LECTURE NOTES N0.

8b
CEB 614 – STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS 1
Reference Textbook: structural Analysis by R.C. Hibbeler, 5th Edition
March 05, 2020

SLOPE DEFLECTION EQUATION

A frame will not side sway, or be displaced to the left or right, provided it is properly restrained.

Examples of properly restrained frames are shown below:

Proper restraint
P
w

Also, no side sway side sway will occur in an unrestrained frame provided it is symmetric with
respect to both loading and geometry. Examples are:

w kN/m

wkN/m wkN/m

CEB 614 Structural Analysis 2020 – Slope Deflection Equations (Beams without yielding of supports) Page 1
Procedure of Analysis: Sign Convention – Clockwise positive & counter clockwise is negative

1) Determine the Fixed End Moments at the end of each span, using the Table below for different
kinds of applied external load:

Case Type of Load Fixed End Moments

No.
P
MA = (-)P a b2
1 a b L2
A B
MB = (+)P a2 b
L L2

MA = (-) wL2
2 wkN/m 12
A B MB = (+) wL2
L 12

MA = (-) (5/192) wL2

3 A w kN/m B MB = (+) (11/192) wL2

wkN/m MA = (-) wL2

30
4 A B
MB = (+) wL2
L
20

MA= (-) 5 wL2

96
5 wkN/m
MB= (+) 5wL2
A B 96
L/2 L/2

2) Establish the joint conditions at each joints and support in the Frame by using the following
criteria:

a) For fixed end support

 rotation Ө = 0
 End Moment (M) ≠ 0

b) For a simple end support with no overhanging end:

 rotation Ө ≠ 0
 End Moment (M) = 0

c) For internal joints/nodes in a beam with more than one member

 rotation Ө ≠ 0
 Summation of the moments at the joint must be equal to zero.

CEB 614 Structural Analysis 2020 – Slope Deflection Equations (Beams without yielding of supports) Page 2
3) Express all end moments in terms of the fixed – end moments and the joint rotations by using
the Slope Deflection Equations. For frames, the fundamental Slope Deflection Equations are:

For frames without yielding of support, ∆ = 0

MAB = 2EI (2ӨA + ӨB) + FEMAB

L
-------- Simplified Equation
MBA = 2EI (2ӨB + ӨA) + FEMBA
L

4) Establish simultaneous equations with the rotations at the supports as unknowns by applying
the conditions of equilibrium as explain in item No. 2 above.

5) Solve for the values of the rotations at all supports.

6) Substitute the calculated rotations back into the Slope Deflection Equations and compute the
end moments

7) Determine all reactions, draw shear and moment diagrams and sketch the elastic curve.

CEB 614 Structural Analysis 2020 – Slope Deflection Equations (Beams without yielding of supports) Page 3
Application of the Slope Deflection Equations to statically indeterminate Frames without side
sway or yielding of supports. .

ILLUSTRATIVE PROBLEM NO. 1

Using the principle of Slope – Deflection Equation, evaluate all the moments at the
nodal points A, B, C and D and plot the moment diagram of the frame shown in
Figure 1 below. There will be no side sway or yielding of the supports due to
symmetry in geometry and loading in the frame.

24kN/m

B C

12m

A D

FIGURE 1

Slope Deflection Equations for Frame without yielding of support. ∆ = 0

MAB = 2EI (2ӨA + ӨB - (3) .Δ ) + FEMAB

L L
-------- Equation 11.7 (Hibeller 5th Edition)
MBA = 2EI (2ӨB + ӨA - (3) .Δ ) + FEMBA
L L

Since these two equations are similar, the two (2) equations can be expressed as a single
equation. Referring to one end of the span as the near end (N) and the other end as the
far end, and letting the member stiffness be represented as k = I/L, and the span chord
rotations as Ψ = ∆/L, we can write:

MN = 2Ek (2ӨN + ӨF - (3)Ψ) + (FEM)N -------- Equation 11.8 (Hibeller 5th Edition)
(This equation is applicable only for internal span or end span with Far end fixed support)

MN = Internal moment in the near end of the span; this moment is positive clockwise when acting on
the span
E, k = Modulus of elasticity of material and span stiffnes (k) = I/L

ӨN, ӨF = Near – end and far – end slopes or angular displacements of the span at the supports; the
angle are measured in radians and are positive clockwise

