiff clay ……. (S) =1.2
assume Fcu= 40 Mpa
E= 4400√ fcu =2.78x107
For longitudinal direction

Abutment Pier
Y Y

Iy =(1.2)3x9.7/12 Iy =(1.5)3x1.5/12
K=3EI/h3
K=3EI/h3
H= 7.5 m K=3x2.78x107 x1.53 x1.5/12x7.53

K=3x2.78x107 x1.23 x9.7/12x7.53


K= 276410 K= 83484

∑K =Kabutment +0.5 Kpier


∑K =276410+0.5x83484 =318152

T=2π√ m/k =2π√ 285.2/318152 =0.188 sec


Cs=1.2xAxS/T(2/3) = 1.2x.19x1.2/0.188(2/3) =0.833 ¿ 2.5A ….. take Cs = 2.5A
Cs =2.9x.19= .475
H= Csx W =.475*2791= 1326 KN
H abutment =1326 x 276410/318152 =1151
H pier = 174 KN
M abutment =1151x7.5 =8632KN.m M Pier =1307 KN.m

For Transverse direction

Ix =(9.7)3x1.2/12 Ix =(1.5)3x1.5/12
K=3EI/h3
K=3EI/h3
H= 7.5 m K=3x2.78x107 x1.53 x1.5/12x7.53

K=3x2.78x107 x9.73 x1.2/12x7.53


K= 18042531 K= 83484
∑K =Kabutment +0.5 Kpier
∑K =18042531+0.5x83484 =18084231

T= 0.025 sec
Cs = 3.2 ¿ 2.5A
Cs =0.475
H =0.475x2971 =1326
H abutment=1323 KN
H pier = 3KN

M abutment = 1323x7.5 = 9922 KN.m

M pier = 3x7.5= 22.5 KN.m

Earthquake Moments

Abutment Pier
0.3x9922 =2977

0.3x22.5 =7

8632 1307

9922

22.5

0.3x 8632 =2590 0.3x1307=392


Summary For Straining Actions on ABUTMENT

Moment Moment
Case Normal (perpendicular to (parallel to span)
span)

Dead load 3578 ------ ------

Live load 476 595 ------


Earth pressure ------ ------ 4316

Long. Force ------ ------ 74

Wind II
------ 385 ------
Wind III ------ 177 13.5

EQ I 2977 8632
------
EQ II ------ 9922 2590

Load Combimations
1-For Moment (perpendicular to span) :

Case I = 1.3(D +2.2( L+I) +1.3 EP)


= 1.3( 0+ 2.2x595) +0) =1702 KN.m

Case II = 1.3(D +WII +1.3 EP)


= 1.3( 0+385+0) =501 KN.m

Case III = 1.3(D +( L+I)+1.3 EP +(0.3WII +WIII) +Lf.)


= 1.3( 0+595+0+177+0) =1004 KN.m

Case IV(A) = 1.3(D + EP+ EQ.)


= 1.3( 0+0+2977) =3870 KN.m
Case IV(A) = 1.3(D + EP+ EQ.)
= 1.3( 0+0+9922) =12898.6 KN.m
2-For Moment (parallel to span) :

Case I = 1.3(D +2.2( L+I) +1.3 EP)


= 1.3( 0+ 0 +1.3x4316) =7294 KN.m

Case II = 1.3(D +WII +1.3 EP)


= 1.3( 0+0+1.3x4316) =7294 KN.m

Case III = 1.3(D +( L+I)+1.3 EP +(0.3WII +WIII) +Lf.)


= 1.3( 0+0+0+1.3x4316+13.5+74) =7407 KN.m

Case IV(A) = 1.3(D + EP+ EQ.)


= 1.3( 0+4316+8632) =12948 KN.m
Case IV(A) = 1.3(D + EP+ EQ.)
= 1.3( 0+4316+2590) =8978 KN.m

3-For Normal Force :

Case I = 1.3(D +2.2( L+I) +1.3 EP)


= 1.3( 3578+ 2.2x476 +0) =6013 KN.m

Case II = 1.3(D +WII +1.3 EP)


= 1.3( 3578+0+0) =4651 KN.m

Case III = 1.3(D +( L+I)+1.3 EP +(0.3WII +WIII) +Lf.)


= 1.3( 3578+476+0+0+0+0) =5270 KN.m

Case IV(A) = 1.3(D + EP+ EQ.)


