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Grayson Galisky ([email protected])

January 5th, 2019

HI REDDIT
I am working on a PEEK filament Kickstarter and would love your support!
https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/ggalisky/cheap-peek
I am also working on V2, if you want to collaborate PM me
80% Submittal (First Draft) of BFP(Big FDM Printer) 3D Printer Project

By Grayson Galisky
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Table of Contents

Introduction………………………………………………………………………………………….x-y
Design………………………………………………………………………………………….x-y
Manufacturing Plan…………………………………………………………………………….x-y
Assembly Instructions…………………………………………………………………………….x-y
Bill of Materials…………………………………………………….x-y
Design Concerns……………………………………………………………………………….x-y
Recognitiongs……………………………………………………………………………………….2-3
Introduction

This version of documentation is meant for release on the internet. To all those reading I
hope this helps you build your high temp 3D printer. If you have any questions feel free to email
me ​[email protected]​ and I will do my best to get back to you
The goal of this project is to build a 3D printer that has similar capabilities to a Stratasys
Fortus 450mc 3D printer(link:​https://www.stratasys.com/3d-printers/fortus-380mc-450mc​ ). This
means the 3D printer must have a heated chamber, and a high temperature hotend.The
tentative budget is around $3000 for parts. I will not be including a second extruder for this
revision of the project. This version of the document is the 80% submittal version, which means
that this is the first draft.
Project Goals:
● High nozzle temperatures >400c
● Heated build chamber with a maximum temperature of 200c - Note In order to do this I
will need to have metal blower fans installed on the convection heaters in the chamber.
● Custom GUI on the panel due - this may take a while because I have to learn C++
● Large print volume
● Swappable bed surfaces - to make experimentation easy

Possible Future Features:

● Wifi print camera
● Filament detection sensor
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● LED lights instead of oven lights - maximum temperature issue

● Upgrading heaters to 220v and increasing the number of heaters
● Adding metal blower fans to enable a chamber temp of >80c and thus able to print Ultem

Odd Terms and Definitions

Bellows ​- This refers to a deformable accordion of fabric used to keep heat inside the
build chamber.
Bed tramming ​- Process of adjusting the angle of the bed to be on the same plane as
the nozzle is.
Heated Build Chamber ​- Internal build area of the 3D printer that can be actively
heated from 60c-100c (200c if metal blower fans are installed.)
HIWIN Knock Off ​- Non OEM copy of the popular HIWIN linear rails. These are lower
cost and lower quality than genuine HIWIN rails, but are still of acceptable quality
(depending on the supplier) for this project.
Dimension SST 768​ - This is an industrial 3D printer created by Stratasys in 2006. I was given
one of these 3D printers and have since scrapped it for parts for this project. A user manual for
this 3D printer can be found in the datasheets folder.
X,Y,Z Axis ​- These axes are defined in ​figure 1 Axis directions

figure 1 Axis directions

DESIGN

OVERVIEW
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Figure 3 printer overview​gives a brief overview of the parts on the 3D printer.

Figure 3 printer overview

FRAME DESIGN
Frame material comparison ​- ​table 1 frame material choices
4040 Aluminum extrusion Welded Steel Square tube

Pros Pros
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- Easy to assemble, no custom tools - Material is less costly

required - Frame can not come apart from
- Easy to make adjustments vibrations
- Easy to mount things on Cons
Cons - Anti corrosion coating required
- Expensive - Welding required
- Requires fasteners to build - Mounting holes must be drilled
- Expands with heat more than steel perfectly
does
- Screws holding it together could come
loose over time - threadlocker needed

Table 1 frame material choices

Frame Material Choice

Mounting parts and adjusting alignment is easier to do when working with 4040 over steel
square tubing. In addition, cutting aluminum extrusions is easier than cutting steel square
tubing. A CAD model of the final frame design can be seen in ​figure 4 4040 frame and external
fasteners.​ The frame is comprised of 4 x 903.2mm(35.6in) 8 x 800.1 mm(31.5in) and 4 x
533.4mm(21in) lengths of 4040 extrusion. Each of the corners features 2 external fastening
methods, a plate and a 90 degree angle connector. This frame size allows me to use 700mm
linear rails on the Z axis, 700mm linear rails on the Y axis, and 500mm linear rails on the X axis.
This allows for 381mm(15in) of travel in the X dir, 584mm(23in) of travel in the Y dir, and
434mm(17in) of travel in the Z dir.
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Figure 4 4040 frame and external fasteners

