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True / False

1. Organizational behavior is the study of human behavior in organizational settings, the interface between human
behavior and the organization, and the organizational itself.
  a. True
  b. Fals
e
ANSWER:  True

2. Even though humans behave in organizations, such conduct occurs independently of the environment.
  a. True
  b. Fals
e
ANSWER:  Fals
e

3. Organizational behavior is a designated business function just like marketing and accounting.
  a. True
  b. Fals
e
ANSWER:  Fals
e

4. Developing new corporate goals that involve acquiring new businesses is part of the planning function.
  a. True
  b. Fals
e
ANSWER:  True

5. Organizing is the process of designing jobs and establishing patterns of authority.

  a. True
  b. Fals
e
ANSWER:  True

6. Leading is the process of setting deadlines and making plans to achieve goals.
  a. True
  b. Fals
e
ANSWER:  Fals
e

7. The controlling function includes monitoring organizational behavior and taking corrective action when needed.
  a. True
  b. Fals

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e
ANSWER:  True

8. The ability to think in the abstract comes from a manager's conceptual skills.
  a. True
  b. Fals
e
ANSWER:  True

9. Managers use their interpersonal skills to understand cause-and-effect relationships.

  a. True
  b. Fals
e
ANSWER:  Fals
e

10. A system is an interrelated set of elements that function as a whole.

  a. True
  b. Fals
e
ANSWER:  True

11. An organizational system receives inputs from the environment, combines and transforms them, and then returns them
to the environment.
  a. True
  b. Fals
e
ANSWER:  True

12. A systems perspective keeps managers focused on both internal and environmental processes.
  a. True
  b. Fals
e
ANSWER:  True

13. In organizations, most situations and outcomes are contingent; that is, the precise relationship between any two
variables is likely to be dependent on other variables.
  a. True
  b. Fals
e
ANSWER:  True

14. Over time, organizational behavior has gradually shifted from a situational perspective to a universal perspective.
  a. True
  b. Fals
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e
ANSWER:  Fals
e

15. The organizational system has four basic categories of input from its environment: technological, financial, material,
and human.
  a. True
  b. Fals
e
ANSWER:  Fals
e

16. The situational perspective is illustrated by the notion that the relationship between workers' skill levels and their
performance levels is dependent on their degree of loyalty.
  a. True
  b. Fals
e
ANSWER:  True

17. Interactionalism attempts to explain how people select, interpret, and change various situations.
  a. True
  b. Fals
e
ANSWER:  True

18. Cohesiveness can be measured at the individual and organizational levels.

  a. True
  b. Fals
e
ANSWER:  Fals
e

19. A manager who pays workers high wages may increase workers' satisfaction, but may also lower important
organizational-level outcomes.
  a. True
  b. Fals
e
ANSWER:  True

20. Technology is used to transform inputs into outputs.

  a. True
  b. Fals
e
ANSWER:  True

21. From a universal perspective, managers try to identify the possible ways to solve problems based on organizational
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conditions.

  a. True
  b. Fals
e
ANSWER:  Fals
e

22. The successful application of organizational behavior principles can reduce a company’s rates of turnover and
absenteeism.
  a. True
  b. Fals
e
ANSWER:  True

23. The study of organizational behavior involves both human behavior and characteristics of organizations, but its
principal focus is the exterior environment that surrounds the organization.
  a. True
  b. Fals
e
ANSWER:  Fals
e

Multiple Choice

24. All organizational successes and failures result directly from

  a. stakeholder management.
  b. comprehensive selection and placement.
  c. supplier relationships.
  d. the behaviors of many people.
  e. the dynamics of the reward system of the
organization.
ANSWER:  d

25. Organizational behavior (OB) typically includes the study of which of the following basic components?
  a. financial reporting
  b. research and development
  c. human behavior in organizations.
  d. the task environment
  e. customer retention.
ANSWER:  c

26. The first goal of a consultant hired to solve a problem in an organization should be to

  a. recognize that the organization has always been this way and little can be done to
change it.
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  b. learn as much as possible about the organization and the people within it.
  c. generate an action plan, with specific targets and completion dates.
  d. focus exclusively on changing the reward system, since everything else depends on it.
  e. make sure employees know the consultant has come to solve the company's problems.
ANSWER:  b

27. Which is NOT an important reason for understanding organizational behavior?

  a. Most people are born and educated in organizations.
  b. Government organizations regulate many of our activities.
  c. Most adults spend the better part of their lives working in organizations.
  d. Organizational behavior offers specific perspectives on the human side of
management.
  e. Sole proprietorships are increasing common for entrepreneurial organizations.
ANSWER:  e

