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This document provides an introduction and overview of the course on modern communications systems. It outlines the instructor, prerequisites, grading policy, textbook, and weekly homework assignments. The course will cover topics such as signal processing, analog and digital modulation techniques, and performance metrics. It also provides a brief history of early communication systems and describes current communication systems including telephone networks, cellular systems, computer networks, satellite, Bluetooth, and more.

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Asmamaw Getu Engida
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© © All Rights Reserved
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70 views

Notes01 PDF

This document provides an introduction and overview of the course on modern communications systems. It outlines the instructor, prerequisites, grading policy, textbook, and weekly homework assignments. The course will cover topics such as signal processing, analog and digital modulation techniques, and performance metrics. It also provides a brief history of early communication systems and describes current communication systems including telephone networks, cellular systems, computer networks, satellite, Bluetooth, and more.

Uploaded by

Asmamaw Getu Engida
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Course Introduction

Course Information
◮ Instructor: John Gill, [email protected]
Packard 358, 650-723-4569
Office hours: Th 11-12.

◮ Class homepage: http://ee179.stanford.edu

◮ Prerequisites: EE 102A or equivalent

◮ Textbook (recommended): Lathi & Ding, Modern Digital and Analog


Communications Systems, 4th ed.

◮ Weekly homework assignments due on Fridays

◮ Grading: HW and Labs 40%, midterm 20%, final project 40%


Class Policies
◮ Homework policy
◮ Assigned on Fridays, due following Friday at 5pm.
◮ You are free to talk with other students about the homework and
problems, but everyone should turn in their own write up.

◮ Exam policy
◮ Midterm is open book, open notes, no internet.
◮ Final Project presentations will be given during final examination time.
You will have 10 minutes to present your project and results.
Course Syllabus
◮ Modern communications systems
◮ Signal processing in 2πf , instead of ω as in 102A
◮ Finding your way around the RF spectrum
◮ Analog Systems
◮ Amplitude modulation (AM, SSB, QAM)
◮ Pulse modulation (PAM, PWM, PPM)
◮ Angle modulation (FM, PM, PSK, and FSK)
◮ Digital systems
◮ Sampling and Quantization
◮ Pulse code modulation (PCM)
◮ Digital modulation (PAM, ASK, FSK, PSK, QPSK, and QAM)
◮ Line Coding and ISI

◮ SNR and performance


Early Communication Systems
◮ Telegraph
◮ 1830, Joseph Henry
◮ 1832, Pavel Schilling
◮ 1837, Samuel B. Morse, Morse code
◮ 1844, What Hath God Wrought
◮ Telephone
◮ 1876, Alexander G. Bell (“Watson come here; I need you.”)
◮ 1888, Strowger stepper switch
◮ 1915, US transcontinental service (requires amplifiers)
◮ Wireless telegraphy
◮ 1895, Jagadish Chandra Bose builds radio transmitter
◮ 1896, Marconi patents radio telegraphy
◮ 1901, Marconi, first transatlantic transmission
◮ Radio
◮ 1906, Reginald Fessendend, first broadcast
◮ 1920, first commercial AM radio station (Montreal XWA → CINW)
Communication Systems Then
Communication Systems Now
Communication Systems Today

◮ Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) for voice, fax, modem


◮ Radio and TV broadcasting
◮ Citizens’ band radio; ham short-wave radio
◮ Computer networks (LANs, WANs, and the Internet)
◮ Satellite systems (pagers, voice/data, movie broadcasts)
◮ Cable television (CATV) for video and data
◮ Cellular phones
◮ Bluetooth
◮ GPS
◮ Many others...
PSTN Design

◮ Local exchange
◮ Handles local calls
◮ Routes long distance calls over multiplexed high-speed connections
◮ Circuit switched network tailored for voice
◮ Faxes and modems modulate data for voice channel
◮ DSL uses advanced modulation to get 1.5-6.0 Mbps
Cellular System Basics

◮ Geographic region divided into hexagonal cells1


◮ Frequencies/timeslots/codes are reused at spatially-separated locations.
(Analog systems use FD, digital systems use TD or CD.)
◮ Co-channel interference between same color cells
◮ Handoff and control coordinated through cell basestations

1
proposed in 1947 by Douglas H. Ring and W. Rae Young, Bell Labs engineers
Cellular Telephone Backbone Network
Mobile telephones depend on the PSTN — except for mobiles within the
same MTSO (mobile telephone switching office)
Local Area Networks (LAN)

◮ “Local” means every computer can hear every other computer


◮ Packet switching instead of circuit switching (no dedicated channels)
◮ Data is broken down into packets
◮ Originally proprietary protocols; e.g., Ethernet was a collaboration
between Intel, DEC, and Xerox. (DEC?)
Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN)

◮ WLANs connect “local” computers (100m range) to an access point


◮ As with LANs, data is broken down into packets
◮ Channel access is shared (random access)
◮ Access protocols for WLANs are much more complex than for LANs
◮ Backbone Internet provides best-effort service (no QOS guarantee)
Wide Area Networks; the Internet
Satellite Systems

◮ Satellites cover very large areas


◮ Different orbit heights: GEOs (39000 Km) versus LEOs (2000 Km)
◮ Optimized for one-way transmission, such as radio (XM, DAB) and
television (SatTV) broadcasting
◮ Latency (round trip delay) can be a problem
Bluetooth

◮ Ericsson, 1994, named for King Harald Blåtand Gormsen


◮ Intended as replacement for cables, such as RS-232
Now used for input devices, cell phones, laptops, PDAs, etc.
◮ Short range connection (10–100 m)
◮ Bluetooth 1.2 has 1 data (721 Kbps) and 3 voice (56 Kbps) channels,
and rudimentary networking capabilities

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