iduh lrd udjf;a ° ckjdr®.sl úúO;ajh yd .

egqï jdr®;dlrKh

iduh lrd udjf;a °

ckjdr®.sl úúO;ajh yd .egqï jdr®;dlrKh ( Y%S ,xldfõ hym;a ckudOH Ndú;dj
i|yd jk ióCIKh yd uÛfmkaùu

ISBN : 955-8037-86-9

lr®;Djreka iqkkao foaYm%sh iy cel,ska mdr®la

ia;=;sh wkacd lshqmr®ia" le;˙ka uela uefydka" fcda‚hd rhsâ"

ixck y;af;dgqj" wdpdr®h mS' irjkuq;a;= yd
úl,am m%;sm;a;s flakaøfha udOH wxYh

ie,iqu ÆhS iur®gka" .a,eâµa,hs óähd

PdhdrEm nqoaêl ùrisxy" Y%shka; j,afmd, yd .âµhs óähd

ldgqka cQâ fydrfpla

fuu ,shú,a, ilia lrk ,oafoa tlai;a ckmo idu wdh;kfha ^hQ' tia' whs' mS'& uQ,H
wdOdr u; h' fuys wvx.= woyia ckudOHfõ°kaf.a cd;Hka;r iïfï,kfha jk w;r
lsisu whqrlska tAjd tlai;a ckmo idu wdh;kfha ks, u;h m%ldY ùula f,i ie,lsh
hq;= fkdfõ'

fuu m%ldYkfha lsis≥ fldgila ljr wdldrhlska fyda m%ldYlf.a ,sÅ; wjirhlska
f;drj h<s m%ldYhg m;a fkd l< hq;= h' fuu .%ka:fhys ysñlï lr®;Djreka i;= jk
w;r fuys wvx.= ,sms m˙yrKh ls¯fï whs;sh lr®;Djreka fj; mejfr®'

1
iduh lrd udjf;a ° ckjdr®.sl úúO;ajh yd .egqï jdr®;dlrKh

mgqk

ye¢kaùu 3

.egqu yd ckjdr®.sl;ajh - jdo úIhhka 5

fn≥Kq wjYH;d
ckudOH N+ñldj
i;Hh" iduh" iy úIh uQ,sl;ajh

mr®fhaIK jdr®;dj( uyd úfNaokh - ckudOHfõ°ka

is;k wdldrh iy Tjqka jdr®;d lrk wdldrh 7
isoaê wOHhk jdr®;dlrKh( ckjdr®.sl;ajh wjOdrKh ls¯u
Y%S ,xldfõ wia:djrNdjh( .egqfuys miqìu

wmf.a i∞pdrd;aul rduqj ne| ;nk neñ 11

ckudOHfõ°kaf.a jD;a;Sh wdpdrOr®u moaO;sh ms<sn| c' cd' i' m%;sm;a;s m%ldYkh

ksrjoH;dj" ´md¥m iy i;Hh m%ldY lrkakka 12

weig fmfkkjdg jeä hula 13

ckjdr®.sl fn°u 14
ckjdr®.sl;ajh hkq t†˙jd†lu fkdfõ

ishÆ u me;s wdjrKh ls¯u 15

udOH ks¯ÈKh( §ks,¶ iqkdñ mqj;a

l;dj iïmQr®K jkafka woyia .Kkdjlsks 17

ia;%SmqreI iudc Ndjh ( .egqï ;;a;ajhl °
m%jD;a;s ldurfha úúO;ajh
mqj;a NdIdj
<uqkaf.a y`vg ijka °u
fjk;a ldKavj, ckhd yd iïuqL idlÉPd ls¯ug Wmfoia

uQ,fhka u ,nd .ekSu 20

mÈmd;s;ajh .ek lghq;= ls¯u
ixialdrl iajdëk;ajh

c'cd'i' .egqï jdr®;dlrKhg u. fmkaùï 21

ckudOHfõ°kaf.a wdrÈdld¯ l%shd l,dmh i|yd cd;Hka;r kS;s¯;s moaO;sh 22
m%fhdackj;a uQ,dY% yd wdY%s; .%ka: kdu f,aLkh 23

2
 iduh lrd udjf;a ° ckjdr®.sl úúO;ajh yd .egqï jdr®;dlrKh

tkï" u;=msáka oDYHudk jk foag tmsáka jvd .eUqrg lsπ

ye¢kaùu nei" iïmQr®K ixisoaêh wkdjrKh lr .ekSuhs' bka woyia
jkafka kj uQ,dY% yd kj woyia fiùu uÛska úúO;ajh bjiSfï
fl%daOfha m,a,fuys wm m%S;sfhka ≥jk úg yelshdj m%jr®Okh ls¯u i|yd kj wjia:d W∞ lr .ekSuhs'
kq≥gq .,la f,i Tn wm md mels<S jÜgkq ,nhs .egqu yd idudkH mqrjeishka flfrys tys n,mEu f;areï
wm úldrfhka fldgqù isák úg u .ekSug bv ,nd°fuka yd Bg úi∫ï fiùfuka" wúksYaÑ;Ndjh
≥rl:khla f,i Tn wmg ndOd muqKqjhs myùug jeä bv m%ia;djla ,efí'

ví' tÉ' wjqvka jD;a;ShuhNdjh

m%dfhda.sl jYfhka ñka woyia jkafka l=ulao@
wmg l< yels uQ,sl u yd jeo.;a u foh ir, j lshkafka
igka úrduh ;ju;a mej;=k o" °r®>ld,Sk iduh ;j≥rg;a Y%S kï" wfma rdcld˙h jD;a;Suh f,i" ksjer† f,i iy wdpdr
,xldj u.y˙ñka isà' 2004 jr®Ifha w. ° iqkdñh lvd j†k Ou¬dkql+, j bgq ls¯uhs' uQ,sl foaj,a ksishdldr j f;areï .;
wjia:dj jk úg rg wka;rdhld¯ f,i kej; hqoaOhlg b;d hq;=hs'
wdikak ;;a;ajhl úh' iqkdñfha ìysiqkqlu yd bka we;s jQ
úkdYh iu. ckudOHfõ°ka yg kj wNsfhda. /ila we;s úh' j.lsjhq;=Ndjh
iqkdñh yd ne∫Kq fkdfhl=;a mqj;a fukau" ±jeka; m%;sksr®udK
fojkq j" wmf.a whs;sjdislï yd j.lSï wNHdi lrñka" .egqï
lghq;= wdrïN ùu;a iu. n,Od¯ka tu lghq;=j,g j.lSug
mj;akd wjia:djl ksoyia iudchla mj;ajdf.k hEu i|yd
ne|;eîu jeks lghq;= úh'
wmf.a jD;a;sh ksoyfia yeisrùfï jeo.;alu wm úiska jgyd .;
iudchka mSvkhg m;a ù isák úg" Tjqkag n,mdk m%Yak
hq;= h' wm fuu whs;sjdislï ls%hdfõ fhdojkafka wm úiska
iïnkaOfhka m%cdjg i;H f;dr;=re ±k .ekSug bv m%ia;d
fiajh i,ikq ,nk m%cdfõ ksfhda‚;hska f,i nj;a" Tjqka
;sîfï jeo.;alu w;a±lSï u.ska wm Wf.k we;'
fjkqfjka idOdrK f,i" ksjer† j iy wjxl f,i jdr®;dlrKh
nyq ckjdr®.sl iudchkays t†fk∞ isoaëka jdr®;dlrKfha°
ls¯ug wmg j.lSula we;s nj;a iEu l,ays u wm isysfha ;nd.;
we;eï úg iudcfha mj;sk wd;;sh m%fldamld¯ jk w;r we;eï
hq;= h'
úg iukh jk nj ckudOHõ°ka w;aú| we;' m%pKavld¯ .egqï
iy foaYmd,k le,öï u.ska Ñ;a;fõ. ;shqKq jk w;r isoaëka
f;areï .ekSfï yelshdjg ndOl muqKqjhs' flfia fj;;a" iduQysl;ajh
ckudOHfõ°kaf.a ldr®hh jkafka tla me;a;lg fyda wks;a ;=kajeks lreK mqj;am;a l,dfõ°ka w;r iduQysl;ajh yd
me;a;g wdjeãu fkdfõ' wfkHdakH wdOdrh f.dvke.Suhs'
wmf.a ldr®hh jkafka" wmf.a jdr®;dlrKh u.ska yd lreKq iduQysl;ajh hkqfjka" wm ishÆ fokd u foaYmd,ksl
t<sorõ ls¯u u.ska" wfkHdakH jYfhka tlsfkldf.a ixialD;sl" jYfhka tlÛùula fyda úúO rgj, isák mqj;am;a l,dfõ°ka
wd.ñl" ckjdr®.sl fyda fjk;a fjkialï f;areï .ekSug Woõ fyda fkdfhl=;a lKavdhïj,g wh;a wh" úúO mqj;am;aj,g wh;a
ùuhs' fuhska woyia jkafka lreKq jika ls¯u fyda u;fío wh fyda m%;sjd° pek,aj,g wh;a wh w;r ;rÛld¯ njla fkd
hgm;a ls¯u fyda fkdfõ' thska woyia jkafka lreKqj, ;sîu fyda woyia fkdfõ' iduqysl;ajh mokïjkafka wmf.a
ixlSr®KNdjh f;areï .ksñka jdr®;d ls¯uhs' jD;a;sfha jeo.;alu ms<sn| fmd≥fõ tlÛ;djhla ;sîu;a"

1983 werô hqoaOfhka ishÆu ck fldgia w;r wNHka;r le<öï we;súh'

3
iduh lrd udjf;a ° ckjdr®.sl úúO;ajh yd .egqï jdr®;dlrKh

fyd|ys; mj;ajd .ekSug lemùu;a iy i;=rka fkdù lsishï udOHhkays l%shd l,dmh meye†,s f,i olajk .egqï
lreKla .ek fjkia u; ±¯fï whs;sh ms<s.ekSu;a fõ' NdIKfha jdr®;dlrKh ms<sn| isoaê wOHhk jdr®;d lSmhla o óg we;=<;a
ksoyi hkq tlÛ fkdùug we;s whs;shhs' fõ' fuh wmf.a jdr®;dlrKfha n,mEfï ienE ;;a;ajh ms<sn| j
b;du;au uQ,sl uÜgfï °" ckudOHfõ°ka Tjqkaf.a jeo.;a mdvï lSmhla bf.kSug ckudOHfõ°kag iy wksl=;a whg
ldr®hNdrh wdrlaIs; f,i bgq ls¯u i|yd wfkHdakH iyfhda.h Woõ fõ' tajd ne,Sfuka jdr®;dlrKh ;j≥rg;a jeä †hqKq l<
,nd°ug;a wdpdrOu¬ moaO;shlg tlÛ ù th ;yjqre fldg hq;af;a flfia ± hs wmg úuid ne,sh yel' ckudOHfõ°kaf.a
b†˙hg mj;ajdf.k hEug;a l%shd ls¯u wjYH fõ' wdpdrOu¬ mr®fhaIK u.ska yqjd olajk ,o lreKq ms<sn|j flreKq idlÉPd
moaO;shlg wkql+, j l%shdlrk jD;a;Sh ckudOHfõ°ka" fNao j,ska miqj h fuu isoaê wOHhk ilia lr we;af;a' fuu.ska wm
Wmojk wr.,hl° jqj l,yld¯ úhhq;= fkd fõ' jr®;udk ;;a;ajh .ek meye†,s Ñ;%hla ,nd fok w;r" th jeä
†hqKq l< yels wdldr .ek o bÛshla ,nd fohs'
c' cd' i' w;a±lSï' fuu fmdf;ys wNsm%dh jkafka mqj;am;a l,dfõ°kag
.egqï wjia:dj,° Tjqkaf.a l%shd l,dmh iy j.lSï ms<sn| j m%dfhda.sl w;afmd;la jYfhka Ndú;d l< yels ùuhs' tneúka"
idlÉPd yd jdo újdo meje;aùfï n,j;a iïm%∞hla hym;a Ndú;h i|yd fm<Uùula jYfhka iEu wxYhla
ckudOHfõ°ka i;= fõ' fïjd Tjqkaf.a cd;sl ix.ï yd ixúOdk wjidkfha° u m%Yak lSmhla we;=<;a fldg we;' idlÉPd i|yd
;=<ska o cd;Hka;r jYfhka c' cd' i' ;=<ska o lrkq ,efí' c' cd' w∞< fuu lreKq" isoaê wOHhk iu. .;a l< m%jD;a;s ldurfha
i' wjqre≥ myl isg ckudOHfõoh iu. .egqug yd iduhg w∞< fyda udOH /iaùul idlÉPd i|yd Woõ jkq we;' tfia;a ke;akï"
j ckudOHfõoh uqyqKfok wNsfhda.hka ms<sn| j lghq;= lrñka ckudOHfõ†hl=g fyda fõ†kshlg ;udf.a fyda ;u i.hkaf.a
isà' jev lghq;= ms<sn| j wdjr®ckhl fh°ug fhd∞ .; yels h'
miq.sh udi 18 ;=<" fuu.ska ckudOHfõ°ka yd lr®;Djreka mqyqKq lrkakkag" mqoa.,hskag yd ixúOdkj,g fuu fmd; Ndú;d
we;=<;a iólaIK jevigykla l%shd;aul úh' mqj;a jdr®;dlrKh fldg idlÉPd i|yd Wkka≥ l< yelsjdla fukau"
úur®Ykh ls¯u" .egqï ixfõ° ckudOHfõ°kaf.a yd wdpdrOu¬dkql+, jdr®;dlrKhka Yla;su;a ls¯ug o" fuu jD;a;sfha
ckudOHfõ°ka mqyqKq lrkakkaf.a cd,hla f.dvke.Su o óg yd wdpdrOu¬dkql+, jdr®;dlrKfha by< u ;,hg ke. .ekSug
wh;a úh' †jhsk mqrd úis¯ isák ckudOHfõ°ka yd lr®;Djreka wfmalaId lrk ckudOHfõ°kag yd wksl=;a whg o fuu fmd;
iu. mqyqKqùï uQ, iïm;a jeä †hqKq ls¯u" jg fïi idlÉPd" / Wmldr jkq we;'
iaùï iy mqyqKq jevuqΩ meje;aùu Bg we;=<;a úh' ;=kaishhlg fuu jdr®;dfõ mr®fhaIK úIh f.dvke.S we;af;a" fvkaudr®la
wêl ckudOHfõ°ka iuÛ lrk ,o ixjdo"" jdo újdo iy cd;Hka;r udOH iyfhda.S;dfõ wdOdr Wmldr we;sj" úl,am
w;a±lSï u.ska ,;a lreKq o" óg fmr Y%S ,xldfõ mj;ajk ,o m%;sm;a;s flakaøh u.ska ms<sfh, lrk ,o" §.egqï ixfõ°
jevigyka ;=<ska u;= jQ lreKq o fuu jdr®;djg mokï úh' ckudOHfõoh¶ kue;s m%dfhda.sl w;afmd; u; h'
c' cd' i' iy Y%S ,xldfõ ixúOdk úiska taldnoaO j mj;ajk ckudOHfõ°kag jvd fyd| .egqï jdr®;dlrKhla i|yd fuu
,o mr®fhaIK yd ixioj,g iyNd.S jQ fndfyda fofkl=f.a woyia fmdf;a wvx.= m%dfhda.sl bÛs fhd∞.; yel' fï ms<sn| j lshúh
fuu l=vd w;a fmdf;ys ms<sìUq fõ' tu ixúOdk w;r" úl,am hq;= fmd;a m;a Wm .%ka:fhys olajd we;' fuu uQ,dY% fndfyduhla
m%;sm;a;s flakaøh" ksoyia udOH jHdmdrh" udOH fiajl jD;a;Sh c' cd' i' fha wdishd meisµsla fjí wvúh u.ska bx.%Sis NdIdfjka
iñ;s iïfï,kh" jD;a;Sh m;% l,dfõ°kaf.a ix.uh" fou< udOH ,nd .; yel'
ikaOdkh iy uqia,su udOH ixioh o fõ' Tfí m%jD;a;s ldurfha idlÉPd wdrïN ls¯ug" m%dfoaYsh
.egqïld¯ ;;ajhka jdr®;dlrk ckudOHfõ°kaf.a fyd|u mqj;am;a l,dfõ°kaf.a ix.ï" udOH iudc" jD;a;Sh iñ;s u.ska
Ndú;hka yd wNsfhda.hka f;areï .ekSug whs' tµa' f–' f.da,Sh jdo úIhka u;= ls¯ug yd jdr®;dlrKfha .=Kd;aulNdjh
jevigyka u.ska ,o w;a±lSï yd iïm;a ñ, l< fkd yels h' jeä†hqKq ls¯ug o" wdjrKfha úúO;ajh iy mqj;am;a
wm%sldfõ m%cd;ka;%jdoh i|yd ckudOH jevigykska wm Wlyd l,dfõ°kaf.a wdrlaIdj .ek m%dfoaYSh ck fldÜGdY iu.
.;a ≤ fndfyda h' tjlg jev igyka wOHlaIl jQ Id fmda,a ixjdohl fh°ug o fuu w;afmd; Ndú;d l< yel'
udfldaia úiska fufyhjkq ,enQ fuu.ska" úfYaIfhka u wjidk jYfhka" lr®;D uKav, iajdëk;ajh yd udOH ksoyi
ckjdr®.sl .egqï" jdr®;dlrKh" úúO;ajh yd udkj wh;sjdislï mqj;am;a l,dfõ°ka úiska w;sYh jeo.;a lreKla f,i i,lkq
.ek ,nd.;a ±kqï iïNdrh fndfyda h' fuu fmdf;a wjidkfha ,nkafka ukao hkak .ek ieÛjqKq we;a; ±k .ekSu i|yd
° fuu m%ldYkj, fhduqjla olajd we;' c' cd' i' fjí wvúfhka foaYmd,k{hskag yd udOH wdh;k whs;slrejkag fuu fmd;
o fuu úia;r ,nd.; yel' m%fhdackj;a fuj,ula úh yel' tfuka u" l,a mj;sk hym;a
foaYmd,k kdhl;ajhla úiska udOHfhaa úúO;ajh Wkka≥ l<
fuu fmd; Ndú;d l< hq;af;a flfiao@ hq;af;a yd wdKavqj mdroDYH úh hq;af;a ukao hkak .ek;a"
fuu fmdf;ys wvx.= jkafka .egqï jdr®;d ls¯fï° mqj;am;a l,dfõ°ka w;r ksoyia „j .=Khla ;sîu;a" wj∞kï
ckudOHfõ°kaf.a wdl,am yd w;a±lSï iïnkaOfhka lrk,o iys; lghq;=j,g ,e†lula ±laùu;a f;areï .ekSug yelsjkq
mr®fhaIK u.ska fidhd.;a lreKq h' udOH ks¯laIK wNHdi we;'
foll m%;sM, Bg wh;a fõ' m<uqjekak udOH úiska .egqï
wdjrKh l< wkaou hs fojekak" iqkdñfhka miq udOH l%shd l<
cel,hska mdr®la
wdldrh hs' wOHÈ
c' cd' i' wdishd meisµsla