28. Organizational behavior focuses on

  a. the economic side of management.
  b. the control side of management.
  c. the human side of management.
  d. the financial side of management.
  e. the production side of management.
ANSWER:  c

29. Which of the following is one of the specific perspectives of organizational behavior?

  a. people as technology users
  b. people as resources
  c. people as consumers
  d. people as task environments
  e. people as financial expenditures
ANSWER:  b

30. In dealing with the work-related activities of people, managers must have an understanding of all of the following
EXCEPT
  a. leadership
  b. decision-making
  c. organizational structure and design
  d. organizational culture
  e. long-term plans of marketplace competitors
ANSWER:  e

31. Which of the following is NOT a resource category that organizations use in the pursuit of goals and objectives?
  a. human
  b. financial
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  c. physical
  d. intangible
  e. informationa
l
ANSWER:  d

32. Planning is the process of

  a. designing jobs, grouping jobs into units, and establishing patterns of authority between
jobs and units.
  b. determining the organization's desired future position and deciding how best to get
there.
  c. motivating the organization's members to work together toward the organization's
goals.
  d. monitoring and correcting the actions of the organization and its members to keep
them directed toward their goals.
  e. utilizing organizational resources with the ultimate goal of attaining organizational
goals efficiently and effectively.
ANSWER:  b

33. A manager who groups jobs into units and establishes patterns of authority is performing which function of
management?
  a. Planning
  b. Organizing
  c. Controlling
  d. Supervisin
g
  e. Leading
ANSWER:  b

34. When managers motivate employees with compensation and job opportunity, they are utilizing which managerial
function?
  a. Synergizing
  b. Controlling
  c. Leading
  d. Planning
  e. Organizing
ANSWER:  c

35. Evaluating performance and verifying inventory levels are examples of

  a. leading.
  b. decision making.
  c. organizing.
  d. planning.
  e. controlling.
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ANSWER:  e

36. A manager acting in the role of a leader will

  a. choose the best resources to most effectively and efficiently produce the organization's
product or service.
  b. verify the quality of resources that pass through the organization.
  c. determine how organizational resources will be released in the environment.
  d. encourage workers to increase productivity.
  e. identify the various suppliers the organization will utilize to acquire resources.
ANSWER:  d

37. A manager who schedules department meetings to effectively disseminate important information to employees has
high
  a. interpersonal skills.
  b. technical skills.
  c. diagnostic skills.
  d. conceptual skills.
  e. leadership skills.
ANSWER:  a

38. A manager's ability to develop solutions to problems is determined by her

  a. conceptual skills.
  b. time management skills.
  c. diagnostic skills.
  d. interpersonal skills.
  e. technical skills.
ANSWER:  c

39. A manager who can see how the various tasks within the organization fit together and how each task contributes
toward the "big picture" has strong
  a. problem-solving skills.
  b. diagnostic skills.
  c. technical skills.
  d. conceptual skills.
  e. interpersonal skills.
ANSWER:  d

40. An engineer who can solve complex mathematical equations on the job has strong
  a. interpersonal skills.
  b. problem-solving skills.
  c. conceptual skills.
  d. diagnostic skills.
  e. technical skills.
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ANSWER:  e

41. John, a middle manager in a high-tech form, has the ability to identify the products that consumers want to buy, which
is based on his ____.
  a. diagnostic skills
  b. conceptual skills
  c. technical skills
  d. interpersonal skills
  e. All of the above
ANSWER:  b

42. Under the systems perspective, a system is defined as

  a. an interrelated set of elements that functions as a whole.
  b. a procedure for fair and impartial performance
appraisals.
  c. a collection of independent organizations.
  d. the central technology of the organization.
  e. the ideal process for completing a particular job.
ANSWER:  a

43. All of the following are inputs an organization receives from its environment EXCEPT
  a. money.
  b. materials.
  c. people.
  d. employee behaviors.
  e. information.
ANSWER:  d

44. Under the systems view, the profits that Wal-Mart receives as a result of the services it provides is one type of
  a. technology.
  b. output.
  c. input.
  d. transformation.
  e. contingency.
ANSWER:  b

45. The systems view is important to managers because it

  a. underscores the importance of the organization's environment.
  b. gives them a set procedure for making decisions.
  c. allows them to eliminate the interaction among various elements of the
organization.
  d. reduces their risk of human error.
  e. shifts the focus from outside the company to inside the company.
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ANSWER:  a

