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Centre of Gravity: Praveen Biradar

The document discusses the concept of center of gravity (CG). It defines CG as the point where the entire weight of a body can be considered to be concentrated and balanced. The CG is also the point through which the entire weight of the body acts. It then discusses the centroid, which is analogous to the CG but for planar shapes, taking into account area instead of weight. It provides methods to calculate the CG using principles of moments as well as for symmetrical shapes. Finally, it provides examples of calculating the CG for various geometric shapes like rectangles, triangles, semicircles, and composite shapes.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
80 views23 pages

Centre of Gravity: Praveen Biradar

The document discusses the concept of center of gravity (CG). It defines CG as the point where the entire weight of a body can be considered to be concentrated and balanced. The CG is also the point through which the entire weight of the body acts. It then discusses the centroid, which is analogous to the CG but for planar shapes, taking into account area instead of weight. It provides methods to calculate the CG using principles of moments as well as for symmetrical shapes. Finally, it provides examples of calculating the CG for various geometric shapes like rectangles, triangles, semicircles, and composite shapes.

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CENTRE OF GRAVITY

It is the point where the whole weight of the body is assumed to be


concentrated. It is the point on which the body can be balanced. It is the point
through which the weight of the body is assumed to act. This point is usually
denoted by ‘C.G.’ or ‘G’.

CENTROID (C.G. OR G)
Centroid is the point where the whole area of the plane figure is assumed to be
concentrated. Or It is the point where the entire length, area and volume is
supposed to be concentrated.

PRAVEEN BIRADAR
CENTRE OF GRAVITY BY MOMENTS
The centre of gravity of a body may also be found out by moments as discussed below:
Consider a body of mass M whose centre of
gravity is required to be found out.
Divide the body into small masses, whose
centres of gravity are known as shown in
Fig.. Let m1, m2, m3....; etc. be the masses
of the particles and (x1, y1), (x2, y2), (x3, y3),
...... be the co­ordinates of the centres of
gravity from a fixed point O as shown in Fig..

Let x and y be the co­ordinates of the centre


of gravity of the body. From the principle of
moments, we know that
Mx= m1 x1 + m2 x2 + m3 x3 .....

where M = m1 + m2 + m3 + .....
PRAVEEN BIRADAR
AXIS OF REFERENCE
The centre of gravity of a body is always calculated with reference to some
assumed axis known as axis of reference (or sometimes with reference to some
point of reference).

PRAVEEN BIRADAR
CENTRE OF GRAVITY OF SYMMETRICAL SECTIONS
Sometimes, the given section, whose centre of gravity is required to be found
out, is symmetrical about X­X axis or Y­Y axis. In such cases, the procedure for
calculating the centre of gravity of the body is very much simplified; as we have
only to calculate either x or y . This is due to the reason that the centre of gravity
of the body will lie on the axis of symmetry

PRAVEEN BIRADAR
CENTRE OF GRAVITY OF PLANE FIGURES
The plane geometrical figures have only areas but no mass. The centre of gravity
of such figures is found out using the following procedure. The centre of area of
such figures is known as centroid, and coincides with the centre of gravity of the
figure.

PRAVEEN BIRADAR
Derivation of Centroid of Some Important Geometrical Figures
1 Rectangle
Let us consider a rectangular lamina of area b x d as
shown in Figure . Now consider a horizontal
elementary strip of area b x dy, which is at a
distance y from the reference axis AB.

PRAVEEN BIRADAR
Derivation of Centroid of Some Important Geometrical Figures
2 Triangular area
Derivation of Centroid of Some Important Geometrical Figures
3 Semi circle area

PRAVEEN BIRADAR
Derivation of Centroid of Some Important Geometrical Figures
4 Quater circle area

PRAVEEN BIRADAR
Derivation of Centroid of Some Important Geometrical Figures
5 Sector of a circle

PRAVEEN BIRADAR
PRAVEEN BIRADAR
PRAVEEN BIRADAR
Problem 1
Find the centroid of an T-section given below with reference to given x and y axis

PRAVEEN BIRADAR
Problem 1 Figure 1

∑ = 4800 ∑ = 288000 ∑ = 456000

∑ 288000 ∑ 456000
̅= = = 60 = = = 95
∑ 4800 ∑ 4800
PRAVEEN BIRADAR
Problem 1 Figure 2

Symmetric about Y­axis,


hence ̅ = 0

∑ = 4800 ∑ = 456000
∑ 456000
= = = 95
∑ 4800

PRAVEEN BIRADAR
Problem 2

∑ = 4800 ∑ = −288000 ∑ = 456000

∑ −288000 ∑ 456000
̅= = = −60 = = = 95
∑ 4800 ∑ 4800
PRAVEEN BIRADAR
Problem 3 Find the centroid of Figure
Problem 3 Find the centroid of Figure
73.52

63.79
Problem 4 Locate the centroids of the following area.

PRAVEEN BIRADAR
Problem 5 Locate the centroids of the following area.

PRAVEEN BIRADAR
Problem 6 Locate the centroids of the following area.

PRAVEEN BIRADAR
Problems for practice 1 Find the centroid of Figure

PRAVEEN BIRADAR
References
1. Elements of CIVIL ENGINEERING AND ENGINEERING MECHANICS by M.N. SHESHA
PRAKASH and GANESH B. MOGAVEER , PHI Learning Private Limited
2. Elements of CIVIL ENGINEERING AND MECHANICS by H J Sawant & S P Nitsure,
Technical Publications
3. ENGINEERING MECHANICS by N H Dubey, McGrawHill publications

Thankyou

PRAVEEN BIRADAR

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