4
 iduh lrd udjf;a ° ckjdr®.sl úúO;ajh yd .egqï jdr®;dlrKh

.egqïj, iajNdjh f;areï .ekSu - tajd jr®Okh jkafka

.egqï iy ckjdr®.sl;ajh - jdo úIhhka flfiao hkak iy tajdg úi∫ï u;=jk wdldrh'

fn≥Kq wjYH;d idOdrKj jdr®;dlrKh - ishÆ u lKavdhïj, ixlSr®K;ajh

fjkia ùï is≥jk ld, m˙Éf√ohkays .egqï we;s ùu idudkH
iy Tjqkaf.a woyia jdr®;d ls¯u iy wmf.a lsishï
fohls' flfia kuq;a fjkia ùï ishÆ fokdgu idOdrK f,i
mlaImd;s;ajhla we;akï" ta nj meye†,s j mdGlhskag iy
ishÆ fokdf.a u ´kE tmdlïj,g wkql+, jk fia
l<ukdlrKh fkd l< úg tu .egqu m%pKav iajNdjhla .kS' krUkakkag b†˙m;a ls¯u'
n,h iy iïm;a fn∞ye¯fï° is≥jk wiudklï
fya;=fldgf.k iudcfha fkdfhl=;a fldgia tlsfkldg tfrysj .egqug fya;= yd tys miq;,h jdr®;d ls¯u - ishÆ
l|jqre n£' ckjdr®.sl lKavdhï jeks lKavdhï jYfhka Tjqka mdr®Yajhkaf.a kS;Hdkql+, fukau l,ams; ≥la .ekú,s ksjer†j
tlsfkldg úreoaO j l|jqre ne|" n,h yd iSñ; iïm;a i|yd ksfhdackh ls¯u iy l,ams; ≥la.ekú,s mjd .egqï b†˙hg
;rÛ j°' mj;ajdf.k hEug;a tu .egqï ksrdlrKhg;a jeo.;a nj
ckjdr®.sl" ixialD;sl yd wd.ñl lKavdhï w;r mdGlhskg isysm;a lr°u'
ikaksfõokh ì|jegqK úg yd mer◊ ≥la.ekú,s fkdúi£
mj;skúg .egqïld¯ ;;a;ajhka we;súh yel'
udkqISh wxYh b†˙m;a ls¯u - .egqñka úm;g m;ajQjkaf.a
ckjr®.hla" fmd≥ mdrïm˙l jxYhla" wd.ula" NdIdjla"
b;sydihla" ixialD;shla iy ish,a,g u jvd jeo.;a j fmd≥ Ñ;a;fõ.S lïmk iy Tjqkaf.a w;a±lSï ms<sn| úia;r" iunrj"
wkkH;djh ms<sn| yeÛSula" wd†fhka hqla; h' jD;a;Sh uggñka iy tajdhska jdishla fkd,nk f,i b†˙m;a
ls¯u' fuh tu mqoa.,hskag fukau wfma mdGlhskag o bgq úh hq;=
ckudOHfõ°ka" ckhdg nyqúO wkkH;d we;s nj
j.lSuls'
u;l ;nd .; hq;= h'
Tjqka Tjqka j olskafka mqoa.,fhl= úêhg" ms˙ñfhl= fyda iduh i|yd flfrk W;aidyhka jdr®;d ls¯u - iEu úg u
.eye◊hl f,ig" mjq,l fldgila yeáhg" rgl mqrjeisfhl= iEu ;kays u iduh yd iud∞kh i|yd fjfyfik wh fuka u"
jYfhka fyda we;eïúg ckjdr®.sl lKavdhul fldgila f,i h' .egqu l=ms; lrùug leiljk wh ms<sn|j o uQ,sl u,a,jhkag
Y%S ,xldfõ kï fuh uqia,sï" isxy, fyda fou< úh yel' Tjqkaf.a
w;sfr®l j kj uQ,dY% fiùu" jdr®;d ls¯u'
ckjdr®.sl wkkH;djh wjOdrKh jk m%udKh ;SrKh jkafka
ft;sydisl" foaYmd,kuh yd iudc w;a±lSï wkqj iy Tjqka
„j;ajk m%foaYfhys mj;sk iu.sh fyda wúksYaÑ;Ndjh wmf.a n,mEu .ek wjfndaOfhka isàu - wmf.a
u; h' jdr®;dlrKh .egqug iy Bg ue† jQ ckhdg l=uk wdldrhg
n,mdkafka o hkak .ek jegySula'
ckudOHfõofha N+ñldj
°r®> ld,hla hqo jdr®;dlrejl= f,i l%shd l< m%ùKfhl= jk i;Hh" iduh iy úIh uQ,sl;ajh
l%sia fycia" udOH iy rch" hqoaOh ms<sn| ñ:Hd m%nkaO
§udOHhg wh;ajk ckudOHfõ°ka" m%ldYlhska iy
mj;ajdf.k hdfï m%Odk idOlhka folla f,i y∫kd.kakd ,°'
lr®;Djreka iudcfhka fjka jQ wh fkdfj;s' iudcfha
ckudOHfõ°ka" úfYaIfhkau" Ñ;a; ffOr®hh fkdkeiS
mj;sk fn°ï" úreoaOjd°lï yd mlaImd;Slï j,g Tjqyq o
mj;ajdf.k hEu ish fufyjr f,i olS' zhqoaOfha fndrej kï
fldgialrefjda fj;a' ;uka fj; mej¯ we;s ldr®hNdrfha
iEu úgl u mdfya meyer ye¯fï fndrejhsZ hkqfjka fycia
n,j;alu .ek yeÛSula we;s Tõyq" Tjqka wh;a mdr®Yajfha
mjihs'
´kE tmdlï fjkqfjka Wkka≥j l%shd lrkq ±lsh yel¶
zwjidk ch.%yK udjf;a ux i,l=Kq f,i mrdchka
y∫kd.ksuq' wm wfma i;=rka hlaIhska njg m;afldg Tjqka ;j fcydka fmfr®rd" ks;r ks;r ckjdr®.sl m%Yakh ms<sn| j
≥rg;a ñksiqka nj m%;slafIam lruq' wms" wmu iy wfma ñksiqka" zfâ,s ñrr®Z m;%hg ,sms imhkafkls'
wka;su hym;a mqoa.,hska f,i y∫kajuq' tla me;a;la wks;a me;a;
olskafka foaj,a f,i h - wjidkfha u<ñkS f,i h'Z ^fycia - ckudOHfõ†hl=g iduh i|yd jk kHdh m;%hla wkq.ukh
2002& lrñka" ta yd iu.dó j i;Hh yd úIh uQ,sl;ajh i|yd
lemùula ;sìh yelso@
ñ:Hd m%nkaO u; mokï jQ hqoaOfha ixisoaëkaj,g fndre úIh uQ,sl;ajfha kshu jákdlu jkafka tu.ska ks,
jákdlula wdrEV lrkq ,efí' m%ldYkj, wvx.= foa u;=msáka fmfkkdldrhg u ms<s
.egqï iu:hlg m;a ls¯u ckudOHfõ°kaf.a ldr®hNdrh fkd fkd.ekSug ckudOHfõ°kaf.ka b,a,d isàuhs' th u;jdo úYd,
jqj o" wjxl yd nyqúO foaYmd,k újdohla f.dvke.Su m%udKhlg n, lrhs' fndfyda ckudOHfõ°ka tla ks, uQ,dY%hla
iïnkaOfhka udOHhg jeo.;a l%shd l,dmhla mejfr®' tfuka u flfrys f;dr;=re i|yd úYajdih ;nd we;s Y%S ,dxlsl ikaor®Nh
m%Yakhg ;=vq ° we;s lreKq iïnkaOfhka yd wúksYaÑ; nj ,sys,a ;=<" iunr jdr®;dlrKhla i|yd fndfyda woyia ,nd.ekSu
lrk m%;sm;a;s yd Wmdh udr®. iemhSu i|yd idOdrK jr®Okhla jeo.;a fõ'
i|yd wjYH fldkafoais ksr®udKh ls¯u" iy iudcfha ffjrh yd úIh uQ,sl;ajh mokï jQ ckudOHfõoh u.ska i;Hh jdr®;d
úreoaOjd°lï jr®Okh ùug fya;=jk kQ.;alu yd ìh iukh fkd jk nj we;eï úg fhdackd ù ;sfí' fuh úfYaIfhka u
ls¯u" udOH u.ska bgq l< yel' wka;rdhld¯ jkafka lsishï lreKla iïnkaOfhka ,nd.;a
fuh ls¯u i|yd ckudOHfõ°ka úiska .egqfï uQ,drïNh yd lreKq úIh uQ,sl;ajh mokï fldgf.k iunr jk fia b†˙m;a
Bg fya;= mdol jQ lreKq m¯laId lr ne,sh hq;=h' m%Yak fldg mdGlhdg ;Ska≥ ls¯ug bv ;eîuhs' fu,afndaka úYaj
ksrdlrKh i|yd jk m%dfhda.sl fhdackd ms<sn| j m%n, f,i úoHd,fha wdpdr Or®u úoHd{ kS,a f,ù g wkqj fuys we;s
jdr®;d ls¯ug yels jkafka túg h' .egqï mj;sk ld,hka ys Nhdkllu kï §wúpdrj;a j iunr jdr®;dlrKfhka is≥jkafka
jdr®;dlrKfha fhfok ckudOHfõ°kag" hqoaOh yd iduh ms<sn| úIH uQ,sl;ajhla fkdj" i;Hh iïmQr®Kfhka u úlD;s ùuhs'¶
jdr®;dlrK wdh;hkh úiska j.lSï yhla ksr®foaY lrhs' ^f,ú 2004&

5
iduh lrd udjf;a ° ckjdr®.sl úúO;ajh yd .egqï jdr®;dlrKh

tla jdo úIhhla kï" úfYaIfhka u .egqïj,°" iEu ckudOHfõ°kaf.a" i;Hhg we;s ne£u yd j.lSu idOdrKh
ia:djrhla u tl yd iudk jeo.;alula fkd Wiq,k njhs' i|yd we;s ne£u yd j.lSu iu. mEfyk f,i ilia lr .ekSu
tneúka tla tla ia:djrfha w∞< jeo.;alu .ek wjYH fõ' fome;af;a u woyia ,nd .ekSfuka muKla i;Hfha
ckudOHfõ†hd úiska ;lafiare fldg" tajd idOdrKj yd wruqKq bgq fkdfõ' úIh uQ,slj b†˙m;a l< o" ks, i;Hfhka
;ukaf.a yDo idlaIshg tlÛ j jdr®;d ls¯u wjYH fõ' Tíng" tys kshu wdksixi f;areï .ekSu i|yd ckhd le|jdf.k
W∞yrKhla jYfhka" fndfyda fokd ms<s.kq ,nk ms˙†" <ud hd yelsjkafka flfia ± hs fidhd ne,sh hq;= h'
fid,a∞≥jka n,y;aldrfhka n|jd .ekSu jrola kï" tfia l;djla ;j ≥rg;a b†˙hg f.k hEu i|yd wm úiska úIh
n|jd .kakd wh flfrys úYajdihla we;s jk m˙† wmf.a uQ,sl;ajh blaujd .fõIKh l< hq;=h' tys i;H-wi;HNdjh
jdr®;dlrKh idOdrK fkdl< hq;= h' t<sorõ jkf;la" úYaf,aIKh ls¯u" meye†,s ls¯u yd m%jD;a;sh
flfia fj;;a" fuhska m%pdrl jdis ,nd.ekSu i|yd ikaOr®N.; ls¯u i|yd th wjYH fõ' ±kgu;a fkdue;s jdo
wjia:djla ,nd fkd†h hq;= h' mqj;am;a l,dfõ°kag ;ukaf.a úIhhka m%jD;a;s njg m;a ls¯ug úIh uQ,sl;ajh ksoyig
mlaI.%dySNdjh wju fldg f.k úúO u; idOdrK f,i jdr®;d lreKla fkdjk neúka ckudOHfõ°ka ta ms<sn|j;a m%fõYï úh
ls¯ug hq;=lula ;sfnk nj f,ú u;la lr isáhs' hq;= h' ^lksxyeï 2004&

hqoaOh .ek Tõyq oks;s' hqoaOh hkq m˙mQr®K mõldr ;;a;ajhla nj;a tys
brdl hqoaOh wdjrKh l< wdldrh ms<sn|j ksõfhdar®la mrudr®:h fl%daOh yd úkdYh nj;a Tõyq oks;s' hqoaOh
ghsïia mqj;amf;ys l%sia fycia kue;s ckudOHfõ†hd úiska fjkaùu fmdaIKh lrk nj;a" wksjdr®hfhka th Y=kHjdoh
ksõfhdar®la fmd;a úpdrfhys° wjOdrKfhka lshd isákafka lrd hk nj;a" th „ú;fha meje;au yd mQckSh;ajh wdmiaig
hqoaOh f;areï .kafka;a tys i;H ;;a;ajh okafka;a thska yerùula nj;a Tõyq oks;s' hqoaOh ms<sn| ishÆ u jD;a;dka;
oreKq úmdl ú¢ wh ñi" foaYmd,k kdhlhka fyda m%N+ka m%pKav;ajg fm<Uùula yd jYSùuls' tfukau th o`vqjulska
fkd jk nj hs' hqoaOh .ek i;H f;dr;=re Bg l,lg miqj f;dr urkakg n,h ,;a foaj n,hla jeks wdlr®I”h jruls'
fy<sjk wdldrh;a Tyq wjOdrKh lrhs' tfy;a mrd‚;hdf.a l:dj tkafka hqoaOfhka fndfyda l,a
mrd‚;fhda hqoaOh .ek oks;s' hqoaOfhka ;=jd, ,enQjkaf.a bl=;a ù h' úhm;a ms˙ñ iy .eyekq Tjqka nd, <ud úfha
<f;daks" ksrr®:l ñksia >d;k" hqoaOfhka nv jvd .ekSu iy isáh° ,enQ w;a±lSï fy<slrk úg° h' Tjqkaf.a uj fyda mshd
k<f,ys w;a.id je,mSï wd†h ;srhlska uqjdfldg lSr®;sh" fyda >d;kh lrk úg° fyda meyerf.k hk úg° l=uk
.re;ajh iy foaYudul;ajh jeks úhqla; joka Ndú;d lrk yeÛSï we;sús◊ o" tfia;a ke;skï Tjqkaf.a f.a f∞r wysñùu"
hqoaO m%;sm;a;s wkqokakjqka úksúo ±lSug Tjqkag mqΩjk' ck fldÜGdYh wysñ ùu" wdrlaIdj wysñùu iy ñksia li<
ch.%dylhska fndfyda úg ms<sfkd.kakd wuQ,sl fndre Tõyq fia neyer,Su ord isáfha flfiao@ wd° jYfhka Tjqka
oks;s' .re .dïNSr hqoaO iaudrl yd ñ:Hd hqO w;a±lSï fy<s lrk úg h' tfy;a fï jk úg ljqrej;a
jD;a;dka;hkaf.ka iy ksr®NS;lu yd ifydaor;ajh weyqïlka fokafka ke;' hqoaOh .ek i;H f;dr;=re b†˙m;a
yqjdolajk l:dka;r j,ska wdjrKh fldg we;s fndrej iy jqj;a" yeuúg u fuka th m%udo jeä h' cd;sh úiska
wi;Hh Tjqyq oks;s' ksrdpdr rdcH ;dka;%slhska úiska rÑ; W;aijdldrfhka wdrïN ls¯ug kshñ; uyd jHjidhl
>klï u;l igyka fmd;aj, wvx.= úksúo fmfkk wi;Hh m%drïNh yd iu. fujeks l:dj, lsis≥ iïnkaOhla ke;s neõ
Tõyq ols;s' tu rdcH ;dka;%slhka hqoaO ksr®udKh l< o Tjqka hqoaOfha ksr®ud;Djreka úiska wmg iy;sl jkq we;' hqoaOfha
hqoaOh fkd okafka h' mrd‚;fhda hqoaOfha idrh l=ula ± hs ñ:Hdj lEor f,i Wrd fndñka tys n,fhka u;a j" wms fkd
oks;s' t kï urKhhs' hqoaOh hkq u<ñkS ms<sn| wdYdj nj ≥gq fia isáuq'

6
 iduh lrd udjf;a ° ckjdr®.sl úúO;ajh yd .egqï jdr®;dlrKh

iólaIK m%;sM,

uyd fn°u - ckudOHfõ°ka is;kafka flfiao@" jdr®;d lrkafka flfiao@

.egqïld¯ ;;a;ajhka ;=< udOHfha l%shd l,dmh .ek fndfyda isxy, †km;d mqj;am; jk †jhsk idu l%shdj,shg tfrys j
ú.%yhka fl¯ we;s w;r" bka jeä y˙hla wjOdkh fhduq lr m%jD;a;s 15 la o mlaI j m%jD;a;s 3 la o m< fldg ;snq◊'
we;af;a i;H jYfhka is≥jQ wdjrKh flfrys h' ckudOHfõ°ka isxy, mqj;am;a t,aààB h igka úrdu .súiqu W,a,x>kh
uqyqK ≥ka wNsfhda.hka fudkjd o@ Tjqka uqyqK fok ndOdjka ls¯u flfrys jvd wjOdkhla fhduql< w;r ta iïnkaO jdr®;d
fudkjd o@ Tjqkg wjYH wdOdr Wmldr ,eî ;sfí o@ jvd;a u 42 la m< l< o wdKavqfõ yuq∞jkaf.a lvls¯ï jdr®;d lrk
jeo.;a f,i" Tjqkaf.a jD;a;sh wdpdr Ou¬dkql+,j mj;ajdf.k ,oafoa 11 la mu◊'
hEu i|yd l=uk iïm;a Tjqkg wjYH h hs Tjqka is;kafka o ÷ isxy, yd bx.%Sis mqj;am;a j, m< ù we;s t,aààB ñ,sg˙ l%shd
hkak .ek úYaf,aYlhka wid ;sfí o@ yd iïnkaO m%jD;a;sj, 70] lg jvd tlu uQ,dY%h f,i
c' cd' i' Tjqkaf.a Y%S ,xld yjq,alrejka yd tlaj fhd∞ we;af;a ksr®kdñl fmd,sia yd yuq∞ wxY jk w;r
ckudOHfõ°ka 100 fofkl= iuÛ Tjqkaf.a wdl,am yd w;a±lSï m%pKav;ajh .ek jdr®;dlrKfha ° fou< udOHh Tjqkaf.a
ms<sn| j iïuqL m¯laIKhka mj;ajd" ;;a;ajh jeä †hqKq ls¯u m%Odk uQ,dY%h f,i fhd∞f.k we;af;a t,aààBh fyda Bg
i|yd Tjqkaf.a fhdackd ms<sn| j úuik ,°' wkqnoaO uQ,dY% hs'
mr®fhaIKh iólaIK mokfï is≥ jQ w;r" f;dr;=re fndfyda ÷ isxy, mqj;a wdjrKh fmd≥fõ .;al, mlaI.%dyS fukau
m%udKhla jdr®;d.; lrk ,oafoa iïuqL idlÉPd j,° h' wjqΩjkiqÆ o fõ' isxy, udOHfhka m<jQ m%jD;a;s 74 la
tfia ,nd.;a o;a; u.ska Y%S ,xldfõ mqj;am;a l,dfõ°ka jev tlaflda tal mdr®Yùh fyda ke;akï wjqΩjkiqÆ o úh' Bg
lrk ;;a;ajhka ms<sn|j fyd| wjfndaOhla ,nd.; yel' ixikaokd;aul j m%jD;a;s 47 la tla u;hlg jeä m%udKhla
tfukau Tjqka m%jD;a;s ,nd .ekSug Ndú;d lrk l%ufõo iy jdr®;d fldg ;snq◊'
.egqï jdr®;dlrKh iïnkaOfhka Tjqkaf.a w;a±lSï o fuu.ska ÷ isxy, udOHfha .egqu yd wdY%s; m%Yak .ek ,shejqKq m%jD;a;s
fy<sorõ fõ' j,ska 50] la u" ksr®kdñl fyda kï lrk ,o tlu uQ,dY%hla
iïm;a ≥n,;djh" úfYaIfhkau rdcH wxYfha f;dr;=re mokï fldg f.k ;sì◊'
uQ,dY%" NdIdj ndOlhla ùu" wfkl=;a ck lKavdhï udOHfha ÷ t,aààBh úfõpkh l< lsis≥ foaYmd,k u;hla lsis≥ fou<
ksfhdackh ùu uolu wd†h jr®;udkfha .egqu wdjrKh jk mqj;am;l m< fkdùu" t,aààB m%jD;a;s iïnkaOfhka fou<
wdldrh ;=< ±lsh yels uQ,sl .egÆ lsysmhls' mqj;am;a iajhx jdrKhla mkjdf.k we;e hs hkak ikd:
m%Yak ud,djg m%;spdr ±lajQ ckudOHfõ°ka ish fokdf.ka jkakls'
88] jev lrkafka uqøs; udOHfha jk w;r iólaIK m%;spdr j,° fuu udOH ks¯laIKh u.ska fmkakqï lrkqfha .egqug
bx.%Sis" fou< yd isxy, udOHhkays iudk ksfhdackhla úh' iduldó úi∫ula ,nd .ekSu i|yd uyckhd fj; iunr"
wmlaImd;S oekqj;aNdjhla ,ndfok udOHhla fjkqjg NdId yd
udOH ks¯laIKh ckjdr®.sl;ajh u; fn≥Kq yd Tjqkaf.a mdGlhska fj; fjkia
mqj;am;a l,dfõ°kaf.a woyia ms<sn| iólaIKhg W!K m◊úv ,nd fokakd jQ udOHhla we;s nj hs'
mQrlhla jYfhka" ishÆ u m%Odk fmf<a ffoksl mqj;am;a 2004
cqks 01 isg 14 †k olajd ks¯laIKh lrk ,°' tu ld,fha° Y%S jdr®;dlrKh - wmf.a N+ñldj
,xld wdKavqj yd t,aààBh w;r igka úrdu .súiqu wjqre≥ iólaIKhg iyNd.S jQ ckudOHfõ°ka yd lr®;Djrekag wkqj
follg wêl ld,hla l%shd;aul j mej;s kuq≥" idu idlÉPd Y%S ,xldfõ udOHfha N+ñldj jkafka .egqï ksrdlrKhg myiqlï
wjqreoaolg jeä ld,hla w;aysgjkq ,en ;sìK' iemhSu iy úIhnoaOj iy ia:djrhla fkdf.k isàu hs'
idu idlÉPd h<s wdrïN ls¯u fuu jljdkqfõ° m%Odk tfia jqj;a" iólaIKhg iyNd.s jQjkaf.ka foflka mx.=jg
m%Yakhla j meje;s◊' ta wkqj idu l%shdj,sh iy ta yd ne∫Kq jdo jvd jeä fldgilf.a woyi jQfha Y%S ,xldfõ ckjdr®.sl .egqu
úIhka foi ks¯laIKh fhduq jQ w;r" tu jdo úIhka wdjrKh jQ .ek jdr®;dlrKfha° udOHh úiska fome;af;a u lreKq b†˙m;a
mqj;a whs;uhka 422 la flfrys wjOdkh fhduq fl˙K' ^bx.%Sis fkd lrk njhs'
132" isxy, 166 iy fou< 144& fuhska woyia jkafka Y%S ,xldfõ mqj;am;a l,dfõ°kaf.a jeä
÷ m%;sM,h fmkakqï lrk ,oafoa .egqu iy idu l%shdj,sh ixLHdjla udOHfha j.lSu jgydf.k we;s nj h' m%;spdr
iïnkaO m%jD;a;s wdjrKh tal mdr®Yùh" wjqΩjkiqÆ" tla ±lajQjkaf.ka 87] fmkajd fokafka Y%S ,xld udOHh" mj;sk .egqu
uQ,dY%hla muKla u; mokï jQ" ^úfYaIfhka u isxy, iy ms<sn| j ksjer†" iunr iy wmlaImd;S f;dr;=re ,nd°ug wjYH
fou< mqj;am;a ys& tajd nj h' m%udKj;a mshjr .ekSug wiu;a ù isák njhs'
÷ isxy, yd fou< NdId mqj;am;a u.ska Tjqkaf.a mdGlhska fj; m%;spdr ±lajQ mia fofkl=f.ka y;r fofkl=f.a u woyi
fokq ,enqfõ tlsfklg fjkia jQ m◊jqv nj ;yjqre úh' jQfha fuu jro is≥jkafka Y%S ,xldfõ ckudOHh ksYaÑ;
idu l%shdj,sh yd idu idlÉPd h<s wdrïN ls¯u iïnkaO ckjdr®.sl lKavdhï flfrys we;s mlaI.%dySNdjh ksid njhs'
m%Yak .ek ,shejqKq m%jD;a;s m< l< ia:dkh o" tajd m<ls¯fï ° fuhska .uH jk ;j;a lreKla kï" hym;a udOHfõohla yd tys
;snQ jeo.;alu o yd .=Kd;aulNdjh o ks¯laIKh lrk ,°' i;H l%shdld¯;ajh w;r mj;sk mr;rhhs'
÷ m%jD;a;s 72 la u.ska fou< NdId mqj;am;a idu l%shdj,sh
ms<sn|j iEfyk úYd, wdjrKhla ° ;snq◊' ta jdf.a u uq,a m%jD;a;s ,nd.ekSu
msfgys jeo.;a ;ekays tu m%jD;a;s m< fldg ;snQ w;r" rch iólaIKh yd udOH ks¯laIKh u.ska fidhd.;a fohla kï"
u.ska md,kh jk mqj;am;a j,g jvd idu l%shdj,sh ms<sn| iunr jdr®;dlrKhla i|yd mqj;am;a l,dfõ°kag we;s m%Odk u
Okd;aulNdjhla fmkakqï fldg ;sìK' ndOlh uQ,dY% njhs' tajd uQ,sl jYfhka u mlaI.%dyS yd iSñ; jk
÷ bx.%Sis ffoksl mqj;am;la jk z† whs,kaâZ idu l%shdj,shg w;r uQ,dY% jeä ixLHdjlg m%fõY ùug fkdyels ùu hs'
tfrys j m%jD;a;s 26 la m< fldg ;snQ w;r" idu l%shdj,shg ÷ .egqï wdjrKfha ° b;du;a u iq,n uQ,dY%h f,i iólaIK
mlaI j m< fldg ;snqfKa m%jD;a;s 7 la mu◊' tfuka u
m%;spdr olajkakkaf.ka ;=fkka tllg;a jeä fofkla kï