46. Which of the following perspectives argues that there's "one best way" to solve a problem that will work for any
organization?
  a. The universal perspective
  b. Behavioral organization theory
  c. The systems perspective
  d. The interactional perspective
  e. The contingency perspective
ANSWER:  a

47. Which perspective of management would most likely refute the notion that one style of leadership would enhance
employee satisfaction and job performance under any condition?
  a. Situational perspective
  b. Classical perspective
  c. Behavioral perspective
  d. Interactional perspective
  e. Universal perspective
ANSWER:  a

48. ____ attempts to explain how people select, interpret, and change various situations.
  a. Interactionalis
m
  b. Contextualism
  c. Universalism
  d. Individualism
  e. Systems theory
ANSWER:  a

49. Which of the following is not studied as a group-level outcome in organizational behavior?

  a. Productivity
  b. Absenteeism
  c. Norms
  d. Performance
  e. Cohesiveness
ANSWER:  b

50. Some outcomes can be studied at the individual, group, and organization levels. Which of the following is generally
assessed at both the individual and organizational levels?
  a. Absenteeism
  b. Financial performance
  c. Survival
  d. Norms

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  e. Cohesiveness
ANSWER:  a

51. A person's ____________________ is an indicator of his or her efficiency and is measured in terms of the products or
services created per unit of output.
  a. productivity
  b. absenteeism
  c. turnover
  d. profitability
  e. cost-effectiveness
ANSWER:  a

52. A ________ is anything that gives a firm an edge over rivals in attracting customers and defending itself against
competition.
  a. cultural privilege
  b. business bias
  c. personal talent
  d. competitive advantage
  e. monopoly
ANSWER:  d

53. Successful business strategies are grounded in creating and maintaining a competitive advantage that is
______________. 
  a. inflexible
  b. sustainable
  c. volatile
  d. intangible
  e. all of these
ANSWER:  b

54. According to Michael Porter, to have a competitive advantage, a company must ultimately be able to give customers
_______________.
  a. the best possible product
  b. the best possible service
  c. the best possible price
  d. superior value for their money
  e. everything they want
ANSWER:  d

55. Although Costco pays its employees substantially more than its closest competitor, Sam’s Club, it has similar financial
returns on its labor costs due to which of the following?
  a. lower turnover and higher levels of productivity
  b. higher turnover and higher levels of employee productivity

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  c. promotion-from-within policies and better benefits
  d. a larger part-time workforce
ANSWER:  a

56. Firms pursuing a __________ strategy strive to be the lowest cost producer in an industry for a particular level of
product quality.
  a. cost leadership
  b. differentiation
  c. specialization
  d. growth
  e. self-
sabotaging
ANSWER:  a

57. Which of the following is NOT a source of competitive advantage?

  a. selling the most expensive version of an adequate
product
  b. having a well-known brand name
  c. providing the best customer service
  d. being more convenient to buy from
  e. developing a steady stream of innovative products
ANSWER:  a

58. If a company creates and maintains a culture that encourages employees to bring new ideas into the company, it is
most likely to be using what strategy?
  a. cost leadership
  b. differentiation
  c. specialization
  d. growth
  e. sabotage
ANSWER:  b

59. Businesses pursuing a ______________ strategy focus on a narrow market segment or niche. 

  a. cost leadership
  b. differentiation
  c. specialization
  d. growth
  e. psychological
ANSWER:  c

60. Organizations pursuing a specialization strategy often try to develop a competitive advantage based on
customer ____________.
  a. intimidation

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  b. integrity
  c. intimacy
  d. integration
  e. immolation
ANSWER:  c

61. Organizations pursuing a differentiation strategy often try to develop a competitive advantage based on product
_____________.
  a. intervention
  b. integration
  c. invitation
  d. innovation
  e. integrity
ANSWER:  d

62. Maximizing the efficiency of the manufacturing or product development process to minimize costs is referred to as
_________.
  a. managerial skill
  b. business superiority
  c. operational excellence
  d. maintenance strategy
  e. differentiation
ANSWER:  c

63. An organization with a product innovation competitive advantage would likely seek a core workforce of research and
development employees who have which quality?
  a. an entrepreneurial mindset
  b. a shorter-term focus
  c. a low tolerance for ambiguity
  d. conservative values
  e. a high aversion to taking risks
ANSWER:  a