Ψ = span rotation of its cord due to linear displacement, that is Ψ = ∆/L; this angle is measured in
radians and are positive clockwise

(FEM)N = fixed end moment at the near – end support

CEB 614 Structural Analysis 2020 – Slope Deflection Equations (Beams without yielding of supports) Page 4
 SOLUTION:

1) Fixed End Moment

FEMAB =FEMBA= 0

FEMBC = (-) [5/96]wL2 = (-)80kNm

FEMBC = (+) [5/96]wL2 = (+)80kNm

2) Joint Conditions

a) Joint A – End Support and Fixed end support

 rotation ӨA = 0
 MAB ≠ 0

b) Joint B with more than one member

 ӨB ≠ 0
 MBA + MBC = 0

c) Joint C with more than one member

 ӨC ≠ 0
 MCB+ MCD = 0

d) Joint D - End Support and Fixed end support

 rotation ӨD = 0
 MDC ≠ 0

3) Establish the Slope Deflection equations with the rotations at the supports as
unknowns by using Equation 11.7. No yielding of support, hence, ∆ = 0.
0 0
a)MAB = 2EI (2ӨA + ӨB ) + FEMAB
L
MAB = 0.1667EIӨB ------------------------------------------------- eq. 1
0 0
b)MBA = 2EI (2ӨB + ӨA ) + FEMBA
L
MBA= 0.333EIӨB -------------------------------------------- eq.2

c)MBC = 2EI (2ӨB + Өc ) + FEMBC

L

MBC = 0.5EIӨB + 0.25EIӨC – 80 -------------------------------------- eq. 3

d)MCB = 2EI (2ӨC+ ӨB) + FEMBC

L
MCB = 0.50EIӨC + 0.25E1ӨB+ 80 ------------------------------------ eq. 4

CEB 614 Structural Analysis 2020 – Slope Deflection Equations (Beams without yielding of supports) Page 5
 0 0
e)MCD = 2EI (2ӨC + ӨD ) + FEMAB
L
MCD = 0.333EIӨC ------------------------------------------------- eq. 5
0 0
f)MDC = 2EI (2ӨD + ӨC ) + FEMBA
L
MDC= 0.333EIӨB -------------------------- ---------------- eq.6

4. Substitute the Slope Deflection Equations to Joint Conditions

Joint B:

MBA + MBC = 0

[0.333EIӨB ] + [0.5EIӨB + 0.25EIӨC – 80] = 0 ------------------------------ eq. 7

Joint C:

MCB + MCD = 0

[0.50EIӨC + 0.25E1ӨB+ 80] + [0.333EIӨC ]= 0 ----------------------------- eq.8

Solve eq. 7 and eq. 8 for ӨB and ӨC:

ӨB = (-) ӨC = 137/EI

5. Substitute the calculated rotations (Ө) to the Slope Deflection Equations.

MAB = (+)22.9 kN.m (Clockwise)

MBA = (+)45.7kN.m (Clockwise)
MBC = (-)45.7kN.m (Counterclockwise)
MCB = (+)45.7 kN.m (Clokwise)
MCD = (-)45.7kN.m (Counterclockwise)
MDC = (-)22.9 kN.m (Counterclokwise)

6. Moment Diagram of the Frame

82.3kNm

45.7kNm

45.7kNm 45.7kNm

22.9kNm 22.9kNm

CEB 614 Structural Analysis 2020 – Slope Deflection Equations (Beams without yielding of supports) Page 6
ILLUSTRATIVE PROBLEM NO. 2 (page 437)

The Frame shown in Figure 2 below has fixed support at A and a hinged support at D.
Using the principle of Slope – Deflection Equation, evaluate the moments at the
nodal points A, C and D and plot the shear and moment diagram of the frame. The
frame is properly restrained; hence there will be no side sway or yielding of the
supports. Assumed EI constant for the whole frame with E = 200000 MPa and I = 400 x
106 mm4.

C 25kN/m

D
3m

75kN B

3m

9.0m

FIGURE 2

Modified Slope Deflection equation for members with one end hinged or simply supported

End Span supported by a pin, roller or a hinged

Occasionally and end span of a beam or frame is supported by a pin, roller or a hinged
support at its far end (see figure 2 above). Since the pin, roller or hinged support is at the end
span, the end moment will be zero.

