CENTRE OF GRAVITY

It is the point where the whole weight of the body is assumed to be

CENTROID (C.G. OR G)
Centroid is the point where the whole area of the plane figure is assumed to be
concentrated. Or It is the point where the entire length, area and volume is
supposed to be concentrated.

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CENTRE OF GRAVITY BY MOMENTS
The centre of gravity of a body may also be found out by moments as discussed below:
Consider a body of mass M whose centre of
gravity is required to be found out.
Divide the body into small masses, whose
centres of gravity are known as shown in
Fig.. Let m1, m2, m3....; etc. be the masses
of the particles and (x1, y1), (x2, y2), (x3, y3),
...... be the co­ordinates of the centres of
gravity from a fixed point O as shown in Fig..

Let x and y be the co­ordinates of the centre

where M = m1 + m2 + m3 + .....
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AXIS OF REFERENCE
The centre of gravity of a body is always calculated with reference to some
assumed axis known as axis of reference (or sometimes with reference to some
point of reference).

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CENTRE OF GRAVITY OF SYMMETRICAL SECTIONS
Sometimes, the given section, whose centre of gravity is required to be found
out, is symmetrical about X­X axis or Y­Y axis. In such cases, the procedure for
calculating the centre of gravity of the body is very much simplified; as we have
only to calculate either x or y . This is due to the reason that the centre of gravity
of the body will lie on the axis of symmetry

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CENTRE OF GRAVITY OF PLANE FIGURES
The plane geometrical figures have only areas but no mass. The centre of gravity
of such figures is found out using the following procedure. The centre of area of
such figures is known as centroid, and coincides with the centre of gravity of the
figure.

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Derivation of Centroid of Some Important Geometrical Figures
1 Rectangle
Let us consider a rectangular lamina of area b x d as
shown in Figure . Now consider a horizontal
elementary strip of area b x dy, which is at a
distance y from the reference axis AB.

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Derivation of Centroid of Some Important Geometrical Figures
2 Triangular area
Derivation of Centroid of Some Important Geometrical Figures
3 Semi circle area

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Derivation of Centroid of Some Important Geometrical Figures
4 Quater circle area

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Derivation of Centroid of Some Important Geometrical Figures
5 Sector of a circle

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Problem 1
Find the centroid of an T-section given below with reference to given x and y axis

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Problem 1 Figure 1

∑ = 4800 ∑ = 288000 ∑ = 456000

∑ 288000 ∑ 456000
̅= = = 60 = = = 95
∑ 4800 ∑ 4800
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Problem 1 Figure 2

Symmetric about Y­axis,

∑ = 4800 ∑ = 456000
∑ 456000
= = = 95
∑ 4800

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Problem 2

∑ = 4800 ∑ = −288000 ∑ = 456000

∑ −288000 ∑ 456000
̅= = = −60 = = = 95
∑ 4800 ∑ 4800
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Problem 3 Find the centroid of Figure
Problem 3 Find the centroid of Figure
73.52

63.79
Problem 4 Locate the centroids of the following area.

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Problem 5 Locate the centroids of the following area.

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Problem 6 Locate the centroids of the following area.

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Problems for practice 1 Find the centroid of Figure

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References
1. Elements of CIVIL ENGINEERING AND ENGINEERING MECHANICS by M.N. SHESHA
PRAKASH and GANESH B. MOGAVEER , PHI Learning Private Limited
2. Elements of CIVIL ENGINEERING AND MECHANICS by H J Sawant & S P Nitsure,
Technical Publications
3. ENGINEERING MECHANICS by N H Dubey, McGrawHill publications

Thankyou

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