XY GANTRY DESIGN

Overall design
The XY gantry is designed around COREXY kinematics (link:​http://corexy.com​ ). The X and Y
axis utilize 15mm knock off HIWIN linear rails (​figure 5 HIWIN linear rails​) and linear bearings to
facilitate linear motion. While the CAD model shows that the X and Y axis are using 20mm
HIWIN rails I will be switching these to 15mm rails. Linear rails were chosen for this project
because of their relatively low cost and high precision. Data sheets for the rails can be found in
the datasheets folder included with this document. The Y axis rails are bolted aluminum
extrusions on the top of the 3D printer, and the X axis rail is bolted to the X Bar.
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figure 5 HIWIN linear rails

Steps per mm
Steps per mm will be calculated after I figure out what pulley size I am using through this
website:​https://www.prusaprinters.org/calculator/
Belt Path​ - ​figure 6 belt path
The belt path for this printer follows the same corexy belt path seen on a DBOT
(link:​https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:1001065​)

Figure 6 belt path

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Idler Pulley Block​ - figure 7 idler pulley block

The idler pulley block is made of a 3in square aluminum tube cut to size. The wall thickness is
1/4in. The current design incorporates two F608zz here bearings as the idler pulleys. The bolt
size is M8 and the white spacers are 3D printed in ABS.

figure 7 idler pulley block

Note - now that Filastruder is selling genuine gates belts and idler pulleys I may use those
instead after researching the differences link:
https://e3d-online.com/catalogsearch/result/?q=gates

Motor Mounting Block ​- ​figure 8 motor mounting blocks

The motor mounting blocks will be fairly simple and consist of a block of aluminum with stainless
steel standoffs to mount the motors to them.

Figure 8 motor mounting blocks

X Bar​ ​- ​figure 9 X bar

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The X bar is constructed with low cost aluminum angles to keep the bellows in place. It is made
from 10mm thick piece of aluminum. While it is not modeled, there will be threaded holes in the
X bar to mount the x axis linear rail. On either end of the X bar’s aluminum angles there will be a
clamping plate to secure the bellows. The X bar linear rail holds the extruder carriage. In
addition, the x bar has 4 threaded holes to hold pulleys for the belts.

Figure 9 X bar

The X bar mounts onto a linear bearing on either side, and those mounting points feature a slot
that allows for slight errors in the positioning of the Y rails - ​figure 10 X bar slots​illustrates this.

Figure 11 X bar slots

9mm Belt Size

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Still researching differences between 6mm and 9mm belts.

Limit Switch Locations ​-​ figure 12 limit switch locations

figure 12 limit switch locations

EXTRUDER AND EXTRUDER CARRIAGE DESIGN

Overall Design​ - ​figure 13 extruder carriage design

The overall design of the extruder carriage is similar to the design of the E3D tool
changer x carriage. The design uses a rectangular piece of aluminum that a front and a
back plate mount to. In my case the front and back plate function to hold the titan aqua
extruder, aluminum angles to create mounting points for the X axis bellows, the x axis
limit switch, cable chain mounting, belt clamps and wire management solutions.
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figure 13 extruder carriage design

Hotend Choice
Titan aqua - This was purchased for the SST 768 refurb project and is rolling over to this
project. The Titian Aqua’s water cooling not only cools the cold end of the extruder, but also
provides cooling for the extruder stepper motor. The maximum heat rating for the extruder
stepper motor is 80 C. This is important because the placement of the extruder motor is only
insulated from the heated build chamber by a thin piece of glass fiber silicone fabric and 20mm
of air. To aid in the efficiency of the cooling of the stepper motor I have applied thermal grease
between the aluminum water cooling block and where the stepper motor mounts as per the E3D
assembly instructions. I will be pairing the Titan aqua with a copper E3D volcano heater block, A
.4mm and 1mm E3D Nozzle X, high temperature 24v heater cartridge and a PT100 cartridge
thermocouple. ​Figure 14 hotend​shows an all of these components laid out
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Figure 14 hotend

Belt Clamps and Wire Management

The belt clamps on the extruder carriage are the same as the belt clamps designed by E3D on
their tool changer -​figure 15 carriage mounting holes and belt clamps ​shows a comparison of
both designs. Over tightening the aluminum plate that traps the belt may end up cutting the belt
depending on how thin the belt is.