64. What strategy focuses on company expansion, either organically or through acquisitions?

  a. differentiation
  b. cost leadership
  c. specialization
  d. growth
  e. domination
ANSWER:  d

65. __________ management is based on the belief that productivity is maximized when organizations are rationalized
with precise sets of instructions based on time-and-motion studies.
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  a. Scientific
  b. Sociological
  c. Straightforward
  d. Strategic
  e. Stratospheric
ANSWER:  a

66. After World War I, attention shifted away from scientific management to understanding the role of _____________ in
organizations. 
  a. managerial corruption
  b. law and politics
  c. gender and sexual harassment
  d. religion and spirituality
  e. human factors and psychology
ANSWER:  e

67. The __________ effect occurs when people improve some aspect of their behavior or performance because they know
that they are being assessed.
  a. Hamilton
  b. Henricks
  c. Hawthorne
  d. Hampton
  e. Hoover
ANSWER:  c

68. Deming’s ______________ cycle of continuous improvement promoted the adoption of 14 principles to make any
organization efficient and capable of solving almost any problem.
  a. plan-do-check-act
  b. plan-check-act-do
  c. act-do-check-plan
  d. act-plan-check-do
  e. check-plan-act-do
ANSWER:  a

69. Deming felt that when things go wrong, there is a 94 percent chance that the ________ rather than the __________ is
the cause.
  a. user, technology
  b. technology, user
  c. system, worker
  d. worker, system
  e. organization, environment
ANSWER:  c

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70. 
Decades of research have reinforced some of what many people intuitively believe about OB and identified common
misunderstandings, Which of the following questions could NOT be answered as a result of this research into OB?
  a. What goal level will best motivate my employees?
  b. How important is job satisfaction to job
performance?
  c. Should I seek a promotion with a competing firm?
  d. Is stress always bad?
ANSWER:  c

71. The _________ method relies on systematic studies that identify and replicate a result using a variety of methods,
samples, and settings. 
  a. philosophical
  b. statistical
  c. mathematical
  d. scientific
  e. humanist
ANSWER:  d

72. What is the term for a written prediction specifying expected relationships between certain variables?
  a. hypothesis
  b. theory
  c. prophecy
  d. correlation
  e. statistic
ANSWER:  a

73. A _________ is a collection of verbal and symbolic assertions that specify how and why variables are related, and the
conditions under which they should and should not relate. 
  a. hypothesi
s
  b. theory
  c. data set
  d. fact
  e. statistic
ANSWER:  b

74. Which of the following is a hypothesis?

  a. Setting a goal will be positively related to the number of products assembled.
  b. A researcher found a .8 correlation between goal-setting and productivity.
  c. Personally, I am more productive when I set goals.
  d. I wonder if there is a relationship between goal-setting and productivity.
  e. There is no way to determine whether goal-setting is positively or negatively related to
productivity.
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ANSWER:  a

75. The _________ variable in an experiment is predicted to affect something else.

  a. dependent
  b. independent
  c. codependent
  d. interdependent
  e. measured
ANSWER:  b

76. The _________ variable in an experiment is predicted to be affected by something else.

  a. dependent
  b. independent
  c. codependent
  d. interdependent
  e. control
ANSWER:  a

77. A researcher hypothesizes that the age of employees influences their awareness of diversity. In this example, age is the
_____________ and diversity awareness is the ____________.
  a. variable, control
  b. theory, correlation
  c. correlation, theory
  d. independent variable, dependent variable
  e. dependent variable, independent variable
ANSWER:  d

78. A _______________ reflects the size and strength of the statistical relationship between two variables.
  a. correlation
  b. mean
  c. mode
  d. standard deviation
  e. range
ANSWER:  a

79. What letter is used to refer to a correlation?

  a. r
  b. f
  c. p
  d. n
  e. c
ANSWER:  a

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80. What is the range of correlations?
  a. 0 to 10
  b. 1 to 10
  c. 0 to 100
  d. -10 to 10
  e. -1 to 1
ANSWER:  e

81. What type of relationship is indicated by a correlation of .9?

  a. a strong, positive relationship
  b. a weak, positive relationship
  c. no relationship
  d. a weak, negative relationship
  e. a strong, negative
relationship
ANSWER:  a

82. A researcher is studying the relationship between age and diversity awareness and finds a negative correlation. What
does that mean?
  a. As age increases, diversity awareness increases.
  b. As age decreases, diversity awareness decreases.
  c. As age increases, diversity awareness decreases.
  d. A person's age doesn't affect her level of diversity
awareness.
  e. The study was inconclusive.
ANSWER:  c