7
iduh lrd udjf;a ° ckjdr®.sl úúO;ajh yd .egqï jdr®;dlrKh

nqoaêl ùrisxy
lrkq ,enqfõ fmd,sishhs' fjk;a uQ,dY% w;r uyckhd"
foaYmd,k{hska" rdcH fkd jk ixúOdk" wdhqO ikakoaO
lKavdhï iy yuq∞ úh'
÷ .egqu wdjrKh ls¯fï° wju m%fhdackhla we;s uQ,dY%h f,i
kï lrkq ,enqfõ Y%S ,xld m%jD;a;s fomdr®;fïka;=jhs'
÷ m%;spdr ±lajQjkaf.ka ;=fkka follg jvd jeä fofkla
rdcH wdh;k u.ska ,nd fok m%jD;a;s flfrys wm%idoh m<
lr isáh y' tu m%jD;a;s iSñ; fuka u mlaI.%dyS nj;a"
m%;spdr ±lajQ miafofkl=f.ka y;rfofkla u tu m%jD;a;s
ksjer† fyda úYajikSh núka f;dr f,i;a i,lkq ,eîh'
÷ .egqï ms<sn| jdr®;dlKfha ° wju jYfhka uQ,dY% follaj;a
fhd∞ .ekSug W;aiql jk neõ m%;spdr ±lajQjkaf.ka 96] la
u mjid isáh uq;a" udOH ks¯laIK wNHdih u.ska fmkakqï
lrk ,oafoa m%ldYhg m;a lrk ,o jdr®;d j,ska 50] la u
Ndú;d lr ;snqfKa" kï lrk ,o fyda ksr®kdñl tla mCImd;s;ajh iy úYajdi l< fkdyels f;dr;=re uQ,dY% yd NdIdj
uQ,dY%hla njhs' .egqï jdr®;dlrKfha ° u;=jk uQ,sl m%Yak fõ'
÷ NdIdj ms<sn| ndOl iy m%jD;a;s ldurfha úúO;ajfha yd
f;areï .ekSfï wvqmdvqlï úúO jQ uQ,dY% jeä .Kklg .egqï jdr®;dlrKh iïnkaOfhka Y%S ,xld udOHfha úfYaIs;
m%fõY ùug fkd yels jQ m%Odk fya;= úh' j.lSï y∫kd we;s wdh;k" tu j.lSï ms<sn| Tjqkaf.a
ckudOHfõ°ka ±kqj;a lrkq we;e hs fuu.ska fhdackd flfr®'
jdrKh
iólaIKfhka yd udOH ks¯laIKfhka meye†,s jk lreKla mqyqKqùï
kï" f;jirl igka úrdu .súiqfuka miqj;a" ks, jYfhka ckjdr®.sl .egqu jdr®;dlrk ckudOHfõ°kag mqyqKqùï"
m%ldYhg m;a jQ jdrKhla fkdue;s ;;ajhla hgf;a jqj;a" Y%S ,xld wOHdmkh iy iïm;a ,nd°fï fmd≥ wjYH;djh iólaIKh
udOHfha jdrKh ms<sn| meye†,s iïm%∞hla ;sfnk njhs' u.ska biau;= fõ' m%;spdr ±lajQjkaf.ka ;=fkka folla u .egqï
hqoaOh yd iduh hk lreKq fol u iïnkaOfhka f;dr;=re jdr®;dlrKh iïnkaOfhka fudkhï u wdldrhl fyda mqyqKqjla
,nd .ekSfï wmyiq;dj Y%S ,xldfõ .egqu ms<sn| újD; fkd ,enQ nj lshd isáhy' 69] la lshd isáfha wd.ñl yd
wdjrKhla ls¯u wkshï f,i j<ld we;' ckjdr®.sl .egqï jdr®;dlrKh iïnkaOfhka m<ù we;s lsis ≥
udOH ks¯laIK wNHdih u.ska" fou< mqj;am;aj, t,aààBh wOHhk iïm;la ms<sn|j .ek Tjqka ±k fkdisá nj h'
úfõpkh jk u; jdrKhg ,la flfrk nj;a" rch u.ska
md,kh flfrk udOH n,fha isák foaYmd,k mlaIfha †hqKq l< yelafla flfia o@
ia:djrfha /£ isák nj;a" isxy, mqj;am;a hqo l,dmSh jdr®;d fuu iólaIKfha m%;sM, u.ska fmkakqï lrkafka m%;spdr
iïnkaOfhka yuq∞ wdêm;Hh m%Yak fkd lrk nj;a meye†,s h' ±lajQjkaf.ka jeä ms˙ila Y%S ,xldfõ udOHfha N+ñldj f;areï
ñ,sfÜ˙h lsishï m%ldYhla l< úg th fjk;a uQ,dY%hlska ikd: f.k we;s njhs' Tjqk;=frka lSm fofkla tu j.lSu bIaG lrk
lr .ekSula is≥ fkdfõ' nj;a jD;a;Sh fyda wdpdr Ou¬ uÜgñka ∞hl;ajhka ,nd°ug
Tjqkag ±kqu yd iïm;a we;s nj;a úYajdi lr;s'
wdpdr Ou¬s moaO;sh
Y%S ,xldfõ udOHfha ;;a;ajh kxjd,Su i|yd jeo.;a mshjrla †hqKq lrk ,o jdr®;dlrKhla fmdaIKh jkafka·
jkafka mqΩ,a ms<s.ekSula we;s wdpdr Ou¬ moaO;shla wdh;k.; ÷ ishÆ u udOH wdh;k wdpdr Ou¬ moaO;sh l%shdfõ fhoùu'
ls¯uhs' ÷ mqyqKqfõ uÜgu by< kexùu'
÷ ckudOHfõ°kaf.ka y˙ wvla muKla jD;a;Suh wdpdr Ou¬ ÷ .egqï jdr®;dlrKhg w∞< uÛfmkaùï ilia ls¯u'
moaO;shla .ek ±kqj;a ù isá w;r tys msgm;la fyda ta .ek
÷ m%jD;a;s ldr®hd,fha úúO;ajh iy;sl ls¯u'
mqyqKqjla ,nd ;snqfKa bka ishhg oyhg;a wvq ixLHdjls'
÷ iñlaIKhg Ndckh jQ ckudOHfõ°kaf.ka wvlg hdka;ñka ÷ uy;a l,n, we;s lrk yd wjqΩjkiqÆ NdIdj yd YSr®I mdG
jeä fldgila Tjqkaf.a udOH wdh;k mqj;am;a meñ◊,s fhd∞ fkd.ekSu wd†fhks'
fldñifï Y%S ,xld wdpdr Ou¬ moaO;sh ms<sf.k we;s nj ±k iólaIKh fmkakqï lrkqfha iqΩ;r lKavdhï ms<sn|
isá w;r" tys msgm;la i;=j ;snqfKa bka 11] lg muKls' fndfyda udOH wdjrK hqoaOh yd ;%ia;jdoh iïnkaO tajd nj hs'
Tjqk;=˙ka ;=fkka fofldgila Bg w∞< mqyqKqjla ,nd we;' iqΩ;r ckjr®.hkag w∞< jkakdjQ iudc yd ixialD;sl jdo
÷ Bg;a wu;r j" 56] ckudOHfõ°ka wh;ajk" wdpdr Ou¬ úIhka y∫kd .ekSfï wjYH;djh fuu.ska u;la lr foa' fou<
moaO;sh je<|.;a wdh;kj,ska ;=fkka tlla muKla
ckhd i;=j fmdfydi;a ixialD;shla we;s w;r fndfyda wxYj,
ckjdr®.sl $ wd.ñl .egqï jdr®;dlrKh iïnkaOfhka
u.fmkaùï moaO;sh ;=<g wka;r®.; fldg ;snqKs' bka 71] la ms<s.ekSula we;s f,dal uÜgfï jD;a;Shfõ°ka ìysfldg we;'
moaO;sh yd u.fmkaùï .ek mqyqKqjla ,nd ;snq◊' hqoaOh u.ska ksr®udKh lr ;sfnk ixcdkkh fjkia ls¯u i|yd
fujeks idOl jdr®;d ls¯u wjYH fõ'

8
 iduh lrd udjf;a ° ckjdr®.sl úúO;ajh yd .egqï jdr®;dlrKh

isoaê wOHhkh ( ckjdr®.sl;ajh wjOdrKh ls¯u

ckudOHfõ†fhla ;u jD;a;Sh wdpdr Ou¬ moaO;sh .ek
wjfndaOhla we;=j fyda ke;sj" ckjdr®.sl .egqï jdr®;dlrKh
ms<sn| mqyqKqjla ,nd fyda fkd ,nd" lsishï .egqï wjia:djlg
uqyqK ° ta .ek blau◊ka wmlaImd;S j yd ksjer†j jdr®;d
ls¯ug is≥jqjfyd;a" wNsfhda. /ilg uqyqK mdkq we;'
fuys my; ±lafjkafka mqj;am;a lSmhla úiska wdjrKh
lrk ,o .egqï wjia:djl isoaê wOHhkhka ms<sn|
W∞yrKhls' fuys°" lreKqj, ksrjoH;djh ;yjqre lr .kq
ms◊i w∞< yd m%udKj;a uQ,dY% Ndú;d ls¯ug lsis≥
W;aidyhla ord ke;' lsishï W;aidyhla ord we;akï th b;d
w,am jQjls' tfuka u ckudOHfha jD;a;Sh wdpdr Ou¬ moaO;shg
wkql+, ùug fyda wmlaImd;S j fyda uOHia: j jdr®;dls¯ug
fyda wfmdfydi;a úh' fuu jdr®;dlrKfha iDcq m%;s:,hla
f,i fuu isoaêhg w∞< lreKq yd wjia:d idjoH f,i
ksfhdackh jQ w;r" tu.ska .egqu iukh ùug jvd
m%fldamldr ùug fya;= úh'
jdr®;d iemhs◊' udOH úiska Tjqkaf.a ùrhska yd fødaySka
l|jqfr® ixydrh ksr®udKh lr.kakd ,°' fødaySka jQfha t,aààB /|úhka"
;s,la chr;ak úisks' ;%ia;jd°ka iy fou< ;%ia;jd°ka h' .eñhka ùrhska njg m;a
;%ia;jd°ka f,i ielflreK mqoa.,hska mqkre;a:dmkh lrk ,°'
ls¯u i|yd msysgqjkq ,enQ l|jqrla jQ ì∫Kqjej ixydrh is≥jQfha ckdêm;sksh úiska isoaêh fy<d±lSfuka miqj jqj o" fuu
2000 Tlaf;danr® ui 25 fjks †k h' fuys° /|úhka 24 fofkla m˙l,ams; wLHdkh jr®Okh lrk ,°' /|úhka l|jqr ;=<
„ú;Èhg m;ajQy' isáñka Nhdkl wú wdhqO ;kd we;s nj;a mqkre;a:dmk
Tlaf;danr® ui 24 ikaOHdfjys idudkH m˙† /iaùula l|jqfrys fiajh lrk ks,Od¯ka wdrlaId lr .ekSug .ïuq
mj;ajd we;' fuu /iaùfï ° we;eï /|úhka Tjqka j uq∞ meñKs nj;a tu l:dj,g we;=<;a úh'
ye¯ug m%udo ùu fya;= fldgf.k fldam ù /iaùfï ° .ïuqka úiska /|úhka >d;kh l< neõ jdr®;d ls¯ug
m%pKavld¯ f,i yeis¯ug mgka f.k we;' bkamiq j Tjqka wiu;a úh' ta fjkqjg zt,aààB fmr<slrejkaZ tlsfkldg myr
n,y;aldrfhka .nvd ldurhg we;=Ω jA wk;=re j fmd,sia ° ureuqjg m;a jQ njg woyila b†˙m;a lrk ,°' Ndú;d l<
udr®. ndOlhg we;=Ω ù" hlv fmdÆ yd fjk;a wdhqO u.ska NdIdj ckjdr®.sl ia:dms; wdor®Y ;yjqre lf<a h' .eñhka'
f.dvke.s,sj,g w,dN ydks is≥ fldg we;' fmd,sisfha iy l|jqfr® ks,Od¯ka" t,aààB fkd jk ms˙i
miq ∞ W≤ik" 700 la muK .ïjeishka l|jqr wi,g tla ksrdhqO" yslauqKq" mlaImd;S" lSlre" hym;a" Yla;su;a" YS,dpdr yd
jQy' m%fldam j isá ckhd hlv fmdÆ" lvq iy fmdfrda j,ska ùr;ajh we;s mqoa.,hska f,i ksrEmKh flfr®' /|úhka t,aààB
ikakoaO j isáhy' fmd,Sisfha wdhdpkdj,g wey=ïlka fkd ≥ka idud‚lhka jk w;r" Tjqka ;%ia;jd°ka" m%pKav" wdhqO ikakoaO"
ckhd l|jqr ;=<g lvd mdk /|úhka 24 fofkl= >d;kh lrk yslaóulska f;dr " l<yld¯" l=uka;%Kld¯" wlSlre" ïf,aÉP"
,°' wk;=re j u< l|ka ,e.=ïy, foig úislr tajdg .sks;nk whym;a" ≥r®j, yd ≥IG f,i m%;srEmKh flfr®'
,°' zfâ,s ksõiaZ yereKq úg" wka ishÆ u mqj;am;a f.d;k ,o
Bg udi tlyudrlg miqj" foieïnr® 5 fjks †k" is≥jQfha wi;Hhka" tl;=ls¯ï yd wvqls¯ï iys; j m< lrk ,°' jvd;a u
l=ulao hkak .ek udkj ysñlï fldñifï jdr®;dj ,xld°m úlD;s lrk ,o mqj;a m<jQfha bx.%Sis †km;d mqj;am;la jk z†
m;%fhys m<úh' whs,kaâZ ys h' .egqug fya;= jQfha fldá iellrejka úiska
§wmg ,enqKq ishÆ f;dr;=re wkqj" isoaêh jQ wjia:dfõ° l|jqfr® fiajh lrk fid,a∞≥fjl=g myr ° urd oeóu nj
t;ek isá fmd,sia ks,Od¯ka 60 fokd" fuu m%pKav ls%hd isria;,hla iys; j m< lrk ,°' l|jqfr® /|úhka úiska
je<elaùug b†˙m;a fkdùfuka" rdcldrs meyer ye¯fï lreK lsisjl= urd oud fkd ;snq◊'
u; jrolrefjda fj;s' /iaj isá ms˙ia w; .sks wú fkd ;sì◊' isoaêh ms<sn| ,shejqKq l;=jels iïnkaOfhka o lsj yelafla
mQr®K wdhqO ikakoaO j isá fmd,sia ms˙i /ia j isá fik. tajd u.ska ì∫Kqjej isoaOhg fya;= jQfha /|úhkaf.a úfrdaO;d
md,kh ls¯ug wiu;a jQjd muKla fkdj" tu fik.g jHdmdrh iy Tjqkaf.a fkdukd l%shd l,dmh njg jk woyi
kdhl;ajh ≥ka mqoa.,hska w;awvx.=jg .ekSug o wfmdfydi;a Yla;su;aa ls¯ug iu;ajQ nj h' ;j ≥rg;a t,aààB ixúOdkh
jQy'¶ fuu isoaêh msgqmi isá njg;a" Tjqka >d;khg ,lajQfha Tjqkaf.a
flfia fj;;a" fuu ñf,aÉP l%shdfjka miq †kj,° mqj;am;a u wkjYH yd fkdyslauqKq l%shd ksid nj;a ±laúK' Tjqkag
ys m< jQ isria;," jdr®;d yd l;=jels u.ska fmkakqï lrk ,oafoa ,eîug iq≥iq foa Tjqkag ,enqK fihls'
óg yd;amiska u fjkia jQ Ñ;%hls' isoaêfhka †k 5 lg miqj" tkï 2000 Tlaf;danr® 30 jk †k
z.eñhka yd fldá w;r .egqñka 25 la uregZ ^fâ,s ksõia& ishÆ u mqj;am;a lshd isáfha t,aààB óg jrolrejka nj h'
zfldá iel lrejka 25 la ureg" 18 la ;=jd, ,n;sZ zì∫Kqjej Woaf>daIKh t,aààB ie,iqulsZ ^†jhsk 30-10-
^whs,kaâ& 2000&
zì∫Kqjej mqkre;a:dmk l|jqrg myr°fuka 27 la ureg" zì∫KqjejZ ixydrh .ek t,aààB Woï wkhs' ^,laìu 30-10-
fldá iellrejka úiska l|jqr Ndr lms;dka m%dK wemhg .kSZ 2000&
^,xld°m& ì∫Kqjej isoaêh ms<sn| udOH wdjrKh u.ska tu m%foaYfha
z.eñhka iu. igfka° fldá iellrejka ureuqjgZ ^,laìu& „j;ajk fjkia ck iuQyhka w;r Tjqfkdjqka flfrys
m%Odk Odrdfõ bx.%Sis yd isxy, mqj;am;a j, wvx.= jQ jdr®;d m%;sfrdaOhla mj;S h hk u;h Yla;su;a ls¯ug;a bjy,a úh'
lreKq fidhd ne,Sulska f;dr j m< fldg ;snqKs' isoaêh iDcq j isoaêh ms<sn| jdr®;dlrKfha iDcq m%;sM,hla f,i" m%foaYfha
jdr®;d ls¯u fjkqjg" isoaêfhka iajdëk j" Tjqkaf.a ys;Æ wkqj foam< úkdYùï" .sks;eîï yd ñksia >d;khka is≥úh'

