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Product:  MOTOR GRADER

Model:  16M MOTOR GRADER B9H
Configuration: 16M Motor Grader B9H00001-UP (MACHINE) POWERED BY C13 Engine

Troubleshooting
C11 and C13 Engines for 14M and 16M Motor Graders
Media Number -RENR9344-
RENR9344-02 Publication Date -01/09/2010 Date Updated -15/09/2010

i02796280

Sensor Signal (Analog, Passive) - Test

SMCS - 1439-038

System Operation Description:

Use this procedure to troubleshoot the electrical system if a problem is suspected with the sensor or if any one of the diagnostic codes in Table 1 is active or easily repeated.

Table 1
Diagnostic Codes Table
Code and Description Conditions which Generate this Code System Response
The engine's Electronic Control Module (ECM)
detects signal voltage that is more than 4.95 VDC for
110-3 Engine Coolant Temperature
eight seconds. The code is logged if the engine has been running for more than seven minutes. The ECM uses the last valid engine coolant
Sensor voltage above normal
The ECM has been powered for at least two seconds. temperature. If the diagnostic code is active at start-up the ECM will use intake manifold temperature. If intake manifold air
temperature is not valid, the ECM will default to
The ECM detects signal voltage that is less than 0.2 90 °C (194 °F) for engine coolant temperature. The ECM will activate the cooling fan after this code has been active for more
110-4 Engine Coolant Temperature VDC for eight seconds. than eight seconds.
Sensor voltage below normal The ECM has been powered for at least two seconds.

The engine's ECM detects signal voltage that is more

172-3 Intake Manifold Air
than 4.95 VDC for eight seconds.
Temperature Sensor voltage above
The ECM has been powered for at least two seconds.
normal The ECM will log the diagnostic code. The ECM will flag the intake manifold air temperature as invalid data and the intake
manifold air temperature is set to a default value of
The ECM detects signal voltage that is less than 0.2 40 °C (104 °F).
172-4 Intake Manifold Air
VDC for eight seconds.
Temperature Sensor voltage below
The ECM has been powered for at least two seconds.
normal

The engine's Electronic Control Module (ECM)

detects signal voltage that is more than 4.95 VDC for
174-3 Fuel Temperature Sensor
eight seconds.
voltage above normal
The ECM has been powered for at least two seconds. The code is logged. The ECM will flag the fuel temperature as invalid data and the fuel temperature is set to a default value
of
The ECM detects signal voltage that is less than 0.2 40 °C (104 °F).
174-4 Fuel Temperature Sensor VDC for two seconds.
voltage below normal The ECM has been powered for at least two seconds.

System Operation

Use this procedure to troubleshoot any suspect problems with the following sensors:

• Coolant temperature sensor

• Intake manifold air temperature sensor

• Fuel temperature sensor

The sensor signal for the passive sensor is routed from the ECM to terminal 1 of each sensor connector. The sensor return for the passive sensors is routed from the ECM to terminal 2 of each sensor connector.

Illustration 1 g01303228

Typical schematic

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Illustration 2 g01193814

P2 ECM connector

(P2-13) Engine coolant temperature

(P2-30) Sensor return

(P2-56) Intake manifold air temperature

(P2-62) Fuel temperature

Illustration 3 g01155187

Connector for the temperature sensors

(1) Sensor signal

(2) Sensor return

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Illustration 4 g01200241

Sensor locations (typical left side engine view)

(1) Engine coolant temperature sensor

(2) Intake manifold air temperature sensor

(3) Fuel temperature sensor

Test Step 1. Check for "Active" or "Logged" Diagnostic Codes

A. Connect Caterpillar Electronic Technician (ET) to the service tool connector.

B. Restore electrical power to the ECM.

C. Monitor the diagnostic codes on Cat ET. Check and record any diagnostic codes.

Note: Wait at least 30 seconds in order for the diagnostic codes to become active.

D. Determine if a diagnostic code has occurred several times.

Note: A diagnostic code that is logged several times is an indication of an intermittent problem. Most intermittent problems are the result of a poor connection between a socket and a pin in a connector or of a poor
connection between a wire and a terminal.

E. Determine if the problem is active and related to one of the following diagnostic codes:

◦ 3

◦ 4

Expected Result:

A diagnostic code is not active.

Results:

• OK - A diagnostic code is not active.

Repair: The problem may be intermittent. If the problem is intermittent, refer to Troubleshooting, "Electrical Connectors - Inspect".

STOP

• Not OK - An active 3 diagnostic code is present. Proceed to Test Step 2.

• Not OK - An active 4 diagnostic code is present. Proceed to Test Step 4.

Test Step 2. Check for Battery Voltage on the Signal Wire

A. Measure the voltage on the harness side of the sensor connector between pin 1 and engine ground for the suspect sensor(s).

