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LAB No. 05 Familiarization With Microwave Equipment: Objective

The document provides details about two types of microwave trainers used in a laboratory: the Microwave Communication Trainer IT-8000 and the Microwave Trainer PT-94124. It describes the various components of each trainer, including a standard signal generator, power meter, VSWR meter, variable attenuator, and waveguide detect mount. The objective is to familiarize students with the equipment they will use in the laboratory experiments.

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muhammad jehangir
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361 views8 pages

LAB No. 05 Familiarization With Microwave Equipment: Objective

The document provides details about two types of microwave trainers used in a laboratory: the Microwave Communication Trainer IT-8000 and the Microwave Trainer PT-94124. It describes the various components of each trainer, including a standard signal generator, power meter, VSWR meter, variable attenuator, and waveguide detect mount. The objective is to familiarize students with the equipment they will use in the laboratory experiments.

Uploaded by

muhammad jehangir
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LAB No.

05

Familiarization with Microwave Equipment

Objective:
The objective of this exercise is to familiarize the students with the equipment they will be using
in this laboratory. All equipment and their description are provided below. We have two type of
microwave trainers.

1. Microwave Communication Trainer IT – 8000 (By INFINIT)


2. Microwave Trainer PT 94124 (By PUDAK)

Microwave Communication Trainer IT – 8000:


The IT – 8000 trainer introduces the students to the fundamental principles of microwave
communications through a wide range of practical activities. The most important topics covered in the
experiments are mentioned in the manual before each experiment / exercise. The microwave trainer
consists of different components and peripherals equipment required to perform the experiments.

The Trainer consists of the following equipments:

1. Standard Signal Generator (SSG):

The IT -8001 is a X-band signal generator, this instrument is especially designed for
laboratory to carry on a wide range of research activities in the X-band.

Figure 1.1: Standard Signal Generator


Specifications of SSG:

1) It is able to generate microwave signal in the range of 7.5 GHz to 12.5GHz.


2) Relative error is ±1.5% ± 1. (Output power of less than 5mW pm).
3) Frequency stability: ±5 x 10 – 4/15 minutes (the instrument after warm up).

Signal Selection Portion:


From this part of the SSG we are able to select what type of signal the SSG will generate.
The SSG has the ability to generate CW (Carrier Wave), IntAM (Internal Amplitude Modulated
Wave), ExtAM (External Amplitude Modulated Wave) and ExtSYNC (External Sync). The Signal
Selection Portion is shown below:

Figure 1.2: Signal Selection Function


ExtAM:
ExtAM stands for “External Amplitude Modulated Wave”. This is selected when the SSG is
given an external audio signal for AM from any source. The ExtAM connector is shown in figure
1.2.

ExtSYNC:
ExtSYNC stands for “External Synchronization”. This is selected when the SSG external
sync from any other source. The ExtSYNC is shown in figure 1.2.

IntAM:
IntAM stands for “Internal Amplitude Modulated Wave”. It is an internal amplitude
modulated wave, modulated using a square wave and pulse wave. This can be controlled using
the knobs shown in figure 1.2.
RF Out:
This is the output section of the SSG; whenever we need a signal from SSG to be
delivered out to any device we use this connector. You can connect the BNC connector as a
frequency source to any RF waveguide adaptor.

2. Power Meter:

Power meter is a dynamic range device used for the measurement of power inside the
microwave waveguides. The power meter is shown below:

Figure 1.3: Power Meter

Specifications:

1) The power meter needs a 30 minute warm up to function properly and display stable
readings.
2) The working error of this meter is ±5%.
3) The N-connector coaxial cable connects to its input port to be able to measure the power
of the signal. The N-Connector is shown below:
4) The range of the power meter is 0.01uW to 300mW. The range can be varied by the knob
(can be seen in picture below). The results on this meter can be displayed in digital and
analog.
5) Call Factor: The calibration Factor can be adjusted to requirement by using the Cal Factor
toggle provided on the power meter.

3. VSWR Meter:

IT-8003 is a frequency selective detector of weak signals using a precision measuring


amplifier. This amplifier gives us the ability to measure Standing Wave Ratio and other important
parameters.

Figure 1.4: VSWR Meter

Specifications:
1) Gives you the ability to adjust dB toggle, BW toggle, Gain and Tune as per your
requirements
2) Adjustment of the meter on normal or 5dB mode can be made through the following
switch
4. The Variable Attenuator:

As the name suggests a variable attenuator is a device that is used to reduce power level
at the input of the microwave component and the attenuation measurements.

There are two types of variable attenuators; they are Rotary Vane Attenuator (not
available in laboratory) and Side Vane Attenuator (available in laboratory). In the Side Vane
Attenuator a plastic fiberglass blade with a resistive coating is used to produce attenuation. The
blade is inserted vertically into the waveguide, parallel to the short side’s walls. The resulting
attenuation depends upon the position of the blade in the waveguide. Attenuation is increased by
the moving the blade towards the center of the waveguide. Attenuation characteristics differ from
one attenuator to the next hence each attenuator has to be individually calibrated.

5. Waveguide Detect Mount:

A Waveguide Detect Mount is a resistive element whose resistance is a function of its


internal temperature. If a detector is placed in the path of a microwave signal, the detector will
absorb the energy thereby increasing its own temperature. This increase in temperature causes
the resistance of the detector to decrease. Variations in the resistance of the detector can be
measured with Wheatstone bridge.

The waveguide detector mount in this manual is permanently housed in a section of a


waveguide. The two matching screws and the movable short circuit are used to maximize the
power reaching the waveguide detector mount.

Microwave Trainer PT-94124:


The PT – 94124 trainer by PUDAK introduces the students to the fundamental principles of microwave
communications through a wide range of practical activities. The most important topics covered in the
experiments are mentioned in the manual before each experiment / exercise. In the manual for each
experiment / exercise we have:

1. Objective: This shows the target to be achieved after completing the experiment.
2. Introduction: This gives a brief prerequisite knowledge for the required experiment.
3. Reading book: This gives a list of book to strengthen the knowledge of the topic.
4. Apparatus needed: Gives the list of apparatus required to carry out the experiment.
5. Experiment Procedure: This is the guide that must be followed in the process of doing the
practical activities, since it is closely related to the result.

The microwave trainer consists of different components and peripherals equipment required to perform
the experiments.

The Trainer consists of the following equipments:

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