9
iduh lrd udjf;a ° ckjdr®.sl úúO;ajh yd .egqï jdr®;dlrKh

Y%S ,xldfõ wia:djr;ajh - .egqfï miqìu

mS' irjkuq;a;=" úl,am m%;sm;a;s flakaøh

hqoaOh;a ke;s iduh;a ke;s ;;a;ajhla iy Y%S ,xld wdKavqj yd ckjdr®.sl ckm%shjdoh Wmfhda.S lr.ekSfï fya;=fjks' ue;sjrK
fou< B<dï úuqla;s fldá ixúOdkhg w;r w;aysgjQ idu idlÉPd ch.%yKh i|yd ckjdr®.sl ckm%sh;dj iu. meye†,s f,i
l%shdj,shla yd ieyeislï is≥j;a°;a jir ;=kla mj;ajdf.k f.dia wkkH.; ùu w;HjYH lreKla f,i i,lkq ,eîu;a iu."
we;s igka úrdu .súiqula ;sfí' fïjd Y%S ,xldfõ .egqï foaYmd,k n, jHqyfha w;Hka; iïm; f,i wkkH;djfha mer◊
úm˙jr®;k l%shdj,sh wNsfhda.hla fõ' iqkdñ jHikfhka miqj yd fn≥ïjd° mokï kS;Hkql+,;djhg m;a jQ w;r" tu mokï
wdOdr iy kej; f.dvke.Su i|yd fomdr®Yajh w;r .súiqula tlg ne| ;nñka l,a mj;sk cd;sl wkkH;djla f.dvke.Sug
i|yd udi ;=kla ;siafia idlÉPd meje;afjñka ;sfnk w;r thg m%N+ me<eka;shg jQ fkdyelshdj o m%or®Ykh lf<a h' 1956
wdKavqj ;=,u iy isxy, ol=fKa wdêm;H úiska foaYmd,k ue;sjrKfha jeo.;alu r\ mj;skafka o fuu lreK u; h'
úreoaO;ajhla fmkajd ;sfí' hqoaOh mgka.;a 1983 isg 2002 jifr® uOHia: jdudxYsl isxy, ckm%sh n,fõ.j, iNd.h" Y%S ,xld
igka úrdu .súiqu olajd t,aààBh úiska wdhqO ikakoaOj ksoyia mlaIfha ksr®ud;D" tia' ví" wdr®' ã' nKavdrkdhlf.a
fjkaùfï ;r®ckh b†˙m;a lr we;' ol=fKa ck;d úuqla;s kdhl;ajfhka" ol=fKa ch.%yKh lrk ,o w;r" fou< W;=fr®
fmruqK úiska wdhqO ikakoaO le/,a,la †h;a lr ;snq◊' ±ka fmvr,a mlaIh ch ,eî h'
wdKavqfõ fldgia lrefjl= jk cúfm t,aààBh iuÛ jk ´kEu wdKavqj msysgqùfuka miq" 1956 ° nKavdrkdhl ;u ue;sjrK
wdh;k.; hdka;%Khlg úfrdaOh olajd ;sfí' 1987 bka†hdkq idu fmdfrdka≥jla jQ isxy, rdcH NdIdj ls¯u l%shd;aul lrñka" fou<
idOl yuq∞j tùu uÛska l,dmSh n, wdêm;Hfha ndysr n,mEula ckhdf.a úlaIsma;Ndjfha yoj; jeks jQ wOHdmkh yd /lS rlaId
o is≥ úh' u.ska †hqKqùfï yelshdjg myr t,a, lf<a h' Bg;a jvd nrm;<
Y%S ,xldfõ W;=re kef.kysr fou< l;d lrk ckhd i|yd f,i" Tyq j n,hg m;al< isxy, fn!oaO iNd.h" ckjdr®.sl
fµvr,a ud†,sfha wNHka;r iajhx md,khla i|yd jk úi∫ula iyfhda.S;djg ;j ;j;a ydks muqKqjk ia:djrhkag Tyq j ;,aÆ
fiùu ms◊i 2002 Tlaf;danr® ui Tiaf,da kqjr ° Y%S ,xld wdKavqj lf<a h' fuys m%;sM,hla jYfhka" NdId m%;sm;a;sh ksid fou<
iy t,aààB ixúOdkh tlÛ úh' tu wjia:dfõ fomdr®Yjh m%ldY ckhd g ú¢kakg is≥ jQ wmyiq;djhg ms<shï fh°ula jYfhka
lf<a tu úi∫u rfÜ ishÆu ck fldgiaj,g ms<s.; yels rfÜ 1957 ° fou< NdId úfYaI úê úOdk mk; yd rg iNd u.ska n,h
tlai;a nj /flkakla úh hq;= nj h' fuu m%ldYh uÛska ms<s.kq úuOH.; ls¯u wrNhd fµvr,a mlaI kdhl fp,ajkdh.ï iu.
,enqfõfuys ckjdr®.sl .egqula we;s njla iy ta i|yd hqouh we;slr.;a .súiqug isxy, Pkao fldÜGdYfha iyc cd;sjdoh iy
úi∫ula ;sìh fkdyels nj;a" talSh rdcH rduqjla ;=< fuh úi¢h tlai;a cd;sl mlaIfha foaYmd,k wjia:djdoh úiska ndOd
fkdyels nj;a h' fuh fµvr,a úi∫ula i|yd jk tlÛ;ajhla muqKqjk ,°' 1956 ° yd 1958 ° iajdëk Y%S ,xldfõ m%:u jrg
úh' m%pKavld¯ isxy, fou< flda,dy, we;s jQ w;r" 1983 ° tu
ckjdr®.sl wd;;sh - mdr®,sfïka;= wjêh ;;ajfha W.%ùu fmkakqï jkafka" ñksia >d;k m%udKh blaujd
ksoyia Y%S ,xldfõ isxy, yd fou< cd;Ska w;r meje;s wd;;sh hdfuks'
ms<sn| Tjqkaf.a ia:djr" ir®jck Pkao n,h ysñ jQ 1931 olajd ó<Û oYlh mqrdjg u ckjdr®.sl fldgia w;r iïnkaO;dj
†jhhs' fou< ckhd ±lajQ ìh kï" wOHdmk olaI;djfhka iy ;j ≥rg;a ms˙ySu tfia ;sìh°;a fou< kdhl;ajh †.gu
hg;a ú‚; m%;sm;a;s fya;= fldg f.k Tjqka ks,Od¯ ;ka;%h ;=< mdr®,sfïk;a;=j ksfhdackh lf<ah' nKavdrkdhl f.a jekaoUqj jQ
,nd isá idfmalaI jdis iy.; ;;a;ajh" nyq;r isxy, md,kh is˙udfjda nKavdrkdhl ue;skshf.a m%:u wdKavq iufha ° ^1960-
hgf;a kej; ,nd.; fkdyels f,i wk;=rg m;afõh hkak h' 1964& rdcH NdId m%;sm;a;sh jvd il%sh f,i l%shd;aul lrkq ,enQ
isxy,hska óg m%;smlaIj ;uka nyq;r cd;sh f,i ,eî we;s w;r" nKavdrkdhl fp,ajkdh.ï .súiqfï wvx.=ù ;snQ n,h
;;a;ajh ,nd .ekSug Wkka≥jlska iy fou< ckhdf.a ol=Kq úuOH.; ls¯fï fhdackd l%shd;aul lrk njg fok ,o
bka†hdj iuÛ we;s iïnkaO;djkag mgyeksj ;ukaf.a ixialD;sl fmdfrdka≥j o lv fl˙◊' nKavdrkdhl fp,ajkdh.ï .súiqfï
yd wd.ñl úkdY ùfï ;r®ckhla ms<sn| ìhlska miq úh' j.ka;s l%shd;aul lrk njg ≥ka iy;slhla u; tlai;a cd;sl
1948 ° ksoyig mQfõYhla f,i fou< ckhdf.a b,a,Su jQfha mlaIh iu. .súiqulg t<eô fµvr,a mlaIh" 1965 msysg jQ
ckjdr®.sl mokula u; ue;sjrK fldÜGdY we;s lrk f,i h' t'cd'm'h g jeä n,hla ysñ cd;sl wdKavqjg iïnkaO úh' fou<
tkuq;a fuh m%∞kh fkdl< w;r ck.yk jHdma;sh u;" NdId úfYaI úê úOdk mk; iïu; lrkq ,enQj o" n,h úuOH.;
fjiaÜñksiagr® Pkao fldÜGdY l%uh u;" ckjdr®.sl;ajh u; ls¯ug w∞< fldgi l%shd;aul fkdjQ fyhska 1969 ueo Nd.fha °
foaYmd,kh O%eùlrKh fjñka isxy, mlaI ol=fKa o" fou< mlaI fµvr,a mlaIh wdKavqfjka bj;a úh'
W;=fr® o wdêm;H ork ;;a;ajhg m;aù ;sfí' uOHfhka Y%S,ksmh yd tcdmh w;suy;a nyq;rhla mdr®,sfïka;=j ;=< ,nd
wdka;sllrKh ùu ms<sn|j o fou< ckhdg ;snQ ìh isxy, .ksñka ;ukaf.au jHjia:d ilia ls¯ug uÛ mE¥ 70 oYlh
wdêm;H ork wdKavq úiska ;yjqre fl˙◊' ;SrKd;aul úh' 1972 yd 78 hk jHjia:d folu isxy, rdcH
ta flfia j;=≥" ksoyfika miq fou< kdhlfhda mdr®,sfïka;= NdIdj yd nyq;rfha wd.u jQ nqoaOd.ug m%uqLia:dkhla ≥ka talSh
l%shd∞uhg lem jQy' iqΩ ckfldgiaj, jqjukdjka wdrlaId ls¯fï rdcH ;;a;ajh w;am;a lrk kshuhka wvx.= tajd úh' 1978 tcdm
l%shd∞uhla i|yd wdKavqjg iyNd.s ùfï yd iyfhda.h °fï Wmdh jHjia:dj ;j≥rg;a flakaøh u; n,h talrdYS lrk úOdhl
udr®.hla úh' tfukau mdr®,sfïka;= m%cd;ka;%jdoh ms<sn| j wka;r® ckdêm;s l%uhla ia:dms; lf<ah'
jdr®.sl m%N+ me<eka;sfha fmd≥ tlÛ;djhg o †jhsfka ksoyia wdhqO ikakoaO ;reKhska iuÛ foaymd,k iïuq;shlg
jHdmdrfha jHjia:d∞hl jd° wdl,amj,g o iy;slhla úh' kuq;a meñ”u tcdm yd Y%S,ksm foaYmd,k wjia:djoh úiska je<elaúKs'
foaYmd,k bv m%ia:d i,id°fï° m%;sm;a;shla f,i ∞hl jqj o" 71 cúfm le/,af,a wdor®Yh uÛska Wola wdhqO .;a fou<
wdKavqfõ m%;sm;a;s fya;= fldg f.k th m%dfhda.sl j mQr®K lKavdhï we;s ùu fou< iudch olakd ,oafoa idïm%∞hsl
jYfhka ms<sìUq fkd ùh' j;=lrfha Pkao wysñ ls¯u o rcfha foaYmd,k kdhl;ajfha ú;eka ùula f,i h' 1970-77 Y%S,ksm
wkq.%yfhka fou< m%foaYj, isxy,hska m†xÑ lrùu o we;=Ω wdKavqfõ widOdrK wOHdmk m%;sm;a;sh;a 1977-88 ;%ia;jdohg
fkdi,ld ye¯ï mej;sh o j;=lrfha Pkao wysñ fmd≥ tlÛ;djh úreoaOj tcdm m%;sm;a;sh;a 80 .Kka j,° W;=re-kef.kysr hqO
70 .Kkaj,° fida∞ mdΩ j f;la mej;sKs' ;;a;ajhla we;s lrkakg fya;= úh' fjkaùu wjidk úi∫u f,i
iudcuh wd;;sh md,kh ls¯u i|yd foaYmd,k bv m%ia:d øúv tlai;a úuqla;s fmruqK 76 ° fou< ksfhda‚;hkaf.a
i,id °u yd mdr®,sfïka;= m%cd;ka;%jd° l%uh ms<s.ekSu ≥r®j, jvq;afldfvhs iïfï,kfha ° l< fhdackdj iïu; úh' fuh
jQfha m%N+ me<eka;sh ;=< mlaImd;s;ajfha jdis ,nd.ekSu i|yd foaYmd,k iïuq;shl t<öug fkdyels ùfï m%;sM,h úh'

10
 iduh lrd udjf;a ° ckjdr®.sl úúO;ajh yd .egqï jdr®;dlrKh

wmf.a wdpdr Ou¬ rduqj - tlg ne| ;nk neñ

nqoaêl ùrisxy
ckudOHfõ°ka jYfhka iEu †klu wmg i∞pdrd;aul ;SrK
.ekSug is≥fõ' tfy;a .egqï wjia:dj,° wfma wdpdr úê moaO;sh
u.ska wmg i,ikakd jQ wdrlaIdj b;d jeo.;a h' ukaoh;a ;;ajh
iEu úg u mdfya meye†<s ke;s neúka yd úúO mdr®Yjhka fndfyda
úg Tjqkaf.a kHdh m;%hka b†˙hg ;,aÆ ls¯ug W;aidy .kakd
neúks'
ckudOHfõ°kag iajdëk j lghq;= ls¯fï wjYH;djhla
;sfí' isria;,h l=ula úh hq;= o" iïuqL idlÉPd mj;ajkafka ld
iu. o" wjYH PdhdrEm fudkjd o" Wmqgd ±laùï fudkjd o"
Ndú;d lrk NdId ffY,sh l=ulao hkd†h fuka u wm l=uk
m%jdohka wdjrKh lrkafka o iy tfia lrkafka ukao hkd° jQ
uQ,sl lreKq .ek ;SrK .ekSug is≥fõ'

.egqï wjia:dj,° jdr®;dlrKh i|yd

ckudOHfõ°kag u.fmkaùï wjYH jkafka
wehs@ jD;a;shg iy iudchg ydks is≥ lrk mqoa.,hka fy<sorõ ls¯u
÷ wm iajdêk j jev lrk ksid ckudOHfõ°kaf.a j.lSuls'
÷ m%jD;a;s wdh;kj, we;=<;ska yd bka m˙ndysr j is≥jk
n,mEï yd mSvkfhka ñ°u i|yd nj h' tfuka u Tjqkaf.a ,shú,s" tajdfha tald.%;djhg ydksjk
÷ m%jD;a;s ldurh ;=< iy ck iudch ;=< wfma jev lghq;= m˙† W.% ixialrKhlg Ndckh l< yels h'
wdrlaId lr .ekSu i|yd fyd|u u. fmkaùï l<hq;= yd fkd hq;= ≤ ±lafjk
÷ wdpdrOdr®ñl m%Yak yd WNf;dafldaál m%Yak úi\.ekSug f,aLkhka fkdfõ' fyd| udr®f.damfoaYkhla wdpdr Odr®ñl jdo
bjy,a ùu úIhka .ek is;kakg fhduqjk woyia f.dkqjls' túg Tjqkag
u;=jk mriamr úfrdaë .egÆ flfrys ckudOHfõ°kag
hym;a meje;afuka" l,a l%shdfjka iy iajhx md,khla u.ska" úYajdihlska hqla; j wjOdkh fhduq l< yel'
jD;a;shg yd iudchg ydkslr l%shdld¯lïj, fhfokakka iy ;ukaf.a ,shú,s whq;= f,i m%fhdackhg .ekSu fyda
wruqKq we;s wh fy<sorõ ls¯u wm ifydaor mqj;am;a ixialrK l%shdj,sh u.ska tajd úkdY ls¯u wNsfhda.hg ,la
l,dfõ°kaf.a j.lSu fõ' ls¯ug" u. fmkaùï ckudOHfõ°kag mokula lr.; yelsjdla
;ukaf.a jev lghq;= lrf.k hk wdldrh .ek msgia;r fuka u" ckudOHfõ°kaf.a jev lghq;= yiqrejk whg o Wmldr
n,fõ. úiska Wmfoia °u ckudOHfõ°ka úiska fmd≥fõ úfrdaOh úh yel'
olajkq ,enqj o" th iEu úgl°u ir< lghq;a;la fkdfõ' wjidk jYfhka" ckudOHfõ°ka Tjqkaf.a jevlghq;=j,g
fndfydaúg Wm˙u mSvkh meñfKkq we;af;a wmf.a u udOH m%fõY jkafka flfiao lshd uyck;dj ±kqj;a ls¯u i|yd
wdh;kh ;=<ska u úh yel' fuhska woyia jkafka Tjqkaf.a uÛfmkaùï m%fhdackj;a jk w;r" mqj;am;a l,dfõ°kag Tjqkaf.a
jD;a;Shuh wdpdr Ou¬hkag mgyeks jk f,i Wmfoia ,eìh yels ;SrK m%isoaêfha wdrlaId lr .ekSug o Wmld¯ fõ'

ckudOHfõ°kaf.a wdpdr Ou¬ ms<sn| j c' cd' i' m%;sm;a;s m%ldYkh

isoaëka úia;r ls¯fï° m%jD;a;s tl;=lr .ekSfï °" 7' udOH úiska widOdrK idOl u; fjkialï ls¯fï
úldYkh ls¯fï °" fn∞ ye¯fï ° iy mqj;a iy f;dr;=re Nhdkl lu .ek ±kqj;a úhhq;= w;r" fjk;a lreKqj,g
.ek woyia ±laùfï ° ckudOHfõ°ka úiska mj;ajd.;hq;= wu;r j" cd;sh" ,sx.h" ,sx.sl pr®hdj" NdIdj" wd.u"
ms<s.;a jD;a;Shuh wdpdr Ou¬ fuu cd;Hka;r m%ldYkh u.ska foaYmd,k yd fjk;a woyia iy cd;sl yd iudc m%Njh
m%ldY fõ' u; mokï jQ idOl u; fjkialï ls¯u j<lajd,Su i|yd
1' mqj;am;a l,dfõ†hl=f.a uQ,sl j.lSu jkafka l< yels iEu fohla u l< hq;= h'
uyck;djf.a i;Hh ±k .ekSfï whs;sjdislug yd 8' my; ±lafjk lreKq nrm;< jD;a;Suh wmpdrhka f,i
i;Hhg .re ls¯uhs' mqj;am;a l,dfõ°ka ie,lsh hq;= h' wkHfhl= f.a woyia
2' fuu hq;=lu bgq ls¯fï°" mqj;am;a l,dfõ°ka úiska iEu fyda u; ;ukaf.a f,i m%ldY ls¯u" oafõY iy.; f,i
úg u ksoyia m%;sm;a;s wdrlaId ls¯ug;a wjxl j m%jD;a;s idjoH lreKq b†˙m;a ls¯u" whq;= fpdaokd" kska∞" wmydi
tl;= ls¯ug yd m%ldYhg m;a ls¯ug;a" idOdrK woyia iy mokï úrys; fpdaokd yd lsishï f;dr;=rla m%ldYhg
m%ldYkhg;a úfõpkhg;a we;s whs;Ska wdrlaId l< hq;=h' m;als¯u i|yd fyda m;als¯u j<lajd,Su i|yd fyda l=uk
3' mqj;am;a l,dfõ°ka úiska jdr®;d l< hq;af;a Tyq fyda weh wdldrhl fyda w,a,ila ,nd.ekSu'
úiska uQ,drïNh okakd lreKq wkqj mu◊' 9' mqj;am;a l,dfõ° hk kdufhys f.!rjh wdrlaId lrk
4' mqj;a" PdhdrEm fyda ,shlshú,s ,nd.ekSu i|yd mqj;am;a wfhla fj;akï Tjqkaf.a j.lSu jkafka by; ±lafjk
l,dfõ†hd úiska wkq.ukh l< hq;af;a idOdrK m%;sm;a;s úYajdijka; j wkq.ukh ls¯u hs' iEu rgl u
l%shdudr®. muKls' fmd≥ kS;shg hg;a j" jD;a;Suh l%shd l,dmh
5' m%ldYhg m;a lrk ,o f;dr;=rl lsishï ydks∞hl iïnkaOfhka mqj;am;a l,dfõ°ka úiska ms<s.; hq;af;a
je/oaola is≥ù we;akï th ksjer† ls¯ug ;ukag yels iEu ifydaor mqj;am;a l,dfõ°kaf.a wêlrK n,h mu◊'
fohlau mqj;am;a l,dfõ†hd bgq l< hq;= h' wdKavqj, fyda fjk;a ue†y;aùï m%;slafIam fõ'
6' ryiHNdjh u; ,nd.;a f;dr;=re uQ,dY% fy<s fkd ls¯fï ^1954 c' cd' i' f,dal iïfï,kh u.ska ms<s.kakd ,°'
jD;a;uS h ryiHNdjh mqj;am;a l,dfõ†hd úiska /lsh hq;h= ' 1986 f,dal iïfï,kfha ° ixfYdaOkh lrk ,°'&