Wires will be managed through either zip ties or a custom 3D printed cable guide. If using zip
ties the holes labeled in ​figure 15 carriage mounting holes and belt clamps​will not be threaded
and zipties with go through them. If using a custom 3D printed cable guide those holes will be
threaded and used to mount the 3D printed cable guide. In both cases the extruder carriage has
mounting holes on top that allow for a 3D printed cable chain mount and wire management cap
to be installed.
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figure 15 carriage mounting holes and belt clamps

Steps per mm
Steps per mm will be calculated as per this tutorial:
https://toms3d.org/2014/04/06/3d-printing-guides-calibrating-your-extruder/

BELLOWS DESIGN

Overall Design
Flexible bellows were chosen for this project to keep the heat from the heated build chamber
inside the 3D printer while the print head and z stage move. Having flexible bellows allow for
movement in the X, Y and Z directions with minimal heat escaping. Since the heated chamber
may reach temperatures of 200c, a silicone glass fiber fabric that has a maximum temperature
of 260C(500F) was chosen as the bellows material (datasheet and SDS attached). The silicone
fabric will be sewn with Kevlar thread because of its max temp of xyz. ​Figure 16 bellows design
shows how the bellows are designed and the lower photos are of the bellows system from a
stratasys F170.
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Figure 16 bellows design

Calculations
Calculations for the bellows fabric length needed can be found using the following equations
(Thank you to Tanner Prince for his help):

Bellows equations
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Note, both equations include an extra bellows unit to ensure that the bellow in their fully
stranded state never exceed a chosen maximum angle. These calculations will be fully filled out
once frame dimensions are finalized, however, z = 5mm, t = .432mm regardless of the frame
dimension assuming I am using a 17mil thick bellows material.
● L = the length of fabric in meters
● n = the number of units. A unit is defined as per ​figure 16 bellows unit
● X prime = the linear distance the bellows need to cover in meters
● t = the thickness of the material in meters
● H = 2z + y. z​ and y are defined as per figure 16 bellows unit
● 𝛳 = maximum angle a single bellows unit is allowed to extend and can also

XY Bellows ​ - ​figure 17 XY Bellows

The X Bellows are mounted to the X carriage and X bar aluminum angles. The y bellows are
mounted to the X bar and the Y axis bellows box

figure 17 XY Bellows

Z Bellows​ - ​figure 18 Z Bellows

The z bellos are mounted along the backplate of the oven.
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figure 18 Z Bellows
Extruder Bellows​ - ​figure 19 extruder bellows
The extruder bellows are mounted to the x carriage.
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figure 19 extruder bellows

Z STAGE DESIGN

Overall Design ​- ​figure 20 Z stage

The Z stage was designed to keep the temperature sensitive parts, like the linear rails
and bearings, out of the heated chamber, but still keep the build plate and heat in. This
was achieved by using a cantilever style bed with two steel support plates. These
support plates go through slots on the back oven wall of the 3D printer and allow for the
bed to move along the Z axis without letting a significant amount of heat escape. The
steel support plates are mounted to 25mm linear bearings and rails that are then
mounted to the linear rails. Between the support plate and the linear being is a piece of
aluminum that holds two steel flat bars. These steel flat bars are used to couple the ball
nut from the ballscrew to the Z stage. Also connected to the bed support plates are two
steel angles that attach to a steel plate. Mounted to this steel plate with M8 screws and
springs is the aluminum build plate. The aluminum plate then has a piece of glass on
top that is held in place with glass holders. The build plate is trammed relative to the
nozzle using a spring loaded 3 point system. Thumb nuts are located on the bottom of
the bed to assist in easy leveling I am using a 700mm long 16mm diameter ball screw.
This is another piece of HIWIN knock off linear motion hardware and a data sheet is
included. The top and bottom of the ball screw is constrained by the mounting kit
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provided from my supplier. Note - After performing static load calculations I found that a
25mm rail maybe overkill for my application.

​figure 20 Z stage

Z Axis Static Load Calculations

In order to evaluate if my choice to use a 25mm linear rail would work for my build platform I
needed to figure out the amount of force my bed assembly was exerting on the linear bearing in
the form of a torque. This was found using Torque = Force*Distance. Below is the calculation
and a data sheet that shows the torque ratings for the different linear rails from my supplier.
After performing the calculation it appears that my choice of a 25mm rail maybe overkill,
however, as the build plate moves a dynamic load is applied to the linear bearings, so in the
interest of making my system more durable I will be choosing the HGH 20 HA or HGH 25CA
linear rails from the data sheet below. In addition the calculations below only account for a
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single linear bearing. Since my design uses two linear bearings on either side of the build plate I
am positive that the build plate will be properly supported.