83. __________ is a statistical technique used to combine the results of many different research studies done in a variety
of organizations and for a variety of jobs.
  a. Standard deviation
  b. Path analysis
  c. Analysis of variance
  d. Regression
  e. Meta-analysis
ANSWER:  e

84. An understanding of OB can help organizations to prevent all of the following problems EXCEPT
  a. unhappy employees
  b. weak leadership
  c. lack of direction
  d. stagnating profits
  e. loss of market share.
ANSWER:  e
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85. Investing now in developing your OB skills will do all of the following EXCEPT
  a. prepare you to be a more effective employee
  b. prepare you to be a more effective manager
  c. prepare you to be a more effective leader
  d. help you to move up faster in any organization
  e. help you to improve your technical skills.
ANSWER:  e

86. Most service-quality experts say that _______ is the most critical element in building a customer-oriented company.
  a. talent
  b. management
  c. ethics
  d. compensation
  e. communication
ANSWER:  a

87. Seline runs a small company that sells medical software. She has devised a process by which her company is able to
develop new versions of the software relatively quickly and with almost no bugs. However, Seline believes that the
success of this process hinges on her company's unique makeup and the type of product it produces; she does not
believe that most software companies could use her process to any great effect. Seline's views embody which type of
perspective?
  a. scientific
  b. universal
  c. situational
  d. interactional
  e. pessimistic
ANSWER:  c

88. Which of the following is NOT a facet of human resource management?

  a. developing incentives to motivate employees
  b. developing incentives to use fewer employees
  c. creating programs to develop employees’ skills
  d. developing incentives to retain employees
  e. attracting high quality employees
ANSWER:  b

89. Scientific management achieved which of the following?

  a. it decreased the monotony of work
  b. it was eagerly accepted by workers
  c. it gave workers control over their jobs
  d. it increased productivity
  e. it saw wide use for over a century
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ANSWER:  d

90. Which of the following is NOT a dysfunctional behavior?

  a. absenteeism
  b. asking for a raise
  c. turnover
  d. sabotage
  e. rudeness
ANSWER:  b

91. Turnover occurs when people

  a. are called to jury duty
  b. feign illness
  c. get fired
  d. quit their jobs
  e. get promoted
ANSWER:  d

92. What term refers to discretionary behaviors that benefit the organization but are not formally rewarded or
required?
  a. organizational commitment
  b. organizational citizenship
  c. affective commitment
  d. normative commitment
  e. subjective responsibility
ANSWER:  b

Multiple Response

93. Which of the following are examples of technical skills? Select as many as apply.
  a. identifying which employee survey responses are likely to predict subsequent turnover
  b. figuring out why the number of quality applicants to a 5-star restaurant is decreasing
  c. coming up with a new product idea that will help your organization dominate a
competitive market
  d. persuading an employee to take on additional work during a busy shift
  e. ensuring that a piece of medical software is in compliance with HIPAA regulations
ANSWER:  e

94. Which of the following are examples of diagnostic skills? Select as many as apply.
  a. designing a new logo for a major advertising client
  b. figuring out why the number of quality applicants to a 5-star restaurant is decreasing
  c. deciding whether or not to undertake a risky acquisition
  d. providing negative feedback to an employee in a way that will correct her behavior
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without discouraging her
  e. writing software code for a new search engine
ANSWER:  b

95. Which of the following are examples of interpersonal skills? Select as many as apply.
  a. designing a new logo for a major advertising client
  b. figuring out why the number of quality applicants to a 5-star restaurant is decreasing
  c. coming up with a new product idea that will help your organization dominate a
competitive market
  d. persuading an employee to take on additional work during a busy shift
  e. writing software code for a new search engine
ANSWER:  d

96. Which of the following are examples of conceptual skills? Select as many as apply.
  a. figuring out which of two mutually exclusive market opportunities to pursue
  b. deciding whether to undertake a risky acquisition
  c. coming up with a new product idea that will help your organization dominate a
competitive market
  d. persuading an employee to take on additional work during a busy shift
  e. determining which of three CEO candidates has the vision that is most compatible
with the needs of the company
ANSWER:  a, b, c, e