11
iduh lrd udjf;a ° ckjdr®.sl úúO;ajh yd .egqï jdr®;dlrKh

ksrjoH;dj" ´md¥m iy i;Hh m%ldY lrkafkda

´kElñka u úlD;s fkd lrk ,o yd jika fkd lrk ,o
m%jD;a;s" wjxl j ksjer† j yd úYajdijka; f,i jdr®;d ls¯ug ksrjoH;djh i|yd ms˙laiqï f,aLkh
wdpdr Or®óh" i∞pdruh yd jD;a;Shuh j.lSula udOHhg we;' m%d:ñl yd oaú;Sh uQ,dY% fjka fjka j y∫kd
ck;djg m%jD;a;s udOHh flfrys úYajdihla we;sùu;a' Tjqka .ekSu'
udOH u.ska lshjk yd olsk ≤ i;H" idOdrK yd iunr mqj;a ÷ iEu úg u lSr®;su;a uQ,dY% Ndú;d l< hq;= ùu' yels iEu
njg yeÛSula we;sùu;a" ckudOHhg fuka u m%cd;ka;%jdofha úg u m%d:ñl f;dr;=re Ndú;d lrkak'
hym;a l%shdld¯;ajhg o jeo.;a fõ' .egqï ms<sn| jdr®;d lrk ÷ m%Yak .ek yd isoaëka .ek úfYaI{ m%d:ñl f;dr;=re
ckudOHfõ°ka uqyqKfok m%Odk .egÆjla kï" i;H iu. úúO iemhsh yels me;=reKq uQ,dY% cd,hla j.dlr .ekSu'
l;d ;rÛ je°u wd†h b†˙fha ksrjoH;dj iy;sl ls¯u h' úfYaIfhka u wkH ckjdr®.sl fldgiaj,ska iy NdId
fndfyda úg jdish ;ld m%jD;a;s yeisrùu fyda m%jD;a;s n,Orhl= fldgia w;˙ka'
úiska iñlaIKhg wkqj idjoH jdr®;dlrKh i|yd fya;=jk ÷ wmrdO jdr®;dlrKfha ° ielrejkaf.a me;af;ka o
m%Odk idOlhla kï úYajdihla ;eìh fkdyels uQ,dY% hs' fï f;dr;=re ,nd .ekSu'
iïnkaOfhka krl u jer†lrejka jkafka rdcH n,Od¯ka h' ÷ mqoa., kdu iy ia:dk kdu ksjer† j ,shd we;s nj
NdId ndOl iy fjk;a NdId lKavdhïj,ska ksjer† m%jD;a;s ;yjqre ls¯u'
,nd.ekSfï wmyiq;djh jdr®;dlrKfha ° ksjer†Ndjh /lSfï ÷ lsishï jrola jQjd kï th ksjer† ls¯ug l%shd ls¯u'
ndOl f,i iólaIKh u.ska biau;= fldg ;sfí' ÷ y˙ jer† ne,Su wmyiq ;ekays ° urK ixLHdj ±laùu
Y%S ,xld mqj;am;a meñ◊,s fldñiug ,eî we;s meñ◊,sj,ska u. y˙kak'
nyq;rhla lreKq w;ska idjoH jdr®;d iïnkaO meñ◊,s ùu ÷ isoaê wOHhkh( jpk m%fõYfuka f;a¯u
jeo.;a h'
m%jD;a;s jdr®;dfõ miqìu jeo.;a jqj o" m%jD;a;s jdr®;djla hkq
lsishï u;hla b†˙m;a lrk l;=jelshla fyda úfYaIdx. ,smshla iïuq;shla ;sfí' foaYmd,k kdhlhska iudcfha úfYaIs;
fkd jk nj mqj;am;a l,dfõ°kag meye†,s úh hq;= h' m%jD;a;s fldgilg fyda lKavdhulg .egqï we;sjk wdldrhlg l:dfjka
jdr®;d iEu me;slvla u jdr®;d l< hq;= fõ' lsishï fohla myr fok úg fuh WNf;dafldaál m%Yakhla fjhs'
w;aye¯u fyda fjk;a fohla tl;= ls¯u jxpd ls¯uls' mqj;am;a mqj;am;a l,dfõ°ka Tjqka f.a jev lghq;= ls¯fï °" ixfõ°
l,dfõ†fhl= m%jD;a;s jxpd l< úg" ^úfYaIfhka .egqï iïnkaO yd m%fõiï úh hq;= kuq≥" Tjqkaf.a m%uqL;djh jkafka jdr®;dls¯u
m%jD;a;s& úYajdih lvjk w;r „ú; ydkshg o u. mE†h yel' hs' iudchg i;H m%ldY lrkakl= f,i we;s j.lSuhs' iajhx
lsishï m%jD;a;shla idjoH nj miqj ±k.;fyd;a" uyckhd jdrKhla mkjdf.k jdr®;d fkd lr isàfuka ´md¥m me;s¯ug
iu. úYajdih mj;ajdf.k hEu i|yd" uq,ska u l< hq;= jkafka bvlv ie,fik w;r" jdr®;dlrKhg mdol jk isoaêfha fyda
ksjer† ls¯ula fldg jro is≥ jQ wdldrh yd wjia:dj meye†,s lr m%jdofha miqìu yd ikaor®Nh iu. ksjer† j jdr®;d ls¯ug jvd
°uhs' jeä ydkshl iEu úg u is≥ úh yel'
isú,a iy foaYmd,k whs;sjdislï ms<sn| jQ cd;Hka;r jD;a;Sh yd foaYmd,k lemùï w;r we;s wd;;sh Y%S ,xldfõ
m%{ma;sfha 20 f√oh hgf;a tlai;a cd;Skaf.a uyd uKav,fha mqj;am;a l,dfõ°ka w;r we;s jQ b;du;a u i„j ixjdohla jQ
fhdackdj wkqj zffjr l:khZ ksr®jpkh jkafka fufia h' w;r" wd;;sh ;j ≥rg;a wjqiaid,sh yels lreKq jdr®;d l< hq;af;a
§1' hqoaOh i|yd jk ´kE u m%pdrKhla kS;sfhka ;ykï úh flfia o hkak i|yd úúO u; m< úh' we;eful= f.a u;h jQfha
hq;= h' 2' cd;sh" jr®.h fyda wd.u wkqj ffjrj fjkialï ls¯u" iud∞kh mj;ajdf.k hEu flfrys m%uqL;dj †hhq;= nj jqj o"
t†˙jd†lï ls¯ug fyda m%pKav l%shd ls¯u kS;sfhka ;ykï úh wka whf.a u;h jQfha jeä m%uqL;djla ±laúh hq;af;a
hq;= hq;= h'¶ jdr®;dlrKhg njhs' iudk .egqïj,g uqyqK≥ka iudchka ys
fkd ie,ls,su;a yd oafõYiy.; jdr®;dlrKh u.ska w;a±lSï" W∞( wm%sldj" fuys ° m%;sìïnkh úh'
ckjdr®.sl m%pKav;ajh Wis.kajkq ,eîug mqj;am;a l,dfõ†ka fndfyda fokdf.a ;r®lh jQfha th jdr®;d lrkjd o keoao
ovóud lr .ekSug bv fkd ;eìh hq;= njg Tjqka w;r fmd≥ fkdj jdr®;d lrkafka flfia o hkak h'

isoaê wOHhkh ( jdo úIhh u.ye¯u$≥r®u; me;s¯fuka jk úkdYh .Kka ne,Su

2004 cqks ui °" isxy, mqj;am;a folla kdgHdkqidrfhka lsisjlaa jdr®;d fkd l< y' Y%S ,xld hqo yuq∞j fyda kef.kysr
jdr®;dlrk ,oafoa m%Ndlrka yd lreKd mdr®Yj w;r f;dmams., yuq∞ wKfok ks,Od˙hd fyda fu jeks igkla is≥ jQ njg jdr®;d
le,Efõ we;s jQ .egqulska igka lrejka 75 la ureuqjg m;a jQ nj fkd lf<a h'' t,aààB fjí wvúhlska lshd isáfha fuh wdKavqj
iy 100 lg wêl ixLHdjla ;=jd, ,enQ nj;a h' úiska f.;+ l:djla nj h' wjidkfha °" fndaïnhla msms¯fuka
isria;, w;r fïjd úh' t,aààB l%shdld¯ka 8 fofkla ñh.sh njg hqo yuq∞ n,Od¯ka
m%Ndf.a 80 la iy lreKdf.a 11 la .;jQ †k 3 we;=<; ñh m%ldY l< úg i;Hh meye†,s úh' tkï" Tjqkaf.a isxy,
h;s' Bfha oj,a jk úg;a oreKq igka' mdGlhska i|yd mqj;am;a úiska fuu l:dj f.d;d m<l< njhs'
zf;dmams., w,a,kak m%Nd - lreKd w;r ±ä igka' wre,a fï mqj;am;a jdr®;d i|yd uQ,dY% i|yka lr ;snqfKa ke;=jdla
rd– l|jqr úkdYhs' ñh .sh .Kk 75 g jeähs( 100 lg jvd fuka u" lsis≥ udOH m%ldYkhla fuu jdr®;d ksjer† ls¯ug mshjr
;=jd,hs'Z m%Nd iy lreKd l,a,s w;r f;dmams., .egqu W.% fjhs' .;af;a o ke;' tuÛska i;Hh ±k .ekSug we;s j.lSu
fome;af;au ñh.sh .Kk ishhlg wdikakhs' wmlSr®;shg m;al<d muKla fkdj" rg jeishkg i;Hh ±k
úldYkh jQ m%jD;a;s jdr®;djlska o lshjqfKa z100 lg wêl .ekSug we;s whs;Ska o flf<ikq ,eî h' fu jeks
ixLHdjla ñh f.dia we;s njhs'Z ckudOHfõohlaa u.ska mdGlhska uq<d jk w;r" Tjqka iy udOH
flfia jqj o wfkl=;a isxy, mqj;am;a B<Û †kfha ° fï w;r mj;sk úYajdih ì| jeàug o fya;= jkjdla fuka u
isoaêh ms<sn| j flá mqj;a m< l< w;r" fld<U m< flfrk wkd.;fha jdr®;d flfrk foaj,aj, i;H;djh m%Yak ls¯ug o
fou< ffoksl mqj;am;a fuka" wks;a isxy, mqj;am;a o fï .ek fm<fUkq we;'

12
 iduh lrd udjf;a ° ckjdr®.sl úúO;ajh yd .egqï jdr®;dlrKh

weig fmfkkjdg jeä hula isoaê wOHhkh ( jpk m%fõYfuka f;a¯u

fndfyda W∞yrK u.ska idlÉPd lr we;af;a m%pKav;ajh
fyda we;a; .egqï fomdr®Yajfha u ckjdr®.sl;ajh iu. lsisu my; i|yka isoaê wOHhkh fmkakqï lrkqfha
iïnkaOhla fkdue;s tfy;a wdr®:sl lreKq tajdg fya;= jk njh' w.;s.dó;ajh yd mlaI.%dys;ajh uÛska i;Hh úlD;s l<
ckjdr®.sl;ajhg isoaëka ,>q ls¯u ;=<ska Nhdkl ;;a;ajhka yelafla flfia o hkak h'
we;s úh yels h' ikaor®Nh iy miqìu ckudOHfõ°ka úiska iunrj lreKq b†˙m;a ls¯u i|yd ikaor®Nh b†˙m;a
fy<sorõ l< hq;af;a tfyhsks' fïjd m%cdjka fkdokakd ;rug u lrkq fjkqjg m%cdjka w;r fn°ula ksr®udKh jk f,i
foaYmd,k jHdc Ñ;%hkag f,fyisfhka yiq fõ' lrk ,o jdr®;dlrKh fya;=fjka wka ish,a,gu by<ska
jdr®.sl;ajh biau;= lr ;sfí'
hym;a Ndú;h i|yd m%Yak l|fmd< ckjdr®.sl l,flda,dy,j,° fmd,sia fjä
1' lsishï foaYmd,k kdhlfhla ksrka;r j tla cd;sjd° my˙ka fou< fiajlhska fofofkla ñh .sh úg" isxy,
lKavdhulg fyda ckjdr®.sl lKavdhulg myr foñka ffoksl mqj;am;l m%Odk isria;,h jQfha zfjä ld kis;sZ
l:d mj;ajkafka kï" tu l:d m%jD;a;s fia ie,lsh yels o@ hkak h'
2' tjeks l:djla jdr®;d lrkafka kï" tys wvx.= fpdaokd fuu mqj;am;a wdjrKfha iDcq m%;sM,hla jYfhka"
m¯laIdjg ,laù o hkak yd bka f∞aIdfrdamKhg m;a jQ lvidmamq wiQjla úkdY l< w;r k.rh ojia ;=kla ;siafia
whg tajd g ms<s;=re °ug fyda tu fpdaokd m%;slafIam ls¯ug jid ±ñK' isxy, yd fou< ckhd w;r iïnkaO;d
bv m%ia;d ,nd ≥kafka o@ ms˙ySug ,laúh' ^l|fmd< k.rfha nyq;rh fou< ckhd
3' ckjdr®.sl .egqï ms<sn| jdr®;d Tnf.a m%ldYkh úiska r|jd fj;s'&
;nd .kafka o@ lreKq iy tajdfha ikaor®Nh ,nd °" zfjä ld kis;sZ hk lshufkka woyia jkafka
foaYmd,k jdish ;ld ckjdr®.sl .egqï mdÑÉÑ lrk wh urKhg m;ajQ wh úiska fjä ;enQjka m%fldam l< njls'
úuid jvd;a fyd| jdr®;djla ,nd†h yels o@ th zfjä je° kis;sZ hkqfjka ;snqfKa kï tys f;areu yd
4' wmrdO iïnkaOfhka pQ†; mqoa.,hskaf.a ckjdr®.slNdjh wka;r®.;h fjkia iajrEmhla .kS'
fyda wd.ñl fldÜGdYh iEu úg u i|yka lrkafka o fuu ñksia >d;khka .ek fu jeks uq,a msgqfõ
hkak fyda tfia;a ke;skï we;eï ckjdr®.sl fldgia fyda isria;,hla fh°ug mqj;amf;a lr®;Djrhd ;SrKh lf<a
wd.ñl fldgia iïnkaOfhka muKla o@ >d;k .ek úêu;a m¯laIKhlska miqj o@ fuu isoaêhg
5' wmrdO jeks lreKq iïnkaOfhka wksl=;a fldgiaj,g jvd f.d≥re jQfha isxy, fofofkla kï l;=jrhd isria;,h
tla;rd ckjdr®.sl fldgila kï ls¯fï mqreoaola Tfí fjkia f,i fhdohs o@
m%ldYkhg ;sfío@ Tfí m%jdohka ys tla ckjdr®.sl ckjdr®.sl flda<dy, jdr®;dls¯fï °" mqj;am;a
fldgila fyda iqΩ ck fldgila fjk;a tjeks fldgila l,dfõ°ka úiska ;u jdr®;d ;=< ishÆ u mdr®Yjhka iunr
iu. fmdrg fhoùug Tn lsis úfgl l%shd fldg ;sfío@ yd idOdrK f,i ksrEms; j we;a± hs ;ukaf.ka u úuid
6' h:d ;;ajh t;rï .egqïld¯ yd m%pKav fkd jk ne,Su iq≥iq h' tfia ls¯ug wiu;a jqjfyd;a Tjqkaf.a
wjia:dj,°" tjeks fmdrg fhoùula u.ska jvd yeÛSï jdr®;dlrKh u.ska m%pKav;ajh ;j;a m%fldamld¯ ùug bv
wjqiaikiqÆ yd jvd lshùug fhduqjk m%jdohka ìys ls¯ug ;sfí'
W;aidy f.k ;sfío@ l|fmd< isoaêh iïnkaOfhka isxy, yd fou<
7' lsishï jdr®;djla idjoH nj jegyqK úg" th ksjer† ls¯ug mqj;am;a j, m< jQ jdr®;d tlsfklg fndfyda fihska
Tfí ixúOdkh .kakd mshjr ljfr® o@ ksjer† ls¯ï m%isoaO fjkia fõ'
ls¯fï m%;sm;a;shla Tfí ixúOdkhg ;sfí o@ fuu i∞pdr fou< mqj;am;a jdr®;d lf<a lv idmamq 52 lg ydks jQ
lreKq ms<sn| j Tfí m%jD;a;s ldurfh ckudOHfõ°ka w;r njhs' thska .uH jQfha jeä ydkshla is≥ ù we;af;a fou<
idlÉPd i|yd fm<Uùug Tn woyia lrkafka flfia o@ ck fldgig nj fmkaùu h'
isxy, mqj;am;a yeÛùug W;aidy lf<a fou< j;=
lïlrejka úiska we;s lrk ,o le/,a,la fuu is≥ùïj,g
iunr;djh i|yd ms˙laiqï ,ehsia;=j uq,a jQ njhs'
óg wu;r j" ishÆ u isxy, mqj;am;a isoaêh ùug
÷ tla mdr®Yjhlg T,ajrika °fuka j<lskak'
wdikak;u fya;=j jYfhka olajk ,o ;%sfrdao r:hla iy
÷ fjkia ia:djrfhka ;yjqre fldgf.k tAjd ksis nia r:hla .eàu" wdmiq ne,Sfï ° fnfyúka u
.re;ajfhka yd ksjer† f,i b†˙m;a flfrk njg j. w;sYfhdala;shla nj Tmamq úh'
n,d.kak' udOHfha m%Odk j.lSu jkafka i;Hh" i;Hh iy
÷ fuu u; mj;sk ikaor®Nh isysfha ;nd .kak' we;eï i;Hh ±k .ekSug uyckhdg we;s whs;shg .re ls¯u
woyia orkafka wka;jd° nyq;rhlao@ wka whf.a woyia kï" isxy, yd fou< ckhdg jdr®;dlrk ,o isoaëkaf.a
;ukaf.a jpkj,ska fkd ,shd" yels iEu úg u" fl<ska fu;rï fjkia ùula flfia is≥ú◊ o@
u Tjqka j Wmqgd olajkak'
÷ Tn ,shd we;s m%jdoh we;s ieáfhka wd.ñl" cd;sjd°
fyda ckjdr®.sl ixfõ°;djhg ydkslr fyda W;aikak ikaOr®Nh i|yd ms˙laiqï ,ehsia;=j(
fõ o hkak Tn Tfnka u úuid isáh hq;= h' ÷ .egqfï b;sydih ms<sn|j mr®fhaIK lrkak'
÷ jHdc iunr;djhla ksr®udKh ls¯fuka j<lskak' ishÆ ÷ mqoa.,hskaf.a m%pKav l%shdjka uÛy˙ñka mqΩ,a Ñ;%hla
mdr®Yajhka g iudk l=i,;d °u iunr;djh fkdfõ' b†˙m;a ls¯ug W;aidy lrkak'
÷ tla tla mdr®Yjh ,nd.kafka fyda thg wysñ jkafka
÷ Tn jdr®;dlrkafka uqΩuy;a ck iuQyhg u nj u;l l=ula o hkak ms<sn|j úuis,su;a jkak'
;nd .kak' Tfí ckjdr®.sl fldgig muKla fkdfõ' ÷ n,mEug f.d≥re jQ idudkH ckhdf.a woyia b†˙m;a
lrkak'