Holding Torque Calculations ​(Thank you Andrew, Will and Joaquin for your help on this)
The holding torque calculation is figuring out if the holding torque of the name 23 motors I had
would be sufficient for lifting and moving the z axis. This calculation does not solve for anything
relating to dynamic load and I need some help figuring out how to do those calculations.
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For this calculation we need to know some starting data:

● Lead of Ball Screw (5mm, .005m)
● Mass of the build plate assembly (18kg + a maximum printed part weight of 5kg)
● Holding torque of my name 23 motors (178 oz-in)

The real holding torque of my name 23 will probably be 60-80% of the rated value given I will be
driving them at 2.4A rather than the 2.8A they are rated for. Converting to metric units and
assuming 70% of the maximum that leaves us with a holding torque of .882N-m. Plugging all of
this data into the formula below using 0 for the external force and 1 for μ (source
link:​https://www.nidec.com/en-NA/technology/calc/torque/ball screw/​) gives us a torque of
around .2N-m. Since our holding torque of .882N-m is much greater than the .2N-m needed to
hold the build plate in place the name 23 should be sufficient for this application.

Steps Per mm Calculations

The name 23 I am using is rated for 200 steps per mm. The lead of our ballscrew is 5mm, and
lead is defined as “​the axial advance of a ​helix​ or ​screw​ during one complete turn
(360°)​”(link:​https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead_(engineering)​ ) Dividing 200 by 5 gives us 40
steps per mm for the z axis stepper.

Bed Leveling Adjustment Springs

The springs on the build plate are shown to be their compressed size (.661in uncompressed
1.5in) to demonstrate that the heads of the steel screws below will not collide with the bottom of
the aluminum when fully compressed. During operation the springs will probably never be fully
compressed. Even at the fully compressed state the spring still provides space for a silicone
heater pad to be stuck to the bottom with RTV silicone.

Silicone Heater Pad​ - ​figure 21 keenovo silicone heater pad

A keenovo custom 1300 watt 120V AC 22 in x 14.5 in silicone heater pad will be installed on the
bottom of the aluminum plate using a high temperature RTV silicone. If installed this will allow
for faster heat up times and uniform bed heating and faster heat up times. A small metal clip will
be made to guide the wires from the build plate outside the oven to ensure the build plate wires
do not get caught in the bellows fabric.
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figure 21 keenovo silicone heater pad

Glass Build Plate Holders​ - figure 22 glass build plate holders

The glass build plate holders will be sanded on the inner sides until they fit the glass corners
perfectly. The plate on top that traps the glass from above can be shimmed with folded
aluminum foil if it it's not quite touching the glass.

figure 22 glass build plate holders

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Managing Heat on the Z Axis Linear Bearings

If needed, heat syncs can be installed on the steel support plates where they attach to the linear
bearings, and a couple of computer fans can be positioned to push air across them via custom
3D printed air ducts that direct the air around the heat sink area (see ​figure 23 air cooling
solution for linear bearings)​. This solution makes more sense than developing a custom water
cooling solution.

figure 23 air cooling solution for linear bearings

Limit Switch Location​ - ​figure 24 Z axis limit switch location

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figure 24 Z axis limit switch location

OVEN DESIGN

Heated Build Chamber

The heated build chamber (HBC) is constructed using the two heater assemblies from the SST
768 ​- figure 25 SST 768 heater assembly​(note this heater assembly is not rated for greater
than 70-80C). The steel frame for each of these heater assemblies will be removed from the old
SST 768 frame with an angle grinder. A single heater assembly is comprised of a 400w
CALORITECH finned heater resistor capable of around 760C(1400F) max temp and two
COMAIR ROTRON 24v dc blower fans rated for a max temp of 70C (datasheet included). This
limit comes from the plastic blower fans. If these were replaced with all metal blower fans blades
with the motor mounted outside of the HBC then the system could go to the goal temperature of
200c. The build chamber will also get heat from the silicone heater pad on the Z stage.
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figure 25 SST 768 heater assembly