= 1.3( 3578+0+0) =4651 KN.m
Case IV(A) = 1.3(D + EP+ EQ.)
= 1.3( 3578+0+0) =4651 KN.m
Design Of Abutment :
1-Geometry:
Bxt=(9.7x1.2) m
Ho=7.50 m
Lf2=9.1 m

2-Check Buckling:
Ho/ Lf2= 7.5/9.1 =0.73 ¿ 0.5 …….. K=1.5 – ( Ho/ Lf2 )=0.73
He= KxH0=7.5x0.73 = 5.475
λ= He/t =5.475/1.2 = 4.562 < 15 ……….. short wall

3-Straining Actions:
1-From Case (VI) A
N=4651 KN
M(pendi.)= 3870 KN.m
M(para.)= 12948 KN.m
2-From Case (VI) B
N=4651 KN
M(pendi.)= 12898.6 KN.m
M(para.)= 8978 KN.m

4-Design for Longitudinal RFT.:


For Case VI A
N=4651 KN
M(perndi.)= 3870 KN.m
M(para.)= 12948 KN.m
Nu min. = .04Fcu xbxt =.04x40x1200x9700 =18624 KN > Nu ……. Neglect Nu
e (perndi.) = M(perndi.)/N =3870/4651 = .83 m
e/b = .83/9.7 =.085 > .05
Rb= Nu /( Fcu xb xt) =(4651x103)/(40x1200x9700) =0.1
M(perndi.)/9.7 = 399
M(para.)/1.2 = 10790
(M(perndi.)/9.7)/( M(para.)/1.2) =.037 From table ( 6-1-B)
αb= 1
M(perndi.)*= M(perndi.)x αb= 3870
M(para.)*= M(para.) x αb= 12948

For M(perndi.)* =3870 KN.m


Ru = 3870x106 / 96002x1200 =0.03
µ=1.162 x10-4
As1= As2 =1338.38 mm2 ………. Use 6Φ18
For M(para.)* =12948 KN.m
Ru = 12948x106 / 9700x11002 =1.1
µ=3.662 x10-3

As1= As2 =39080 mm2 ………. Use 9Φ25 /m


As min= 0.4 /100 xbxt = 46560
As total = 2x(39080+1338) = 80838 > As min (ok)

For Case VI B
N=4651 KN
M(perndi.)= 12899 KN.m
M(para.)= 8978 KN.m
Nu min. = .04Fcu xbxt =.04x40x1200x9700 =18624 KN > Nu ……. Neglect Nu
Rb= Nu /( Fcu xb xt) =(4651x103)/(40x1200x9700) =0.1
M(perndi.)/9.7 = 1329.7
M(para.)/1.2 = 7482
(M(perndi.)/9.7)/( M(para.)/1.2) =.18 From table ( 6-1-B)
αb= 1.05
M(perndi.)*= M(perndi.)x αb= 13543
M(para.)*= M(para.) x αb= 9427

For M(perndi.)* =12899 KN.m


Ru = 12899x106 / 96002x1200 =0.122
µ=4.07 x10-4

As1= As2 =4683.62 mm2 ………. Use 10Φ25

For M(para.)* =9427 KN.m


Ru = 9427x106 / 9700x11002 =0.8
µ=2.67 x10-3
As1= As2 =28452.4 mm2 ………. Use 8Φ22 /m

5-Design for transverse RFT.:


As min = 0.25/100 xb x t = .25/100x1000x1200
= 3000 mm2 for two side
=1500 mm2 for one side = 8Φ16/ m
6-Design for Wing Walls:
e 1=1x(1/3) = 0.33
e 2=6x(1/3)x1.8= 3.6
e 3=3x1.8x1.5 =8.1
M1 =e1 x7.52/2 =9.4 t.m
M2 =33.75 t.m

M total = M1+M2= 43 t.m


Take t = 400 mm

Ru=430x106 /3802 x1000 =2.98


µ=9.93 x10-3
As= 3770 = 10Φ22

7-Design for Bearing :


Assume using 5 bearing
R/bearing = 6013/5=1200 KN

From Algabolc table use 5-bearing ( 100x150)

8-Design for Splitting Force :


Fs =0.3 xR bearing x(1- (min. dimension of bearing /depth))
=0.3 x1200x(1 –(.1/1.2)) =346.5 KN
As = Fs/(fy/ˠs) =346.5x103 /(400/1.15) =996.2 = 5Φ16 one mesh
9-Detailing :

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