13
iduh lrd udjf;a ° ckjdr®.sl úúO;ajh yd .egqï jdr®;dlrKh

ckjdr®.sl fn°u
lsishï ;ekl u;fíohla fyda m%pKav;ajhla we;s jQ úg"
mqj;am;a l,dfõ†hl=f.a ldr®hh jkafka is≥ jQ foa jdr®;d ls¯u;a isoaê wOHhkh ( wmrdO yd ckjdr®.sl;ajh
th is≥ùug fya;=j fidhd ne,Su;a h' tfy;a" ieu is≥ùula u isxy, mqj;am;l 3 fjks msgqfõ isria;,hla fufia
ckjdr®.sl mokfuys msysgd is≥ jQ njg Wml,amkh fkdl< hq;= úh'
h' §f.or jevg Woõ ùug f.kd ±˙hla wjqre≥ y;rla
igka úrdu .súiqug wg uila f.jqKq 2002 Tlaf;danr® ;siafia fi,a,laldr ;reKhskag úl+Kd we;' ielldr
udifha °" wïmdr †ia;%slalfha uqia,sï nyq;rhla isák uqia,sï hqj<la ˙udkaâ Ndrhg'¶
wlalfrhsm;a;= k.rfha uyd m˙udK ckjdr®.sl l,n,hla mek hqj<f.a wd.u isria;,h u.ska ±laùu fya;=fjka th
ke.sK' uqia,sï lKavdhï mdrj,a yria fldg" ghr® .sks ;nd lv t ie◊ka u cd;sjd° w.;shlg ,la fõ' tfy;a fuu
idmamq jid ouk f,i n,lr isáh y' fya;=j jQfha - fou< wmpdrh yd ckjdr®.sl;ajh w;r we;s iïnkaOh l=ulao@
mqj;am;a yefrkakg - ishÆ u m%Odk fmf<a udOH u.ska uE;° Y%S ,xldfõ isxy, udOH ixialD;shg wkqj" iqΩ ck
w;=reoyka jQ uqia,sï ;reKfhl=" t,aààBh úiska meyerf.k we;s ckjdr®.sl lKavdhulg wh;a mqoa.,fhl= lsishï jrolg
njg yd Tyqj ksoyia lsrSu i|yd remsh,a 50 ,laIhla lmamï iellrefjl= jQ úg" ckjdr®.slNdjh tu jrog iïnkaO
jYfhka b,a,d isák njg jdr®;d ùu h' flfr®'
udOH úiska fuu lreKqj, i;H;djh m%Yak fkd lrk ,o lr®;D ixiofha wdpdr Or®u moaO;sh fufia olajhs'
w;r ;;ajh wrd‚lNdjhlg m;afjñka ;snq◊' t,aààBh fuu §mqoa.,fhl=f.a jr®.h" jr®Kh" wd.u" ,sx.sl;ajh ms<sn|j;a"
meyer.ekSu m%;slafIam l< kuq≥ udOH úiska †.ska †.g u Yd¯˙l fyda udkisl frda. fyda wdndO ms<sn|j;a w.;s
t,aààBh meyer.;a njg jdr®;d ls¯u fya;=fjka flda,dy,h iy.; yd wj«
weú<ùug m˙irh ieliq◊' iy.; lreKq i|yka ls¯fuka mqj;am; je<lS isáh
†k ;=kla ;siafia md,kh lr.; fkd yels ;;ajhla ;snQ hq;af;a h'
w;r" ;reKhd iafõÉPdfjka u wdmiq meñ◊fha h' Tyq ieÛù isá
nj ms<s.;af;a h' Tyq j meyerf.k .sh njg;a" ksoyia ls¯u i|yd
fm<ôh yel' tfia ls¯fuka ta ta ckjdr®.sl fldgia flfrys we;s
lmamula fyúh hq;= njg;a lshk f,i Tyq úiska ;u ñ;=frl=g
mQr®j úksYaphka Yla;su;a flfr®' uqia,sïjreka jxpkslhka f,i"
mjid we;' fuu lmamï uqo, úfoaY.;ùug fhd∞ .ekSu
fou< - fldá f,i" isxy, - cd;sjd°ka f,i hkd° jYfhks'
wruqK úh'
ckudOHfõ°ka cd;sh fyda jr®.h ms<sn| wmeye†,s ia:djrhka
fï wjia:dfõ° lreKqj, ksjer†;djh fyda uQ,dY% ;yjqre
Ndú;d fkdl< hq;= h' tauÛska cd;s" wd.ï fyda jdr®.sl is;eÛs
fldg fkd f.k jdr®;d ls¯fuka udOH úiska m%pKav ckjdr®.sl
fkd±kqj;aj Yla;su;a úh yel'
.egqula weú<ùug ksYaÑ; N+ñldjla rÛmd we;' i;H lreKq
jdr®.sl iu;=,kh wjq,ajk wdldrfha lr®;Djrhl= ;SrK fyda
fy<sorõ ùfuka miqj" ^th udOH úiska lrk,o .fõYKhl
jdr®;dlrKfhka je<lSu ms<sn|j idlÉPd lrk úg
m%;sM,hla f,iska fkdj" ;reKhdf.a mdfmdÉpdrKh fya;=fjks'&
ckudOHfõ°ka fndfyda fofkl= ;ukaf.a m%:u hq;=lu i;H
lsis≥ iudjla .ekSula fyda l,ska m%ldY l< foaj,a jer† njg
jdr®;d ls¯u yd udOH ksoyi h hkak ms<sn|j tlÛ úh'
ms<s.ekSula fyda is≥ fkd ù h'
tla ckjdr®.sl lKavdhula flfrys olajk foaYmd,k
udOHfha meye†,s j.lSu jkafka" i;H jdr®;dls¯u nj
mlaImd;Ndjh /lSu fjkqjg jdr®.sl jqjukdjka yd ;r®ck i|yd
fujeks is≥ùï u.ska kej; kej;;a isysm;a lrk w;r i;H
udOH fhd∞ .ekSug W;aidy lrk foaYmd,k kdhlhska fjkqfjka
jdr®;d l< fkd yels jQ úg tu.ska is≥jkafka wúksYaÑ; nj jeä
mdúÉÑ fkdùug m%fõYï úh hq;= njg iefjdu tlÛ jQy'
ù m%pKv;ajh jeä ùu iy cd;shla ms<sn| jer† woyila jr®Okh
jev igyk ;=< jvd;au i„ù idlÉPdjla mej;sfha
ùu h'
ckjdr®.sl ia:dms; wdor®Y yd wdpdr Or®u iïnkaOfhks' ia:srj
ckjdr®.sl .egqï ks;r u mdfya is≥jk" wúYajdih yd ìh
ishÆ ckudOHfõ°ka i|yd mj;akd jD;a;Sh wdpdr Or®u moaO;shl
ks;r u mj;sk ckjdr®.sl úúO;ajhla we;s wïmdr k.rfhys
wjYH;djh ms<sn|j meye†,s wjfndaOhla ;snq◊'
mj;ajk ,o jevuqΩjl ° ckudOH úiska Tjqkaf.a ckudOH
Ndú;dfõ we;sjk n,mEï f;areï .ekSfï jeo.;alu .ek jdo
újdo l< y' fuu m%jD;a;sh óg jvd fyd¢ka jdr®;d l< yels ckjdr®.sl;ajh i|yd ms˙laiqï ,ehsia;=j
whqre Tjqka idlÉPd l< y' ÷ mqoa.,hl=f.a ckjdr®.s;ajh" cd;sh fyda wd.u i|yka
jdr®;dlrKh u.ska m%jD;a;sh m%:ufhka u ckjdr®.sl ls¯fuka j<lskak'
fkdikaiqka njla we;s rduqjlg ±uqfõ h' .egqï iïnkaO ÷ mqoa.,hl=f.a ckjdr®.sl;ajh" cd;sh fyda wd.u
jdr®;dlrKfha° ckudOHfõ°kag f;dard .ekSula we;s neõ Tõyq i|yka ls¯ug wjYH jkafka kï tajdfha ksjer†Ndjh
f;areï .;ay' ^tkï .egqu yd iïnkaO m%jD;a;sh yd th uev iy;sl ls¯u i|yd tu úia;r w∞< mqoa.,hd u.ska ikd:
meje;aùug W;aidy lrk whf.a m%jD;a;sh f,i& tfukau lr.kak'
YSr®ImdG >d;k ms<sn|j fyda idu m%h;akh ms<sn|j fyda úh yel' ÷ wksl=;a m%jD;a;s uQ,dY% wkjYH f,i ckjdr®.sl;ajh
fya;=jla f,i i,lk úg" i;H fya;+ka .ek cdGlhska
ckjdr®.sl;ajh hkq t†˙jd†lula fkdfõ' ±kqj;a fldg ckjdr®.sl;ajh idOlhla fkd jk nj
hym;a ckudOHfõ°ka ckjdr®.sl m%Njh jdr®;d lrkafka th fmkajd fokak'
;ukaf.a m%jD;a;shg w∞< jk úg mu◊' ÷ Tnf.a mlaImd;S;ajhka .ek wjfndaOhla ;sîu
foaYmd,k{fhla fyda ckjdr®.sl foaYmd,k kdhlfhla jeo.;a jk w;r" m%jD;a;s jdr®;d f;dard .ekSfï ° yd ilia
lsishï woyila b†˙hg ;,aÆ ls¯ug jEhï lrk úg thg we;a; ls¯fï ° ta .ek is;a ys ;nd .kak'
jYfhka m%jD;a;s jákdlula ;sfí o hkak fyda tfia;a ke;akï ÷ jrog fmd<Ujk úia;r iemhSfuka uÛye¯u i|yd
tuÛska ckjdr®.sl m%fldam ls¯u i|yd udOHh mdúÉÑ ls¯ug PdhdrEm fhd∞ .ekSu m%fhdackj;a uÛls' f;dr;=re
W;aidy orkjd o hkak .ek ;lafiare lr ±k.; hq;= h' imhkakka Tjqkaj y∫kajkjd ±lSug leu;s flfia ± hs
ia:dms; wdor®Yhka Yla;su;a jk f,i flfkl=f.a Tjqkaf.ka úuikak' W∞( Tjqkaf.a cd;sh" wd.u fyda
jdr®.sl;ajh i|yka ls¯u uÛska jrola ls¯ug udOHfõ†hl= ckjdr®.sl;ajh ms<sn|j'

14
 iduh lrd udjf;a ° ckjdr®.sl úúO;ajh yd .egqï jdr®;dlrKh

ishÆ me;s wdjrKh ls¯u

ckudOHfõ°kag wd;;sh ieye,aÆ ls¯ug ∞hl úh yels tla yd mjq,g n,mdk wdldrh ms<sn| ;ukaf.au .fõYKhla ls¯u
u.la kï Tjqkaf.a m%cdjkag jeo.;a jk l;d mejiSuhs' uÛska m%pKav isoaëka fyda wdKavqfõ m%ldYk jdr®;d ls¯fï
isoaëkaj,g yd ksfõokj,g ir< j m%;sl%shd olajkq fjkqjg m%jD;a;suh jákdlu m%Yak ls¯fuka idu kHdh m;%h b†˙hg
ckudOHfõ°ka úiska ;ukaf.a m%jD;a;s ldur j,ska bj;aj m%jD;a;s f.k hdug ckudOHfõ°kag yels h'
fidhd f.dia" .fõIK u.ska lreKq wkdjrKh fldgf.k ta ta iqkdñfhka miq l|jqrej, yd m%cdjka ;=< bka úm;g m;a
m%cdjkaf.a ´kElï" tajd m%pKav;ajhg <Ûd ùug fmr jdr®;d l< ñksiqka kej; ;u „ú;h f.dvk.d .ekSug ork W;aidyhka
hq;= h' ms<sn| wm%udK jD;a;dka; ;sfí' tfy;a" udOHhkays iqkdñ
l:djla lSfï° iqúfYaIs yd rij;a ffY,shla wkq.ukh wdjrKh úuid ne¨ iólaIKfhka fy<s jQfha jD;a;dka; j,ska
lrkafka kï jeä fofkla tu lreK flfrys Wkka≥ jk w;r jeä fldgila wdKavqfõ ue†y;aùï iïnkaOfhka nj h'
M,∞hS f,i ±kqj;a j tu újdo j,g iïnkaO jkq we;' l:djla i;H jdr®;dlrKfhka idudkH uyckhd „j;ajkafka flfia
rij;a f,i b†˙m;a ls¯u ckudOHfõ°kaf.a jD;a;Shuh j.lSuls' o@ iy Tjqkaf.a „ú;j, iajNdjh iy udkj ysñlï ;;ajh
fï i|yd we;eïúg wj;eka jQjl= fyda ksjila fkdue;s flfkl= wjOdrKh ls¯u u.ska uyckhdg Tjqka wfkHdakH jYfhka jgyd
iu. †kla .;ls¯ug is≥jkq we;' tu.ska hï isoaêhla fyda .ekSug udOHhg Woõ úh yel'
m%Yakhla Tjqkag n,mdkafka flfiao hkak fidhd.; yelsjk tfy;a" ckudOHfõ°ka" Tjqkaf.a iajdëk;ajh yd uqrm,a,df.a
w;r" ish,a,gu;a jvd fndfydaúg wikakg fkd ,efnk y`vla ldr®hNdrh wk;=rlg m;a lrñka" foaYmd,k wruqKqj,g yd
ta;a;= .ekaùug yels fõ' fu jeks jdr®;dlrK u.ska Tjqkaf.a wdKavqfõ m%;sm;a;sj,g .eg .ekSfï W;aidyhla jk
iudcfha úúO m%cdjka iïnkaOj we;s ia:dms; wdor®Yhka m¯laId Bkshdzixjr®Ok ckudOHfõofhkaZ wdrlaId ùug j. n,d.; hq;=
ls¯ug o wjia:djla ,efnhs' h' iqkdñfhka miq" iyk ie,iSu iy m%;sksr®udK lghq;= ms<sn|
´kEu ;;a;ajhl°" úfYaIfhka u .egqïld¯ wjia:dj,°" úfõpkh ksy`v lrùug iuyreka W;aidy ord we;s w;r"
jD;a;dka; úYd, m%udKhla ,nd.; yel' ;;a;ajh <uqkag" ia;%Skag ksfYaOkd;aul jdr®;dlrKh rcfha udOH uÛska foaYfødayS f,i
yxjvq .ik ,o wjia:d o úh' ^c' cd' i' 2005&

Ys%hka; j,afmd<
udOH ks¯laIKh
zks,Z iqkdñ mqj;a
úl,am m%;sm;a;s flakaøh" 2004
iqkdñfhka miq b†˙m;a lrk ,o
jdr®;djla u.ska 2005 ckjd˙ 1 iy 7
fjks∞ w;r ld,fhys rcfha md,kh
hgf;a mj;sk Y%S ,xld rEmjdyskS
ixia:dj úiska úldYkh lrk ,o
m%jD;a;s fuu jHikfha ishÆ me;slv
wdjrKh ls¯u iïnkaOfhka úur®Ykh
lrk ,°'
fuu jdr®;dj ieliSug fmr"
úl,am m%;sm;a;s flakaøh úiska
iqkdñfhka is≥ jQ uyd jHikh
iïnkaOfhka wdKavqj yd úreoaO mlaI
tluq;= j lghq;= l< hq;= njg fmd≥
iïuq;shla we;s fldg ;snq◊'
mYapd;a iqkdñ wdjrKhg w∞< m%jD;a;s m%fNao 13 la fuu ukd iyiïnkaO;djhla ;sîu h' fidhd.;a lreKq wkqj
jdr®;dj ks¯laIKh fldg ;snq◊' fuu m%fNaoj,g fïjd wh;a cd;sl m%;sksr®udKh wdjrKh i|yd fuu i;shl ld,h ;=<
úh( cd;sl m%;sksr®udKh" wdKavqfõ ue†y;aùï" úfoaY wdOdr" úkdä 46 .;lr ;snQ w;r" iqkdñfhka úm;g m;ajQjka i|yd
iqkdñhg f.d≥re jQjka" kej; f.dvke.Sfï iduQysl fjka jQ ld,h jQfha úkdä 7 la mu◊' ^jdr®;dfõ ks.ukh
iyNd.s;ajh" iykdOdr fn∞ ye¯u iy iqkdñhg f.d≥re jQ jQfha mYapd;a iqkdñ m%jD;a;s wdjrKfha ° Y%S ,xld rEmjdyskS
orejka' ixia:dj wdKavqfõ m%;srEmh m%jr®Okh ls¯ug W;aidy .;a
ks¯laIKh lrk ,o m%fNao 13 ka jvd;a u jdr .Kkla w;r" iqkdñfhka úm;g m;ajQjkag Tjqkaf.a wjYH;d b†˙m;a
úldYh jQfha wdKavqfõ ue†y;aùï h' tajd fuu †k yf;a ld, ls¯ug m%udKj;a bvm%ia;d ,nd fkd ≥ka njhs' ;j≥rg;a
m˙Éf√oh ;=< jdr 42 la úldYh úh' Bg b;d wdikak j †jhsfka W;=re m%foaYfha wdjrKh ixikaokd;aul j i,ld
cd;sl m%;sixialrK l%shdj,sh .ek jdr 41 la o úfoaY wdOdr n,k l< my< uÜgul mej;s nj h'
m˙;Hd. .ek jdr®;d 32 la o úh' jdr®;dj u.ska fmkakqï flfrkafka iqkdñfhka úm;g
fuu †k 7 mqrd u iqkdñhg f.d≥rejQjka .ek mqj;a m;a ck;djg Tjqkaf.a t†fk∞ „ú;j,g iqkdñfhka is≥jQ
wdjrKh 9 j;djlg iSud úh' iykdOdr fn∞ye¯fï jev n,mEu M,∞hS f,i ms˙laiSug m%jD;a;s wdjrKh wiu;a j we;s
ms<sfj< .ek 8 j;djla o iqkdñfhka úm;g m;a orejka ms<sn| njhs'
j 6 j;djla muKla o jdr®;d úh' zudkqIsl wxYhZ flfrys wjOdkh ±laùu uÛska m%Yakh
;j;a jeo.;a lreKla kï jdr®;dls¯ug .;jQ ld,h i<ld ikaor®N.; ls¯fuka iyk jev ms<sfj< i|yd uyck;djf.a
ne,Sfï° úldYh flreKq jdr .Kk yd fjka l< ld,h w;r iyfhda.h ,nd .ekSug Tjqka flfrys fm<Uùula we;s flfr®'

15
iduh lrd udjf;a ° ckjdr®.sl úúO;ajh yd .egqï jdr®;dlrKh

w.;s.dó;ajh iuÛ lghq;= ls¯u

Y%S ,xldfõ ckudOHfõ°ka w;r jvd;a u m%lg ixjdo jQfha ;r®ckhg ,la fõ'
iajdëk ckudOHfõohl wjYH;djh iy Tjqkaf.a zcd;s jd° fuh udOHfõ°ka uqyqK fok wNsfhda.hls' Tjqkaf.a
wr.,hgZ fyda Tjqka wh;a jk ckjdr®.sl fldgig we;s jD;a;Shuh wdpdr Or®uhkag tlÛ j iajdëk j jev lghq;=
mlaImd;S;ajh hs' fndfyda ckudOHfõ°yq Tjqka jdr®;d lrk ck ls¯fï whs;shg .re lrk f,i b,a,d isàu i|yd isú,a iudcfha
fldÜGdYhkag yd lKavdhïj,g we;s we,au .ek iy tys we;s wksl=;a yjq,alrejka iu. w;aje,a ne|.ekSfï wjYH;dj w;a±lSï
jD;a;Suh yd wdpdr Or®óh wNsfhda.hka ms<sn|j .ek újD; j yd u.ska ckudOHfõ°ka m%;HlaI fldg we;'
wjxl j woyia m%ldY l< y' hdmkfha tla mqj;am;a l,dfõ†fhl=
m%ldY l< m˙†" §wms hka;% fkdfjhs ñksiaiq'¶
mlaI Nckh uqΩukska u bj;als¯u fnfyúka u ≥Ialr
ldr®hhla jk w;r iuyr úg tfia ùu t;rï krl fohl=;a
isoaê wOHhkh ( w.;sh msìoùu
fkdfõ' §foaYmd,k yd iudc or®Yk m:h f;areï .ekSug kï" fuys my; ±lafjk lreKq wOHhkh u.ska ckudOH wdpdr
jeo.;a lreKq fudkjd o yd tu lreKq jeo.;a jkafka l=ula Or®u fkd ;ld isáh úg is≥ úh yels foa iy ckudOHfõ°kaf.a
ksid o hk jegySula ;sìh hq;= h' mlaImd;S;ajh wju lr .ekSug jdr®;dlrKh u.ska we;sjk n,mEu fmkajd fohs' fuys° wd.ñl
kqmqΩjka h hkak ñka lsisfia;a u woyia fkdfõ' th ;uka ;=< yrjd.ekSï m%Odk .egqïld¯ idOlhla j mj;sk wjia:djl"
wju lr .ekSu mqj;am;a l,dfõ°kaf.a meyer ye˙h fkd yels ckjdr®.sl;ajh fn∞ fjkals¯fï wdhqOhla f,i Ndú;d lrñka
j.lSuls¶ ^f,ú 2004& mdGlhskag ≥r®u; b†˙m;a fldg Tjqkaf.a wdl,am tla me;a;lg
meye†,sj u" ;u m%cdjf.a iudchSh" foaYmd,k ixl,am" kïud .ekSug fhd∞ f.k ;sfí'
wdr®:sl wjia:d iy ckjdr®.sl mlaImd;S;ajhg msgia;r j ;ukag m<mqre≥ ,dxlSh mqj;am;a l,dfõ†fhl= ffoksl isxy,
meje;aula ke;e hs ms<s.kakd mqj;am;a l,dfõ†hdg" mlaImd;S;ajh mqj;am;l zuQ,Or®u jd†hl=f.a .%yKfhka w;añ≥Kq fn!oaOfhl=f.a
i|yd we;s bvlv iïnkaOfhka wjOdkh fhduqfldg Tjqkaf.a mdfmdÉpdrKhZ hk ud;Dldj hgf;a ,smshla m<lrk ,°' fuu
l;djkays úúO u; b†˙m;a ùu iy tajd f;areï .ekSu ,smsh ál ld,hla uQ,Or®ujd° l%sia;shdks ksldhl idud‚lfhl= j
j<lajd,kafka ke;s njg iy;sl úh yel' isá fn!oaOfhl= ms<sn|j h' tu.ska tu wd.ñl lKavdhu ;ukaf.a
wd.ñl úYajdihka n,y;ald¯ f,i b.ekajQ wdldrh fy<sorõ l<
w;r" tu f;dr;=re fn!oaO ck;dj m%fldamld¯ ùug fya;=N+; úh
ixialdrl iajdëk;ajh yels tajd h'
Y%S ,xld udOHfha jeä fldgila" .=jkaú≥,s úldYhka yd fuu ,smsh m%ldY lrk ,oafoa l%sia;shdks ksldhhka - ,smsfha
úYd,; u mqj;am;a iuQyh o mj;skafka wdKavqfõ md,kh hgf;a wvx.= ksldh fukau m%Odk l%sia;shdks iNdjka o m%ydrhkag
h' iSñ; ixialdrl iajdëk;ajhla tys we;s w;r wdKavqfõ ,lafjñka ;snQ wj†hl h' ckdêm;sksh iy w.%dud;Hjrhd fuu
n,mEu iïnkaOj iEfyk idlaIs we;' ^mdr®la" 2003& mqoa.,sl m%ydr fy<dolsñka tajd uQ,Or®ujd°kaf.a l%shd f,i y∫kajñka Bg
whs;sh hgf;a we;s udOHj, m%jD;a;s wka;r®.;h o tajdfha j.lsjhq;a;ka kS;sh yuqjg muqKqjk f,i b,a,d isáh y'
whs;l
s drhskfa .a jd◊cuh yd foaYmd,ksl Wjukd u; md,kh fõ' flfia fj;;a" ,smsh iunr;djhla ±laùug wfmdfydi;a úh'
uQ,Or®ujd° ksldh kdhlhska lSm fofkl= u ,smsfhys úoyd
oelajqj o" fou< kdhlhskaf.a muKla ckjdr®.slNdjh i|yka
fldg ;snqfKa mdGlhskaf.a yeÛSï m%fldamld¯ jk m˙oafoks' Wod(
jYfhka" §óiu Ndr fou< mQcljrhd fldamfhka l:d lrñka ''''
wfma wd.ug ^l%sia;shdks& fn!oaaOhka 65"000 la n|jd .ekSug
n,dfmdfrd;a;= fjkjd¶
mQcljrhdf.a ckjdr®.slNdjh i|yka ls¯u wjYH j ;snqfKa
o@ thska woyia jQfha Tyq wd.ñl foaYkd lrkafka Tyq fou<
ksido@ fjk;a kdhlhskaf.a ckjdr®.slNdjh i|yka fkd lf<a
ukao@
hd« uka†r msysgd we;s ;eka o ,smsh u.ska fy<slr ;snq◊'
tu.ska tajdg tfrys j m%pKav;ajh ls%hd;aul ùfï yelshdj
jr®Okh úh' ,smsfha m%;sM,hla f,i" thg lsishï m%ydrhla t,a,
jQjdkï" ckudOHfõ†hd jrfoys wkshï yjq,alrejl= úhyels j
;snq◊'
wjqre≥ .Kkdjla uqΩ,af,a wfkHdakH ìh yd wúYajdih u;
mokï jQ Y%S ,xldj jeks iudchl" ´kEu m%ldYhla
w;sYfhdala;sfhka yqjd olajd úlD;s fldg ±laùu idudkH fohls'
wjdikdjlg fuka" udOHh tu ;;a;ajh iukh ls¯fï
udOH wdh;k tajdfha jev lrk mqj;am;a l,dfõ°ka o we;=Ω
yjq,alrejl= jkq fjkqjg" úfYaIfhka u isxy, yd fou< udOH tys
j zn,;, mx.= ls¯uZ kï jQ isoaOdka;fha kshu f;areu jgyd
fldgialrejl= ù ;sfí'
fkd.;fyd;a" udOHh b;d myiqfjka m%pdrKh i|yd fhd∞
my; ±lafjk u.fmkaùï wkq.ukh lrk ,oafoa kï fuu
.efkkq we;'
,smsh jeä†hqKq l< yels j ;snq◊'
foaYmd,k yd jd◊c n,mEïj,ska ñ≥Kq udOHhg
fuys wvx.= lreKq i;H o" wjxl o@ ksjer† o@
m%cd;ka;%jdofha m˙Kduhg iy tys Yla;su;a l%shdld¯;ajhg
,smsfha lr®;D we;a; ke;a; úuid n,d uQ,dY% ksjer† ± hs
jeo.;a ∞hl;ajhla iemhsh yel' udOH wdh;k tajdfha jev
mrSlaId lf<a o@ ,smsfha i|yka ù we;s ishÆ fokd u idOdrK j
lrk mqj;am;a l,dfõ°ka o we;=Ω j zn,;, mx.= ls¯uZ kï jQ
yd iudk j i,lkq ,enqfõ o@
isoaOdka;fha kshu f;areu jgyd fkd .;fyd;a" udOHh b;d
ckjdr®.sl yd wd.ñl mQr®j úksYaphka fuu ,smsh u.ska
myiqfjka m%pdrKh i|yd fhd∞ .efkkq we;'
jr®Okh fõ o@ fuu ,smsh u.ska mdGlhd fkdu. hd o@
iajdëk udOHhla iy;sl fkdjk úg" wmf.a udkj
whs;sjdislï Yla;su;a lrk z±k .ekSuZ i|yd jk uyck whs;sh