Expected Result:

The signal voltage is less than battery voltage.

Results:

• OK - The signal voltage is less than battery voltage. Proceed to Test Step 3.

• Not OK - The signal voltage is equal to battery voltage.

Repair: There is a short in the harness to the Battery. Repair the wiring.

STOP

Test Step 3. Create a Short at the Sensor Connector

A. Remove electrical power from the ECM.

B. Disconnect the suspect sensor.

C. Use a wire jumper in order to create a short between terminal 1 (signal) and terminal 2 (sensor return) at the sensor connector.

D. Restore electrical power to the ECM.

E. Access the "Active Diagnostic Code" screen on Cat ET. Check for an active 4 diagnostic code for the suspect sensor.

F. Remove power from the ECM.

Expected Result:

A 4 diagnostic code is now active for the suspect sensor(s).

Results:

• OK - A 3 diagnostic code was active before creating the short at the sensor connector. A 4 diagnostic code became active after creating the short at the sensor connector. The wiring between the ECM and the sensor
connector is OK.

Repair: Temporarily connect a new sensor to the harness, but do not install the new sensor in the engine. Verify that there are no active diagnostic codes for the sensor. If there are no active diagnostic codes for the
sensor, permanently install the new sensor. Clear any logged diagnostic codes.

STOP

• Not OK - A 3 diagnostic code is still active for the suspect sensor(s). There is an open circuit between the sensor connector and the ECM. Leave the sensor disconnected. Proceed to Test Step 5.

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Test Step 4. Create an Open at the Suspect Sensor Connector

A. Remove electrical power from the ECM.

B. Disconnect the sensor connector of the suspect sensor(s) with the active 4 diagnostic code.

C. Restore electrical power to the ECM. Wait at least 30 seconds for activation of the diagnostic codes.

D. Access the "Active Diagnostic Code" screen on Cat ET. Check for an active 3 diagnostic code.

E. Remove electrical power from the ECM.

Expected Result:

A 3 diagnostic code is now active for the suspect sensor(s).

Results:

• OK - A 4 diagnostic code was active before disconnecting the sensor. A 3 diagnostic code became active after disconnecting the sensor. The wiring between the ECM and the sensor connector is OK.

Repair: Temporarily connect a new sensor to the harness, but do not install the new sensor in the engine. Verify that there are no active diagnostic codes for the sensor. If there are no active diagnostic codes for the
sensor, permanently install the new sensor. Clear any logged diagnostic codes.

STOP

• Not OK - A 4 diagnostic code is still active for the suspect sensor. There is a short circuit between the sensor connector and the ECM. Proceed to Test Step 5.

Test Step 5. Check the Operation of the ECM

A. Remove electrical power from the ECM.

B. Check the operation of the ECM by creating an open at the ECM.

a. Remove the signal wire for the suspect sensor from the P2 ECM connector. Refer to Illustration 1 for terminal locations.

b. Install a jumper wire with Deutsch sockets on each end into the socket for the signal wire of the suspect sensor. Hold the loose end of the jumper wire away from any components in order to create an open
circuit condition.

c. Reconnect the ECM connectors.

d. Restore electrical power to the ECM. Monitor the "Active Diagnostic Code" screen on Cat ET. Wait at least 30 seconds for activation of the code.

An open circuit diagnostic code 3 should be active for the suspect sensor.

C. Check the operation of the ECM by creating a short at the ECM.

a. Install a wire jumper between the wire jumper for the signal wire for the suspect sensor and engine ground.

b. Monitor the "Active Diagnostic Code" screen on Cat ET. Wait at least 30 seconds for activation of the code.

A 4 diagnostic code should be active when the wire jumper is installed.

c. Remove the wire jumper. Reconnect all wires and connectors.

d. Remove the wire jumper. Reconnect all wires and connectors.

Expected Result:

A 3 diagnostic code is active when the sensor signal wire is removed from the ECM connector. A 4 diagnostic code is active when the signal wire is connected to engine ground.

Results:

• OK - The ECM is operating properly. The problem is in the wiring between the ECM and the connector for the sensor.

Repair: If the code is active for more than one sensor, the problem is most likely in the return wire for the sensor. Repair the return wire for the sensor or replace the harness.If the code is only active for one sensor,
the problem is most likely in the signal wire for the sensor. Repair the signal wire for the sensor.

STOP

• Not OK - One of the following conditions exists: The 3 diagnostic code is not active when the sensor signal wire is disconnected. The 4 diagnostic code is not active when the wire jumper is installed.

Repair: Replace the ECM. Refer to Troubleshooting, "ECM - Replace". Verify that the problem is resolved.

STOP

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