97. Walmart is famous for exemplifying the cost leadership strategy. Which of the following is Walmart likely to
do? Select as many as apply.
  a. keep prices as low as possible
  b. keep expenses as low as possible
  c. rely heavily on low-wage employees
  d. automate as few jobs as possible.
  e. automate as many jobs as possible
ANSWER:  a, b, c, e

98. Which of the following is an example of a company employing a specialization strategy? Select as many as apply.
  a. Walmart decides to pressure its suppliers to keep costs as low as possible.
  b. Apple decides to create a phone that is unlike any other phone on the market.
  c. Harley Davidson decides that it will only manufacture motorcycles, not cars or other
types of vehicles
  d. Dunkin' Donuts decides to focus on selling donuts rather than a variety of baked goods
  e. Starbucks decides against opening any kind of store location other than a coffee shop.
ANSWER:  c, d, e

Completion

99. ___________________________________ can be defined as the study of human behavior in organizational settings,

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the interface between human behavior and the organization, and the organization itself.
ANSWER:  Organizational behavior

100. Regardless of size, scope, or location, all organizations have at least one thing in common: they are made up of
____________________.
ANSWER:  people

101. Organizational behavior is not defined as a business ____________________.

ANSWER:  functio
n

102. By designing jobs and establishing patterns of authority, the manager is performing the ____________________
function.
ANSWER:  organizing

103. ____________________ is the process of motivating employees of an organization to work together toward the
organization's goals.
ANSWER:  Leading

104. Performance evaluation and reward systems apply to the ____________________ function.

ANSWER:  controlling

105. ___________________________________ allow managers to better understand cause-and-effect relationships and

to recognize the optimal solution to problems.
ANSWER:  Diagnostic
skills

106. A(n) ____________________ is an interrelated set of elements functioning as a whole.

ANSWER:  system

107. Products and services, profits and losses, and employee behaviors are all types of ____________________ that an
organizational system releases to the environment.
ANSWER:  outputs

108. Managers, office equipment, funds from stockholders, and sales forecasts are all examples of
____________________ to an organizational system.
ANSWER:  inputs

Matching

Match each work outcome with the corresponding organizational behavior concept. What is each behavior an example of?
a. Susan declines to take a job with another company even though it offers a higher salary and
better benfits.
b. Lydia steals, on average, 1-2 office staplers per month.
c. Peter is beloved by his coworkers and boss, but he is actively looking for a higher-paying
job.
d. Hernando voluntarily creates a video guide for his coworkers explaining how to use the
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company's spreadsheet software.
e. Bob sells, on average, 4-5 dining sets per week.

109. productivity
ANSWER:  e

110. performance
ANSWER:  d

111. dysfunctional behavior
ANSWER:  b

112. organizational commitment
ANSWER:  a

113. lack of organizational commitment

ANSWER:  c

Match each term with its definition.

a. System
b. Universal perspective
c. Situational perspective
d. Interactionalism
e. Scientific management

114. Individuals and situations interact continuously to determine individuals’ behavior

ANSWER:  d

115. There exists “one best way” that could be used in any organization, under any conditions, to achieve positive
outcomes
ANSWER:  b

116. An interrelated set of elements that function as a whole

ANSWER:  a

117. Productivity is maximized when organizations are rationalized with precise sets of instructions based on time-and-

motion studies
ANSWER:  e

118. In most organizations, situations and outcomes are influenced by other variables
ANSWER:  c

Ordering

119. Order the steps of the scientific method, from first to last.

         a. data

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         b. hypothesis
         c. verification
         d. theory
ANSWER:  d, b, a, c

120. 
The diagram above shows the framework of the book. Order the fundamental questions that each section answers, from 1
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to 6.
         a. Why do individuals do what they do?
         b. What makes managers and organizations effective?
         c. Why does leadership matter?
         d. Why do groups and teams do what they do?
         e. How does the environment matter?
         f. How do organizational characteristics influence effectiveness?
ANSWER:  e, a, d, b, c, f

Essay

121. Explain why it is important for managers to have a good understanding of organizational behavior.
ANSWER:  Answer not provided.

122. Discuss the four basic managerial functions and how they related to organizational behavior.
ANSWER:  Answer not provided.

123. Identify, discuss, and give examples of the contextual perspectives on Organizational Behavior.
ANSWER:  Answer not provided.

124. Using the model presented in your text, briefly define systems theory. Give an example of each component of
systems theory as it exists in an organization.
ANSWER:  Answer not provided.

125. Compare and contrast the universal and situational perspectives in organizational behavior.
ANSWER:  Answer not provided.

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