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Oven Walls​ -​ figure 26 oven walls

The oven walls will be made of .048in thick (1.2192mm) plasma cut steel panels. These panels
will be directly mounted to the 4040 frame as well as mounted with aluminum tube spacers. The
left and right oven walls will have holes drilled in them to allow for the mounting of the SST 768
heater models. The left and right walls are attached to the front and back walls using ⅛ x 1in x
1in aluminum angles. The bottom of the oven is mounted to the 404 frame via machined
aluminum angles. Throughout the oven there are a few places where there are small gaps.
Instead of machining metal parts to fill these gaps I will use high temperature 3M 2113
aluminum tape. This tape is rated for 315.6C (600F)

figure 26 oven walls

Oven Door​ - figure 27 oven door

The oven door is constructed from 2 hinges, 4 aluminum C channels, 2 sheets of 3/16 thick
glass, and 4 plasma cut steel bars. The handle for the door features two plastic coated
neodymium magnets to keep the door closed.
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figure 27 oven door

Oven Door Lining

The oven door lining (figure 28) will be installed on to the door via a series of hand drilled
through holes and counter sunk holes. These holes will be hand drilled after the rest of the door
parts have been manufactured.

Figure 28
Insulation Packing
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Insulation will be packed into the walls of the printer as per ​figure 29 oven insulation.​ I will be
using fiberglass insulation salvaged from a household oven. Insulation will be held inside of the
walls of the printer using sheet metal panels fabricated from scrap.

figure 29 oven insulation

Lighting
I will be using high temperature oven lights, and they will be mounted as shown in ​figure 30
lighting

figure 30 lighting

ELECTRONICS
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Overall Design ​- figure 31 Wiring Diagram

An electrician will be hired to install 2 15A 120V AC outlets to provide power to this printer. I
want to install thermal fuses, but am not entirely sure how they work. I have a few thermal fuses
left over from the SST 768 that I may reuse for this project. The chamber blower fans are
attached to the controllable fan outputs on the Duet wifi. Each input is rated for 1.5A each, and
there are a total of 4 chamber blower fans that are rated for .48A each. Note - a higher
resolution image of this schematic can be found in the attached data sheets folder.

figure 31 wiring diagram

Electronics Placement and Cooling​ - ​figure 32 electronics placement

The electronics will be mounted to the very back of the Z stage via standoffs. They will be
actively cooled and custom 3D printer fan ducts will be designed to deliver cold air where it
needs to go. A plastic or metal protective shell will also be installed over the electronics. The
power supplies and terminal blocks will be installed below the printer on the welded steel table.
The panel due will be placed on the front face of the 3D printer in the top right corner.
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figure 32 electronics placement

Control Board ​- figure 33 Duet Wifi

I will be using the Duet WIFI for this project because of its 32 bit architecture, open source
development, ease of expansion, and 3 amp stepper drives that allow for the use of name 23
motors.

figure 33 Duet Wifi

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Motors
I have selected ​2.8A 179oz.in ​Nema 23 stepper motors for this project. Initially I planned to use
these on my SST 768 refurb build.
Here are some calculations about motors
https://3dprinting.stackexchange.com/questions/212/how-do-i-determine-the-acceleration-value-
for-my-printer

https://duet3d.dozuki.com/Wiki/Choosing_and_connecting_stepper_motors

User Interface Methods

-7in touch screen: Panel Due -​ figure 34 panel due 7 in
- figure x Duet Wifi

figure 34 panel due 7 in

Water Cooling​ -​ figure 35 water cooling

A water cooling loop is needed to use the E3D titan Aqua extruder. I am using a small water
pump (​Flow: 4l/min 12V DC)​, a ​158mm x 120mm x 30mm PC radiator with an appropriately
sized PC cooling fin attached, and Voss water bottle as a low cost reservoir​. This ​reservoir will
be sealed where the tubes enter with silicone.​ Distilled water will be used for the fluid inside the
cooling loop. The radiator for the water cooling loop will be mounted on the electronics panel on
the back of the printer.
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figure 35 water cooling

MISCELLANEOUS DESIGN

Limit Switch Holders and Cable Chain Holder​ - ​figure 36 plastic parts
Both of these items will be printed in ABS. If they begin to melt I will print them in ULTEM.