We can modify the general slope deflection equations so that it has to be applied only once
to the end span rather than applying it twice.

For example, in Figure 2 shown above, for end span CD:

MCD = 3EI (ӨC) + FEMCD – FEMDC

L 2

MCD = 3EI (ӨC) + - 168.75 – 168.75

9 2

MCD = 0.333EI ӨC -253.13

CEB 614 Structural Analysis 2020 – Slope Deflection Equations (Beams without yielding of supports) Page 7
SOLUTION:

1) Fixed End Moment

FEMAC=(-) PL = (-)56.25 kNm

8
FEMAC=(+) PL = (+)56.25 kNm
8

FEMCD = (-) wL2 = (-)168.75kNm

12
FEMDC = (+) wL2 = (+)168.75kNm
12

2) Joint Conditions

a) Joint A – Fixed end support

 rotation ӨA = 0
 MAB ≠ 0

b) Joint C with more than one member

 ӨC ≠ 0
 MCA+ MCD = 0

c) Joint D - End Support and Hinged end support

 rotation ӨD ≠ 0
 MDC = 0

3) Establish the Slope Deflection equations with the rotations at the supports as unknowns
by using Equation 11.7. No yielding of support, hence, ∆ = 0.
0
a)MAC = 2EI (2ӨA + ӨC ) + FEMAC
L
MAC = 0.333EIӨC – 56.25 ------------------------------------------------- eq. 1
0
b)MCA = 2EI (2ӨC + ӨA ) + FEMCA
L
MCA= 0.667EIӨC + 56.25 -------------------------------------------- eq.2

c ) MCD = 3EI (ӨC) + FEMCD – FEMDC

L 2

MCD = 3EI (ӨC) + - 168.75 – 168.75

9 2

MCD = 0.333EI ӨC -253.13 ------------------------------------------ eq. 3

MDC = 0

CEB 614 Structural Analysis 2020 – Slope Deflection Equations (Beams without yielding of supports) Page 8
 4. Substitute the Slope Deflection Equations to Joint Conditions

Joint C:

MCA + MCD = 0

[0.667EIӨC + 56.25] + [0.333EI ӨC -253.13] = 0 ------------------------------ eq. 4

EIӨC - 196.88 = 0

ӨC = (+)196.88/EI

5. Substitute the calculated rotations (Ө) to the Slope Deflection Equations.

MAC = (+)9.4 kN.m (Clockwise)

MCA = 0.667EI(196.88/EI ) + 56.25 = (+)187.57kN.m (Clockwise)

MCD = (-)187.57kN.m (Counterclockwise)

MDC = 0

6. Calculations of Reactions

133.34kN

187.57kNm 0
187.57kNm 25kN/m
RDH
C 4.67kN 4.67kN
C D
9m
3m
133.34kN RDV= 91.66kN
75kN

3m

A RAH = 4.67kN

9.4kNm

133.34kN

CEB 614 Structural Analysis 2020 – Slope Deflection Equations (Beams without yielding of supports) Page 9
TUTORIAL PROBLEM NO. 1

A properly restrained frame shown in Figure 3 below has hinge supports at A and C
with overhang end DE. Using the principle of Slope – Deflection Equation, evaluate
the end moments and reactions at A and C and generate the shear and moment
diagram of the frame. The members have different moment of inertias.

3 kN/m
C C E
2I D 2I

10m

I B 15kN

5m

20.0m 5.0m

FIGURE 3

CEB 614 Structural Analysis 2020 – Slope Deflection Equations (Beams without yielding of supports) Page 10
TUTORIL PROBLEM NO.2: FRAME ANALYSIS WITHOUT SIDESWAY

A Frame shown in the figure below has a fixed support at A and a hinged supports at
points D and E. It is subjected to a horizontal lateral load of 20kN at point B of the frame
and a uniformly distributed load of 5kN/m throughout the span BC. Analyse the
moments at points A, B, C, D and E of the frame using the principle of Slope Deflection
Equations. Assumed EI is constant and there will be no side sway in the nodal points.

5kN/m
20kN

B C E

15m

D
A

18m 12m
A

CEB 614 Structural Analysis 2020 – Slope Deflection Equations (Beams without yielding of supports) Page 11
 THANK YOU JESUS CHRIST

CEB 614 Structural Analysis 2020 – Slope Deflection Equations (Beams without yielding of supports) Page 12