16
 iduh lrd udjf;a ° ckjdr®.sl úúO;ajh yd .egqï jdr®;dlrKh

l;dj iïmQr®K jkafka woyia .Kkdjlsks'

ia;%S mqreI iudcNdjh( .egqï wjia:djl°

nqoaêl ùrisxy
.egqu yd iduh ia;%S" mqreI iudcNdjh fkdi,ld ieug n,mdkq
,nhs'
wm ia;%Ska úia;r lrk wdldrh;a Tjqkaf.a l;d lshdmdk
wdldrh;a" iudch ia;%sh foi n,k wdldrh yd Tjqkag i,lk
wdldrh flfrys uy;a n,mEula we;s lrhs' ia;%Ska fndfyda úg
ksrEmKh jkafka hqoaOfha f.d≥re f,i h' th i;Hhls' Tõyq
wj;eka fj;s' jekaoUq fj;s' †<skaoka fj;s' t fuka u ldhsl j yd
,sx.sl j wmpdrhg ,lafj;s' tfy;a mjq,a uÜgfï" m%cd uÜgfï
iy cd;sl uÜgfï fjkia ls¯ï wrNhd igka je° isák l%shdld¯
fldgila jqj o" ta flfrys wjOdkh olajd we;af;a b;du;a w,am
jYfhks'
hqoaOh fya;=fjka ia;%Ska mSvdjg m;ajkafka ms˙ñkag fjkia
wdldrfhks' ia;%Ska flfrys wjOdkh olajk jdr®;d w;r"
jekaoUqjka f,iska Tjqkaf.a ;;ajh m¯laId ls¯u" ia;%S .Dy uQ,sl
mjq,a" iduh i|yd ia;%S uQ,sl;ajfhka wdrïN jk jHdmdr" ia;%Ska
wdhqO w;g .kafka wehs iy Tjqka uqyqKfok wdrlaIdj iïnkaO
.egqï ;;a;ajhl ° <uqka wdrCId ls¯u i|yd ckudOHh jeo.;a
m%Yak fõ' N+ñldjla bgq lrhs'
.egqïld¯ l,dm 18 l wdhqO ikakoaO lKavdhïj,ska ‚kSjd
ys /iajQ ia;%S igkaldóka ;sia fofofkl=f.a /iaùul°" ia;%Ska
m%pKavld¯;ajhg wj;Sr®Kjkafka ms˙ñkag jvd fjkia fya;= u;
nj;a wdhqO ìu ;eîug Tjqka fm<Uúh yelafla;a fjkia ldrKd ckudOHfõ°ka n|jd .ekSu iy jdr®.sl iqΩ;r NdId Ndú;h
u; nj;a ;SrKh l< y' jeo.;a ,sÜuia m¯laIK jqj;a" tajd u.ska th iy;sl fkdfõ'
§‚kSjd /iaùfï ksryxldr ks.uk i,ld ne,Su jà' fndfyda tla m%Odk lreKla kï iudcfha mj;sk úúO;ajh
ia;%Ska lshd isáfha Tjqka igka j†kafka wka;su úl,amh f,i m%;sìïnkh jk wdldrhg mqj;a wdh;khkays ldr®h uKav,h
njhs' n,y;aldr ¥IKhg ,lajQ ia;%Ska fyda ieñhka fyda mjqf,a mj;ajd .ekSuhs' ;ukag jvd fnfyúka fjkia †úfmfj;la
fjk;a idud‚lhska >d;kh ls¯ï weia mkdmsg ≥gq ia;%Ska .;lrk ckhdf.a h:d or®Yk f;areï .ekSug úYsIag .Kfha
úfYaIfhka u fm<U ù we;'¶ ^ú,shïia 2005& mqj;am;a l,dfõ†hl=g jqj;a we;s yelshdjg iSudjla we;'
fu jeks wNsfm%arKd;aul lreKq iy tajd idu idlÉPd ldr®h uKav,h ;=< úúO;ajhla u.ska jvd újD; yd jvd
flfrys flfia n,mdkq we;a o hk lreKq ckudOHfõofha iq.u udOHhla we;s fõ' wvq ;rñka mqj;am;a l,dfõ°ka lsysm
.fõYIKhg ,laúh hq;= m%jD;a;s jeo.;alulska hq;a mrdihka fõ' fofkl= iu. fyda wkkH ùug mdGlhskag yelsjk w;r Tjqka
iqkdñfhka úm;g m;ajqjka .ek jdr®;dlrKfha ° ia;%S mqreI b†˙m;a lrk ikaor®Nh flfrys úYajdih ;eîug o bv we;'
iudcNdjh ms<sn|j fkd ;elSfuka jdr®;dlrKhg ydks jQjd mqj;am;" .=jka ú≥,sh fyda rEmjdyskS úldYkh tla;rd ckjdr®.sl
fuka u ckjdr®.sl .egqñka úm;g m;a wh ms<sn| jdr®;dlrKh o fldgila fjkqfjka fmkS isà h hk woyi we;s ùu túg ≥ria:
thg iudk jQ nj .egqï ixfõ° ckudOH iïnkaO jevuqΩjlg jkq we;' fcHIaG ks,;, j, fuka u lksIaG ks, j, o i;H
iyNd.S fjñka fld<U úYaj úoHd,fha ks¨µr® o fu,a uE;l° jYfhka fulS úúO;ajh ms<sìUq fõ kï" túg m%jD;a;s
lshd isáhd h' jdr®;dlrKfha ienE fjkila is≥jkq we;'
ia;%Skag muKla iSud jQ m%Yak flfrys udOH wjOdkh fhduq udOH l<ukdlrKhg yd ckudOHfõ°kag Tjqkaf.a /lshd"
ls¯ug wiu;a úh' ,sx.sl w;jr ls¯ï yd ia;%Ska n,y;aldrfhka mqyqKq ls¯ï yd jdr®;dlrK Ys,amSh l%u m¯laId ls¯ug yd †hqKqjla
¥IKh ls¯ï jdr®;d ls¯ï yereKq úg" l|jqrej, fjfik ,nd.; yels wkaou iy m%;sM, uek ne,Sug;a j.lSula ;sfí'
ldka;djkag jvd iq≥iq wdrlaIl úêúOdk ie,iSu;a tuÛska is≥ úúO;ajh fkdbjiSu iuÛ lghq;= ls¯fï° yd udOHfha lr®;D
úh' l|jqre fldñá j, ldka;d iyNd.s;ajh" Tjqkaf.a uKav, ldr®h M,hka ks¯laIKh ls¯ug we;s leue;a; yd nef|k
mqoa.,sl;ajh" wdrlaIdj iy wjYH;d ^iakdkh i|yd fjku wdpdr Or®óh WNf;dafldaálhka ms<sn|j mqyqKq jev igykaj,s°
myiqlï" hg we∫ï iy ikSmdrlaIl ;=jd& .ek mqΩ,a idlÉPd ls¯u wd†h hs' fuh" m%jD;a;s tl;= lrkakkaf.a ±kqu
jdr®;dlrKhla is≥ fkd ùh' fuu m%Yak iïnkaOfhka olajk mqΩ,a ls¯u" jer† wju ls¯u" fkd±kqj;a nj yd fkdi,ld ye¯u
ksy`v;djfhka fmkS hkafka iyk ie,iSfï l%shdj,sfhys ksr; ;=<ska u;=jk mlaImd; Ndjhka wju ls¯u wd†h ms<sn|j ±kqj;a
jkakka fndfyda fofkl=f.a ia;%S" mqreI iudcNdjh ms<sn| ±kqu Ndjhla we;s ùug fya;= fõ'
t;rï by< ;;a;ajl fkd;snQ njhs' ckudOHfõ°kag yd udOH l<ukdlrKhg m%fhdackj;a úh
§th jdr®;d l< wdldrh wkqj" ldka;djka mSvdjg m;a jQ yels udOHfha úúO;ajfha wjYH;djh iïnkaOj we;s ;r®l
f.d≥re njg;a ms˙ñka ksfhda‚;hska njg;a m;a l< ;;a;ajh .Kkdjls(
biau;= fldg olajd ;snq◊' fuys m%;sM,h jQfha ia:dms; wdor®Y ÷ lr®;D uKav,fha ckjdr®.sl úúO;ajh" jvd mqΩ,a mdGl"
f,i ldka;djka wirK jqjka f,i jdr®;d ùu;a" ms˙ñka .e,jqï Y%djl yd krUk mrdihla
lrejka f,i ksrEmKh ls¯u;a h'¶^o fu,a 2005& wdlr®Ykh lr .ekSug fya;= fõ' udOH wdjrKh b,lal
iïmQr®K jdr®;djla i|yd mqΩ,a mrdihl ldka;djkaf.a h:d lKavdhfï „ú; yd iu. ióm
iajNdjhka Bg we;=<;a ls¯u ckudOHfõ°kag wjYH jkq we;' jk úg wf,úh yd krUkakka ixLHdj jeä †hqKq jkq
úfYaIfhka u fndfyda úg y`v keÛSu j<lajd we;s jdr®.sl we;'
iqΩ;rhkag wh;a ldka;djkaf.a h:d iajNdjh jeo.;a fõ' ÷ ckudOHfõoh idOdrK;ajh yd wmlaImd;S;ajh i|yd
uykais jk w;r" m%jD;a;s ldurh
m%jD;a;s ldurfha úúO;ajh ;=< úúO ckjdr®.sl ksfhdackh u.ska iqΩck fldgiaj,ska
úúO;aj jdr®;dlrKh i|yd mqΩ,a ckjdr®.sl mrdihl f;dr;=re ,nd.ekSfï úúO

17
iduh lrd udjf;a ° ckjdr®.sl úúO;ajh yd .egqï jdr®;dlrKh

uQ,dY%j,g m%fõY ùfï yelshdj †hqKq l< yel'

÷ ldr®h uKav,fha jvd hym;a ckjdr®.sl ksfhdackhla iy hym;a Ndú;h i|yd m%Yak
jvd;a iunr m%jD;a;s wdjrKhla 1' ishÆ u /lshd wenEr®;= m%isoaO lrkjd o@
u.ska úúO miqìï we;s mdGl$Y%djl ms˙ia flfrys 2' fkd i,ld yer we;s lKavdhï j,ska b,aÆï m;a
,nd.ekSu fm<Uùug l%shdfldg ;sfí o@
wdlr®IKh ùug yels fõ' úúO ixialD;sl
3' wOHdmk yd fjk;a iq≥iqlï ±lafjk ,shú,a, u;
miqìïj,ska hq;a ckhd b,lal flfrk m%pdrl ±kaùï
flfkl=g iïuqL m¯laIKhla i|yd
m<lrkakka" ishÆ u ck fldÜGdY
jdrhla °ug fmr flfkl= iïnkaOfhka hï hï
jvd wdlr®IKh jk udOHhg leue;a;la olajkq ,nhs' Wm l,amkhka flfrkafka o@
÷ fjkia lKavdhï j, ckudOHfõ°kag yd udOHj,g tlg 4' fjkia jQ ckjdr®.sl$ixialD;sh miqìïj,ska iy
jev ls¯ug Wkka≥ lrúh hq;= NdId ±kqu we;s ckudOHfõ°kaf.ka
w;r" f;dr;=re yqjudre lr .ksñka tlsfkldf.ka bf.k l=uk wxYj, jev lghq;= i|yd m%fhdackhla fõ ±
.ekSug ie,eiaúh hq;= h' hs Tn i,ld n,d ;sfí o@
udOHh iy m<,a ck;dj w;r ixjdoh ;rïu jeo.;a 5' lsishï jD;a;dka;hla ldka;djka flfrys flfia
lreKla kï udOHh ;=< yd udOHhka n,mdkq we;a ± hs Tn i,ld neÆfõ o@
w;r ixjdohla mej;Su h' Tjqkaf.a woyia thg we;=Ω lf<a o@

m%jD;a;s NdIdj
m%jD;a;s /ia ls¯fï ° úfYaIfhka u fjk;a iudc lKavdhï idu l%shdld¯ka iy úfoaY wdOdr jeks jdo úIhhka jdr®;dlrKh
flfrys n,mdk m%Yak yd isoaê iïnkaOfhka jk úg" NdIdj kej; m¯laIdjg Ndckh l< hq;= h' fïjd ms<sn|j i|yka
m%Odk ndOlhla nj iólaIKh fmkajd fohs' nyq NdId olaI;d jkafka RKd;aulj yd wjuka iy.;j fõ' fuu lreKq Y%S
we;s mqj;am;a l,dfõ°ka †˙u;a ls¯u u.ska iy úúO NdId ,xldfõ fN!ñl wLKav;djhg" ia:djr;ajhg yd tlai;aNdjhg
ksmqK;d we;s jdr®;dlrejka tla l:djla flfrys lKavdhï .; ydks∞hl f,i ksrEms; m%fldamld¯ jdr®;d u.ska wmf.a ck
ls¯u ;=<ska úYajdih f.dvke.sh yels w;r" fjk;a NdId iuQyhkag Tjqkaf.a u;jdo ilia lr .ekSug wjYH flfrk
l:dlrk ck iuQyhla fj; m%úIaG ùug bv lv ie,fia' úYajdi∞hl yd ksrjoH f;dr;=re ,nd° ;sfí o@
ckudOHfõ°kag Wm˙u md,khla we;s fÈ;%h kï isoaëka"
m%Yak úia;r ls¯ug yd jdr®;dlrKh i|yd Tjqka fhd∞ .kakd <uhskaf.a y~g lka°u
jpk yd jdlHdxYhs' úfYaIfhka u .egqïld¯ ;;a;ajhka ;=<" <uhska jeäfhka
meye†<s f,i u mqj;am;a l,dfõ°ka lsisu úfgl iQrdlEug Ndckh jk w;r" Tjqka j wdrlaId ls¯ug jeäysáhka
ckjr®.hlg le<,la is≥ fkd l< hq;= w;r" fjk;a ckjdr®.sl wjYH fõ' fndfyda fofkl= <ud fid,a∞≥jka f,i
fyda wd.ñl fldgila iïnkaO j wú«ksl j lsishï Wm n,y;aldrfhka n|jd .efkk w;r ;j;a fldgila rg ;=<g yd
l,amkhla lf<a kï th ms<s.ekSug b†˙m;a úh hq;= h' msg rgj,g kS;s úfrdaë f,i m%jdykh fldg ,sx.sl jy,a Ndjh
W∞yrKhla jYfhka" Y%S ,xldfõ igka úrdu .súiqulska miqj o we;=<;a jk jd◊cH Y%ñlhska f,i úl=Kkq ,efí'
iudc - foaYmd,k ikaor®Nfha wxYhka úia;r ls¯ug udOH NdIdj udOH fÈ;%fhys jev lrk ms˙ia f,i" tu.ska <uqka
iu. fmdrnoñka isà' §cd;sjd°¶ jeks jpk fou< mqj;am;a úiska úIhfhys jeäysá pr®hdjka yev .ekaùfï n,j;a ms˙ila f,i"
wúpdrj;a f,i isxy, m%cdj ye¢kaùu i|yd fhd∞ .kq ,efí' .egqïld¯ ;;a;ajhka hgf;a <uqkaf.a wdrlaIdj ie,iSug wm
fndfyda úg isxy, yd fou< NdId mqj;am;ays m<jk jdr®;d wkqj úiska uy;a jQ ldr®hNdrhla bgq lrkq ,efí'
cd;sjd° wd;;Ska ckjdr®.sl ffjrhla njg m;ajk w;r" iqΩ ckudOHfõ°kaf.a cd;Hka;r iïfï,kh u.ska f,dalh jgd
u;fío uyd m˙udK ckjdr®.sl .egqï njg m;a lrhs' uy cd;sh isák ckudOHfõ°ka <uqka ms<sn| jdr®;dlrKfha ° wkq.ukh
yd iqΩ cd;sh ms<sn| ksr®jpk lsishï ;r®lhla f.dvke.Su ms◊i l< hq;= uÛfmkaùï ms<sn| tlÛ;ajhlg meñK we;' Tjqka
fndfyda úg úlD;s lrkq ,efí' iqΩ cd;sh hkak isxy, mqj;am;a iQrdlEug md;%ùug bv fkd ;nd" Tjqka myiqfjka f.d≥re njg
ys fndfyda úg zwksl=;aZ ck fldÜGdYj, kS;Hdkql+,Ndjhg m;a lr .ekSfï yelshdj we;s mskamshkag" kS;s úfrdaë fjf<∫kag"
ydksjk f,i wjudkd;aul j Ndú;d flfr®' Bg m%;súreoaO f,i n|jd .kakkag iy wmfhdackh flfrk foudmshkag" wkdjrKh
fou< udOHfhys isxy, ck fldÜGdYh ksfhdackh ls¯u i|yd ùug bv fkd ;nd" Tjqkf.a woyia we;=<;a lr .ekSfï
Ndú;d lrk zuy cd;shZ hk fh≥u tu iudcfhys olakg we;s jeo.;alu ckudOHfõ°ka úiska ms<s.kq ,en ;sfí'
u; úúO;ajh fyda foaYmd,k u;jdo fyda ms<sìUq fkd lrhs' b;du;a wiSre wdpdrOr®u m%Yakhla kï" <uqkaf.a kï we;=<;a
ia:dms; wdor®Y yd ck fldÜGdY hlaI fjia .ekaùu °r®> lrkafka o hkak yd Tjqkaf.a uqyqKq PdhdrEm u.ska fyda Ñ;%mg
ld,hla ;=< mej; tk ckjdr®.sl .egqfï wksjdr®h m%;sM,hla úh ;=<ska fmkajkafka o hkakhs' ckudOHfõoh" uyck iqNisoaêh
yel' ´kEu wmrdOhlg iel flfrk fou< mqoa.,fhl= bfí u i|yd meye†<sj u wjYH h hs yeÛ=k úgl° yer" oDYH fyda
;%ia;jd†hl= jk w;r" isxy, mqoa.,fhl=g ielfha jdish ysñfõ' fjk;a wdldrhlg <uqka y∫kd .ekSug bv fkd;eîug j. n,d
iudk jpk f,i Ndú;d l< fkd yels fou<" t,aààB iy .; hq;= nj c' cd' i' uÛ fmkaùï m%ldY lrhs' udOHfha uQ,sl u
;%ia;jd° hk fh≥ï tlu m%jD;a;s jdr®;dfjys tlu f;areu we;s hq;=lu jkafka orejl=g ;j≥rg;a ydks meñKùfuka je<lS
mo f,i Ndú;d flfr®' isàuhs' <ud fid,a∞≥jka fyda ,sx.sl wmfhdackhg f.d≥re jQ
lgjyr jpk o udOHhg m%Yakhla fõ' uqia,sï fyda fou< orejka iïnkaOfhka m%pdrh fldg tu orejka y∫kd .ekSug
ck fldÜGdYhl idud‚lhl= ye¢kaùug Ndú;d jkqfha ie,eiaùu u.ska ;j ;j;a ydks meñfKkjd we;'
ms<sfj<ska ;ïìhd fyda urlal,hd iy fou<d jYfhks' iïmQr®K wmfhdackh ksid fyda lïmkh ksid fyda fõokd ú|sk <uqka
wkkH;djhla we;s ck fldÜGdYhla ye¢kaùug taldldr yd yd iu. iïuqL idlÉPd meje;aùu ckudOHfõ°kag úfYaI
l=˙re joka wixfõ° f,i fhd∞ .ekSu ^fou< ck iuQyh i|yd wNsfhda.hla jk w;r th b;d m%fõYfuka l< hq;a;ls' meye†,s
fouΩ iy uqia,sï ck iuQyh i|yd urlal,fhda& iy Tjqkaf.a úia;r ,nd .ekSug ;e;a ls¯fï° <uhd tu is≥ùu kej;
iyfhda.h iy Tjqka fm<Uùug úfYaI Wkka≥jla olajk wh ujd.ekSug fyda tu w;a±lSu kej; ú£ug bv we;' wm iEu úg
≥n, ls¯ug foaYmd,k u;jdo wjudkd;aul f,i Ndú;d ls¯u' u weish hq;= m%Yakh kï orejd iu. iïuqL idlÉPdj meje;aùu
ckudOHfõ°ka úiska iajdëk yd jD;a;Shuh m%fõYhka u.ska" f;areula we;a o hkq yd fuu jD;a;dka;h f.dkq lr .ekSug
fµvr,ajdoh" n,h fn∞ye¯u" wdKavqfõ fkd jk ixúOdk yd úl,am udr®.hla fkd ;sfí o hkak h'

