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Engineering Mechanics

1) Engineering mechanics is a branch of physics concerned with the behavior of bodies under the action of forces. It includes statics, which analyzes bodies at rest or in motion at constant velocity, and dynamics, which analyzes accelerated motion. 2) Kinematics describes the geometric aspects of motion without considering causes of motion. It specifies the position, velocity, and acceleration of a particle over time. 3) Examples are provided to demonstrate calculating position, velocity, acceleration, time, and distance for particles moving in one dimension with various kinematic relationships.

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Alaa Telfah
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413 views

Engineering Mechanics

1) Engineering mechanics is a branch of physics concerned with the behavior of bodies under the action of forces. It includes statics, which analyzes bodies at rest or in motion at constant velocity, and dynamics, which analyzes accelerated motion. 2) Kinematics describes the geometric aspects of motion without considering causes of motion. It specifies the position, velocity, and acceleration of a particle over time. 3) Examples are provided to demonstrate calculating position, velocity, acceleration, time, and distance for particles moving in one dimension with various kinematic relationships.

Uploaded by

Alaa Telfah
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ENGINEERING MECHANICS

DYNAMICS
Chapter 12: Kinematics of a Particle
Mechanics: is a branch of the physical sciences that is concerned with the state of rest or motion of bodies
subjected to the action of forces.
Statics: is concerned with the equilibrium of a body that is either at rest or moves with constant velocity.
Dynamics: which deals with the accelerated motion of a body.
Kinematics: which treats only the geometric aspects of the motion.
Kinetics: which is the analysis of the forces causing the motion.
particle has a mass but negligible size and shape.
Rectilinea r Kinematics. The kinematics of a particle is characterized by specifying, at any given
instant, the particle's position, velocity, and acceleration.
Position. The straight-line path of a particle will be defined using a single coordinate axis s. The origin 0 on
the path is a fixed point, and from this point the position coordinate s is used to specify the location
of the particle at any given instant.

Displacement. The displacement of the particle is defined as the change in its position.
For example, if the particle moves from one point to another. ∆S = S' -S
Velocity. If the particle moves through a displacement……………….. V
avg = ∆S / ∆t  V = dS /dt

EXA M P L E 1 2 . 1:
The car in Fig. 12-2 moves in a straight line such that for a short
time its velocity is defined by v=(3t2 + 2t)ft/s, where t is in seconds.
Determine its position and acceleration when t=3s. When t=0, s=0.
NOTE:The formulas for constant acceleration cannot be used to solve this problem, because the acceleration is a
function of time. s V a

EXA MP LE 1 2 2:
A small projectile is fired vertically downward into a fluid medium with an
initial velocity of 60m/s. Due to the drag resistance of the fluid the projectile
experiences a deceleration of a=(-0.4v3)m/s2, where v is in m/s. Determine
the projectile's velocity and position 4 s after it is fired.
EXAMPLE 1 2.3:
During a test a rocket travels upward at 75m/s, and when it is 40m from the
ground its engine fails. Determine the maximum height SB reached by the
rocket and its speed just before it hits the ground.
While in motion the rocket is subjected to a constant downward acceleration
of 9.8m/s2 due to gravity. Neglect the effect of air resistance.
EXAMPLE 1 2.4:
A metallic particle is subjected to the influence of a magnetic field as it
travels downward through a fluid that extends from plate A to plate B,
Fig.12-5. If the particle is released from rest at midpoint C, S=100mm, and
the acceleration is a=(4s)m/s2, where s is in meters, determine the velocity
of the particle when it reaches plate B, s=200mm,and the time it takes to
travel from C to B.

EXA M PL E 1 2.5
A particle moves along a horizontal path with a velocity of v = (3t 2-6t)m/s,
where t is the time in seconds. If it is initially located at the origin O,
determine the distance traveled in 3.5s, and the particle's average velocity
and average speed during the time interval.
Fl2-1. Initially, the car travels along a straight road with a speed of 35 m/s. If
the brakes are applied and the speed of the car is reduced to 10m/s in 15s,
determine the constant deceleration of the car.
Fl2-2. A ball is thrown vertically upward
with a speed of 15 m/s.
Determine the time of flight when it
returns to its original position.

F12-3. A particle travels along a straight line


with a velocity of v=(4t- 3t2) m/s, where t is in
seconds. Determine the position of the particle
when t = 4s. s=0 when t=0.

F12-4. A particle travels along a straight line with a


speed v=(0.5t3 – 8t)m/s, where t is in seconds.
Determine the acceleration of the particle when t=2s.

F12-5. The position of the particle is


given by s=(2t2-8t+6)m, where t is in
seconds. Determine the time when the
velocity of the particle is zero, and the
total distance traveled by the particle
when t=3s.

Fl2-6. A particle travels along a straight line with


an acceleration of a=(10-0.2s) m/s2, where s is
measured in meters. Determine the velocity of the
particle when s=10m if v= 5m/s at s=0.

F12-7. A particle moves along a straight line


such that its acceleration is a=(4t2-2) m/s2,
where t is in seconds. When t=0, the particle is
located 2m to the left of the origin, and when
t=2s, it is 20m to the left of the origin.
Determine the position of the particle when
t=4s
.

F12-8. A particle travels along a straight line


with a velocity of v=(20-0.05s2)m/s, where s is
in meters. Determine the acceleration of the
particle at s=15m.

12-1. A car starts from rest and with constant acceleration achieves a
velocity of 15m/s when it travels a distance of 200m. Determine the
acceleration of the car and the time required.
12-2. A train starts from rest at a station and travels with a constant
acceleration of 1m/s2. Determine the velocity of the train when t=30s and
the distance traveled during this time.

12-3. An elevator descends from rest with an


acceleration of 5ft/s2 until it achieves a velocity of
15ft/s. Determine the time required and the distance
traveled.

12-4. A car is traveling at 15m/s, when the


traffic light 50m ahead turns yellow. Determine
the required constant deceleration of the car and
the time needed to stop the car at the light.

12-5. A particle is moving along a straight line with the


acceleration a=(12t – 3t1/2) ft/s2, where t is in seconds.
Determine the velocity and the position of the particle as
a function of time. When t =0, v=0 and S =15ft.
12-6. A ball is released from the bottom of an elevator which is traveling upward with a
velocity of 6ft/s. If the ball strikes the bottom of the elevator shaft in 3s, determine the
height of the elevator from the bottom of the shaft at the instant the ball is released.
Also, find the velocity of the ball when it strikes the bottom of the shaft.

12-7. A car has an initial speed of 25m/s and a constant deceleration of 3m/s 2.
Determine the velocity of the car when t= 4s. What is the displacement of the car during
the 4-s time interval? How much time is needed to stop the car?

12-8. If a particle has an initial velocity of vo=12 ft/s to the right, at So=0, determine its
position when t=10s, if a=2ft/S2 to the left.

12-9. The acceleration of a particle traveling along a straight


line is a=k/v, where k is a constant. If S = 0, v = v o when t=0, determine the velocity of
the particle as a function of time t.
   

12-10. Car A starts from rest at ( = 0 and travels along a straight road with a constant acceleration of 6 ft/S2 until it reaches a speed of 80
ft/s. Afterwards it maintains this speed. Also, when t = 0, car B located 6000 ft down the road is traveling towards A at a constant speed
of 60 ft/s. Determine the distance traveled by car A when they pass each other.

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