figure 36 plastic parts

Table Design​ - figure 37 table design

I am planning on working with a friend to weld together a custom steel table for the printer to sit
on. The table will be made of a combination of welded steel angles and steel square tube. It will
also be spray painted with an anti corrosion paint layer after construction is complete. The
power supplies and filament spool holders as well as frequently used maintenance equipment
will be stored throughout the table. Castor wheels maybe added if needed. ​figure 37 table
design​is a concept render of this table The table sits 26 inches tall, which makes using the
touchscreen on the printer and performing maintenance while standing easy.
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figure 37 table design

Aesthetics
In the future I may add painted plastic panels on the outside of the printer to give it a more
professional look. These panels would be mounted on standoffs attached to the frame of the 3D
printer. An example of an implementation of plastic panels is on the Fortus 450MC - ​figure 38
Fortus 380 and 450mc

figure 38 Fortus 380 and 450mc

MANUFACTURING PLAN - INCOMPLETE

I currently have very little to no experience with machining parts out of aluminum or steel. I have
access to a drill press, manual mill, and a plasma CNC table.

Drawings of each part that needs to be machined will be produced after I review feedback on
my current design. In addition, an assembly guide will also be produced once all parts are
finalized. Below are some of the parts I need to make and the manufacturing methods I will be
using to make them. The photos are not to scale.

Example of parts I plan on making with a Plasma CNC table:

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Example of parts I plan on making with a manual mill or CNC:

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Example of parts I plan on making with a chop saw and drill press:
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Assembly Guide - Incomplete

Guide for Aligning Z Axis Linear Rails:

https://www.cnczone.com/forums/cnc-wood-router-project-log/127895-cnc-forum-4.html#
post1014678

Design Concerns

Aluminum Frame expanding due to heat and causing binding in XY gantry

Mark Rehorst built a 300mmx300mmx700mm Corexy 3D printer and intended for the printer to
have a head build volume. He was concerned about binding occurring in the XY gantry due to
the aluminum frame expanding and I have the same concern for my design.
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“​When the printer is enclosed and heated for printing ABS, the aluminum frame will expand, but
the steel linear guides will expand much less. As the frame expands, the Y axis linear guides
will move apart. If the steel X axis guide rail is solidly bolted to the Y axis bearing blocks, when
the Y axis guides start moving apart, the X axis will put huge side loads on those bearing
blocks, possibly causing the mechanism to bind. I addressed that potential problem by bolting
the X axis rail to only one of the Y axis blocks via the pulley mount. At the other end of the X
axis I used a second X axis bearing block (at the top of the X axis in the photo above) to
connect to the Y axis bearing block via the tubular pulley mount. This allows the Y axis rails to
move apart but fully constrains the X axis otherwise. It seems to be working well.​”

This may not be an issue for me since my X bar is made of aluminum as well as my frame, so
as my frame expands so does the aluminum on the X bar. It also may not be an issue for the
design at all since there will be an insulation barrier between the aluminum frame and the
heated build chamber. In addition, the aluminum frame on my printer will be exposed to ambient
air temperature (or fans pushing air) and therefore may not expand to the point where it causes
binding - ​further testing and research is required.

Maximum temperature of Hiwin knock off linear bearing is around 100c

While the linear bearings will be placed outside the heated build chamber, they have the steel
bed supports mounted to them, and those steel bed supports will be in the heated build
chamber. Figure x shows a potential solution to this issue, but it is still a design concern.

Thank You!

A Big Thank you to the following people

Gloria - workspace, consultation, and moral support
Randy - workspace, consultation, and moral support
Tanner - bellows calculations
William - consultation, calculations, solidworks help
Andrew - consultation, calculations
Joaquin - consultation, calculations, welding, editing
Nam - parts
Tom - parts and consultation
Tanner - bellows equation
David - SST 768
Tim - consultation, parts

Sources of Design inspiration:

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E3D tool changer:

https://e3d-online.com/blog/2018/08/20/e3d-tool-changer-and-motion-system-beta-30-incoming/
Stratasys Fortus 450mc: ​https://www.stratasys.com/3d-printers/fortus-380mc-450mc
Ultra Megamax Dominator Pro: ​http://mark.rehorst.com
Sasquatch's CoreXY Design/Build: ​https://reprap.org/forum/read.php?397,783495,page=1
Dbot: ​https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:1001065
Useful online tools
Online LateX editor ​https://www.codecogs.com/latex/eqneditor.php
Online EDA tool ​https://easyeda.com/search?wd=