18
 iduh lrd udjf;a ° ckjdr®.sl úúO;ajh yd .egqï jdr®;dlrKh

hym;a Ndú;h i|yd m%Yak

1' lr®;D uKav, /iaùula mj;ajd uE; jdr®;d lSmhla .ek 6' jdr®;dlrejka ck fldÜGdY yuqùug hEu Wkka≥
idlÉPd lrkak' tfia ls¯fï ° lrjkak'
,sx.sl;ajh" jhi iy ckjdr®.slNdjh hk oDIaá 7' b,lal lr.;a m%cdjl WmfoaYl lKavdhula
fldaKhlska tajd foi n,kak' f.dvke.Sfï yelshdj fidhd n,kak'
2' m%jD;a;s j, iy úfYaIdx. ,smsj, ckjdr®.sl;ajh 8' flfkl=g wdrdê; fld,ula ,nd fokak'
yiqrejd we;af;a flfiao@ 9' rEmjdysksfha fyda mqj;am;ays Tn Ndú;d lrk mska;+r
3' ckjdr®.sl;ajh zm%YakhlaZ f,i ks;r u mdfya olajkq foi n,kak' tajd Tfí ck fldÜGdYfha
,efío@ iunr;djh ms<sìUq lrkafkao@ tla m%ldYkhl fyda
4' wmrdO ms<sn| l:dka;r" ia:dms; wdor®Y uÛska Yla;su;a ksfõokhl fmkS isák mqoa.,hska
lrkafkao@ .Kka lrkak' th ckfldÜGdYfha kshu ms<sìUqjla o@
^jdr®;dlrejka úiska i;shlg lS jdrhla fmd,sishg 10' fkd i,ld y˙kq ,enQ ck fldÜGdY ;=< Tnf.a
≥rl:k weu;=ï ,nd ≥kafka o hkak iïnkaOlï jeä †hqKq lr.kak' Tjqkaf.a
ck fldÜGdY yuqjg .sh wjia:d .Kk yd ixikaokh iïnkaO;d tl f.dkaklg f.k tk f,i Tfí
lrkak'& jdr®;dlrejkag Wmfoia fokak' woyi
5' ck fldÜGdYh iu. iïnkaO;d we;s lr .ekSug jeäfhka ,nd .ekSu i|yd nqoaê l,ïnkhla
wêIaGdkYS,S W;aidyhla orkak' lrkak'

úúO;aj ms˙laiqï ,ehsia;=j l;djla ms<sn|j

jdr®;dlrejka yd ixialdrljreka i|yd isheÜ,a ghsïia 1' fuu m%jdohg ud úúO uQ,dY% fhd∞ .kq ,enqfõo@
mqj;am; úúO;aj ms˙laiqï f,aLkhla ilia lrk ,°' fuu m%Yak 2' úúO;ajh we;=<;a ls¯u i|yd udf.a W;aidyh l,ska we;s
th wkqidrfhka ilia fldg we;' lr.;a woyia u.ska iSud ùug ud
úiska bv ° ;sfío@
ixialdrljreka i|yd m%Yak 3' ud ck iuQyhla ksfhdack ls¯ug tla mqoa.,fhl=
1' mej¯ï ls¯fï° yd m< ls¯fï° ud úiska úúO;ajhg ixfla;hla f,i fhd∞ .kafka o" tfia;a
m%uqL;ajhla fokq ,nkafkao@ ke;akï kshu úúO;ajh fidhkafkao@
2' úúO uQ,dY% yd m%jdohka yUdhEu i|yd ud úiska 4' úúO;ajh fidhd hEfï ° ud ia:dms; wdor®Y Yla;su;a
jdr®;dlrejkag wjYH ld,h ,nd fokafka o@ lrkafkao" tfia;a ke;akï Bg tfrysj l%shd lrkafka o@
3' úúO ck fldÜGdYj, uQ,dY% yd iïnkaOlï meje;aúh 5' ud th olsk wdldrhgu i;H m%ldY lrkafka o@
yels mqoa.,hska jr®Okh lr .ekSu 6' fuu m%ldYkfha m%;sM, flfia úh yels o@ bka fõokdjg
i|yd ud ldr®hd,fhka neyer hkafkao@ m;a jkafka ljqrekao" bka jdis ,nkafka ljqreka o@
7' uf.a ;Ska≥j th wNsfhda.hg ,la lrk ´kEu flfkl=g
jdr®;dlrejka i|yd idOdr”lrKhlska f;drj
1' ud úiska wdjrKh flfrk ixúOdkhkays l%shdldrlï úúO meye†<sj yd wjxl j f;areï lr°ug" ug yelshjla ;sfío@
ck.yk fldÜGdYj, mqoa.,hska flfrys flfia
n,mdkafka ± hs fidhd ne,Sug ud W;aiql jQfha o@
2' tu ixúOdkfha n,mEug yiq jQ m%cdfõ m%Yak ud úiska
fidhkq ,enqfõ o@
3' l;d ud;Dldjka yd fldaKhka ilia ls¯fï° ixúOdk"
mqoa.,hska yd ia:dkhka fyda úúO
ud†,Ska mqΩ,a lrkafka flfia o@
4' uf.a iïnkaOlï yd uQ,dY% mqΩ,a lr .kafka flfiao@

19
iduh lrd udjf;a ° ckjdr®.sl úúO;ajh yd .egqï jdr®;dlrKh

uQ,fhka u ,nd.ekSu
úYsIag ckudOHfõoh w;a±lSïj, fmdfydi;a
nfõ m%;sìïNhls' th l< yelafla" idudkH ñksiqka
„j;a jk ieá" Tjqkaf.a ìh" n,dfmdfrd;a;="
ch.%yKhka yd úm;a;s .ek jdr®;d ls¯ug Woõ Wmldr
l< yels m%d:ñl uQ,dY% cd,hla f.dvk.d .ekSfuka
muKls' ;ukaf.a m%jD;a;s ldur ;=<g ù wdKavqfõ
mqj;am;a ksfõok u.ska ks, m%jD;a;s ,efnk f;la n,d
isák ckudOHfõ°kag fuu idrj;aNdjh wjfndaO fkd
jkq we;'
uyckhdf.a w;a±lSï .ek Wkka≥ ùu" tajdg
ijka°u yd tajd jdr®;dlrKh fndfyda ckudOHfõ°kag
yd udOH ixúOdkj,g uQ,sl m˙jr®;khla jkq we;'
fuhska woyia jkafka udOH wdh;k Tjqkaf.a iïm;a"
ckudOHfõ°ka m%jD;a;s uefjk fÈa;%hg fufyhjd
.; hq;= nj hs'
ñksiaiq jvd fyd| †ú fmfj;la wfmalaId lr;s'
iïm;a jvd idOdrK f,i fn°hdula wfmalaId lr;s'
Tjqkaf.a meje;aug jvd fhda.H jHqyhka wfmalaId lr;s'
ckudOHfõ°ka Tjqkaf.a jdr®;dlrKh u.ska m%Yak
ksrdjrKh ls¯fuka" ckhdf.a w;a±lSï iy Tjqkaf.a
.eyeKqka hqoaOfha f.d≥re h'''' kuq;a Tjqka igkald˙hka fuka u
wfmalaId l=Ω.ekaùu ;=<ska fuu jHqyh t<sorõ lr .ekSug Wmld¯ fjkig fjkilg leu;s wh o fõ'
jkq we;'
;ukaf.a l;djka ;=<ska úúO u; yd woyia ksfhdackhg Wkka≥ yels f;dr;=re iEu úg u jvd fhda.H fõ' ´md¥m u.ska yd oaú;Shsl
jkafka kï f;dr;=re ,nd .ekSfï uQ,dY% nexl=jla jr®Okh lr.; uQ,dY% u.ska ,nd .kakd f;dr;=re idjoH ùug bvlv we;'
hq;= h' weÆï iy.; mqoa.,fhla yd iu. we;sjk iEu
iïnkaO;djhla uÛska u Tfí uQ,dY% ,ehsia;=j" oYl .Kkdjla ;=< hym;a wNHdi lreKq
m%jD;a;s jdr®;dlrejkaf.a m%Odk uQ,dY%h jQ wdKavqfõ mqj;a ÷ Tnf.a uQ,dY% ,ehsia;=.; fldg" th Tfí i.hska yd iu.
ksfõokj,g jvd mqΩ,a lr .ekSug fya;= fõ' mqre≥ ms<sfj<g jvd fn∞.kak' jdr®;dlrejl= jYfhka Tnf.a lghq;= b†˙hg we° hk
fjkia h:d or®Ykhla ie,iSug yels f∞ia;rjreka" kS;s{hska" úg Bg ;j;a uQ,dY% tl;= lr.kak'
W.;=ka iy ck kdhlhska fï i|yd Wmfhda.S fldg .; yel' ÷ úIhhka .Kkdjla flfrys úYajdih ;eìh yels" u;hla
nyq NdId nyq ckjdr®.sl ck iudchl wksl=;a ck fldÜGdY iemhsh yels fjk;a wd.ïj, yd ckjdr®.sl fldgiaj, mss˙ñ iy
j, úYajikSh uQ,dY% b;d jeo.;a fõ' úYsIag jdr®;dlrejkag mqΩ,a .eyekq iu. iïnkaO;d f.dvke.Sug wjOdkh fhduq lrkak'
jQ;a úúO jQ;a uQ,dY% cd,hla ;sìh hq;= h' mqΩ,a uQ,dY% moaO;shla
;sîfï ;j;a jdishla kï f;dr;=rej, ksrjoH;djh ±k.ekSu
i|yd úl,am u.lska ;yjqre lr.ekSug yels ùu h' lsishï
isoaêhl° i;H jYfhka ta wjia:dfõ tys isá mqoa.,hskaf.ka ,nd.;

fjk;a lKavdhïj, ckhd yd iu. iïuqL idlÉPd meje;aùu'

udOH úúO;aj wdh;kh" c' cd' i' iu. tlaj" ÷ Tjqkaf.a „ú; .;l<hq;= wdldrh .ek nK foaYkd fkd
ckudOHfõ°ka i|yd fuu bÛs ms<sfh, lrk ,°' lrkak' Tn Tjqka iuÛ idlÉPd lrkafka Tng jvd
÷ ixfõ°j yd fyd¢ka is;d u;d lghq;= lrkak' fyd¢ka Tjqka Tjqkaf.a ;;ajh f;areï f.k isák neúks'
ckudOHfõ†hl= iu. l:d ls¯ug ckhd ìhla olajk nj ÷ Tjqka wh;ajk iqΩ ck fldÜGdYh flfrys Tnf.a we;s
f;areï .kak' uq,ska u Tjqka ikaiqka lrjkak'
mQr®j ks.ukhka .ek Tng u y∫kajd fokak'
÷ iïuqL idlÉPdj iïnkaOfhka Tjqka mkjkq ,nk
fldkafoais f;areïf.k tajdg .re lrkak' Tjqkaf.a kï ÷ Tng f;dr;=re imhkakka úfYaI{hska nj wu;l fkd
mdúÉÑ ls¯u iïnkaOfhka úreoaO;ajhla ;sfío keoao lrkak' úfYaI{hl= ùug f∞ia;r flfkl= fyda
hkak .ek meye†<s lr.kak' úoHd{hl= ùu wjYH fkdfõ' Tnf.a f;dr;=re imhkakka
÷ iïuqL idlÉPdj mj;ajk ia:dkh f;dard .kafka Tn kï" Tjqkaf.a „ú; ms<sn| úfYaI{fhda h' Tng wjYH jkafka
Tjqkag iqj myiqj ±fkk ia:dkhla f;dard.kak' Tjqkaf.a „ú; yd w;a±lSï Tjqka ,jd úia;r lr .ekSuhs'
÷ Tjqka leu;s f,i Tjqkaf.a l:dj lSug bv y˙kak' Tnf.a ldr®hh jkqfha tajd Tnf.a mdGlhska fj;
Tjqkag wjYH wjqre≥ 5 lg fyda 10 lg fmr is≥ jQ
±kaùuhs'
fohlska l:dj wdrïN ls¯ug kï" Tng ±k .ekSug
÷ idlÉPdj wjidkfha °" iïuqL idlÉPdjka meje;aúh
Wjukd fohg th iïnkaO ke;s jqj;a" Bg bv fokak'
÷ kuHYS,S jkak' idlÉPdjg fmr weish hq;= m%Yak yels fjk;a wh isákjd± hs Tjqkaf.ka úuikak' th
,ehsia;=jla iQ∞kïj ;nd .kak' tfy;a th fmd≥ fuu ,smshg fuka u wkd.;fha ,shk ,sms j,g o wjYH
u.fmkaùula f,i mdúÉÑ lrkak' Tfí m%Yakh fhduq jk fjk;a uQ,dY% fidhd .ekSfï jeo.;a l%uhls'
ls¯fuka miq m¯laIdld¯ j Tjqka lshk foa g weyqïlka ÷ ish,a,g u jvd fuu f;dr;=re Ndú;d lrk wdldrh .ek
fokak' fjk;a m%úIaGùulg o bv mEfokq we;' m%fõiï jkak' Tjqka .ek ,shk úg ie,ls,su;a j yd
ohdkqN˙; j th lrkak'
20
 iduh lrd udjf;a ° ckjdr®.sl úúO;ajh yd .egqï jdr®;dlrKh

c' cd' i' .egqï jdr®;dlrK uÛfmkaùï

.egqfï ;shqKq nj wvqls¯ug" foaYmd,k ia:djrNdjh iy wjqΩjd,Sug fyda wka whg Wml,amk ksr®udKh lrùug fyda
ñksia whs;sjdislïj,g we;s f.!rjh jeä †hqKq ls¯ug Y%S mqΩjk' t fuka u" wmlaImd;S f,i fmfkk jpk fyda jdlHdxY
,xldfõ udOHhg yelshdjla we;' wjqre≥ .Kkdjla ;=< mej;s we;eï lKavdhïj,g iDKd;aul weÛùula úh yel' fuh
foaYmd,k yd iudc wia:srNdjh iu. 2004 iqkdñ jHikfha j<lajd.ekSug wdldr lSmhla fõ' m%:ufhka u Tn ;=< we;s mQr®j
n,mEu fya;=fjka óg l,ska lsis∞ fkd jQ ;rï jeo.;a úksYaphka f;areï .ekSug wjYH fõ' fojkqj" lshkq ,nk fohg
ldr®hNdrhla udOHhg ±ka mej¯ ;sfí' f,dj jgd .egqï uyckhd m%;sl%shd olajk wdldrh .ek is;a ys ;ndf.k
wjia:djka iuÛ jev lrk ckudOHfõ°ka úiska ilia lrk ,o jdr®;dfjys wvx.= ls¯ug Tn f;dard .kakd foa flfrys th
uÛfmkaùï iuÛ fuu Wmfoia taldnoaO fldg we;' fuu n,meje;aùug bv yrskak' ;=kafjkq j" yels wjia:dj,°
Wmfoia fuys olajd we;af;a i,ld ne,Su i|yd jk w;r tAjd jpkfhka úia;r ls¯ug hka; ±¯fï° jHdl+,;ajhla fyda jer†
lsisfia;a u m˙mQr®K fkd fõ' jegySula we;súh yels foaj,a ikaksfõokh ls¯u i|yd PdhdrEm
Ndú;d lrkak'
lreKqj, ksrjoH;dj
úúO jQ iy úYajikSh jQ f;dr;=re uQ,dY% nexl=jla f.dvk.d ikaor®Nh
.ekSu u.ska ckudOHfõ°kag blau◊ka f;dr;=re ,nd.; yels isoaëka tajdfha ft;sydisl ikaor®Nhla ;=< msysgqùfuka
w;r tajdfha ksrjoH;dj o iy;sl lr .; yel' Y%S ,xldfõ mdGlhskag jr®;udk jr®Okhka jvd fyd¢ka jgyd .ekSug
mqj;am;a l,dfõ°kaf.a w;a±lSï yd wdl,am iïnkaOfhka c' cd' yelshdjla ,efí' ikaor®Nfhka m˙ndysr jQ úg m<,a Ñ;%h fkd
i' úiska lrk ,o iólaIKfhka" ksrjoH;dj i|yd úl,am fmkS f.dia fjkilg fyda ixfYdaOkhg we;s bv m%ia:d o wiqrkq
u.lska ksjer†;dj ;yjqre lr .ekSfï jeo.;alu fmkajd fok ,efí' flfia fj;;a" úúO lKavdhïj,g isoaêh n,mE wdldrh
,°' lsis≥ uQ,dY%hlska ksl=;ajk ksfõokhla tys uqyqK; w.h u; f;fjks mdr®Yjhlska úuiSug fyda Wml,amkh ls¯ug fyda jvd
ms<s.; hq;= fkd jkafka" zks,Z uQ,dY% jqj o idjoH úh yels neúks' thska iDcq j n,mEug f.d≥re jQ whf.ka úuiSu jvd fhda.H fõ'
lsishï jrola is≥jQ úg yels;dla blau◊ka jro ms<sf.k th ikaor®Nh" .egqï jdr®;dlrKfha jeo.;a wx.hla ksfhdackh lrk
ksjer† l< hq;= fõ' w;r" tu.ska w∞< m%Yak mdGlhka f;areï .;a nj iy;sl jk
w;r" Tjqka uxuq<d ùfuka j<lajd,hs' Bg;a jvd krl m%;sM,hla
iunr;dj jk W∞iSk ùfuka o j<lajd,kq ,nhs'
.egqï wjia:d lsis u úgl iq≥ - lΩ fkdfõ' tneúka ishÆ u
mdr®Yjhkaf.a woyia m¯laId lr n,d Tjqkaf.a h:d or®Yk we;=<;a j.lSu
l< hq;= h' by< uÜgfï wjOdkhla iy j.lSula fkdue;s ;;a;ajhla
ks, m%ldY iy u;=msáka fmfkk foa blaujd hEu hgf;a" .egqï jdr®;dlrKh u.ska mj;sk wd;;Ska jeäúh yels
ckudOHfõ†hl=g jeo.;a ldr®hhla fõ' w;r" wdKavq úiska lrkq ,nk foaYmd,k yeisrùï i|yd udj;
újD; jkq we;' .egqï jdr®;dlrKh ukd jegySulsla yd
ixfõ°;dj j.lSulska l< hq;= ldr®hhls' we;eï ksfõok" isria;," PdhdrEm
wkjYH f,i cd;sh" wd.u fyda ckjdr®.slNdjh i|yka ls¯u fyda m%jD;a;s wka;r®.;h ck;djg" úfYaIfhka u iqΩ ck
iuyre kqreiakd w;r tu.ska tlaflda taldld¯ mqoa.,hska lKavdhïj,g wys;lr f,i n,mEu je<elaùu i|yd
l,amkdld¯ j isáh hq;= h'

hym;a jHjydrh i|yd m%Yak

1' Tn Tnf.a jdr®;dj b†˙m;a ls¯ug fmr" .egqug mdol jQ 6' fjk;a ckjdr®.sl m%cdjla w;r m%d:ñl f;dr;=re
i;H fya;+ka Tn we;a; jYfhka u okafka ± hs Tn imhkakka jr®Okh lr .kafka flfiao@
Tfnka u úuid n,kafka o@
7' wmrdO" m%pKav;ajh wd° we;eï m%Yak yd iïnkaO
2' Tnf.a udOH wdh;kh ksrka;r j m%jD;shl ishÆ lrñka ckjdr®.sl fyda fjk;a iqΩ ck fldgia ms<sn|j
me;slv .ek jdr®;d lrkafka o@ tfia ke;akï úYajdih iEu úg u i|yka jkafkao@ Tn úiska Tjqkag ms<s;=re
;nkafka wdKavqfõ ks, ia:djrhka flfryso@ °ug ljr úgl° fyda wjia:djla ° ;sfío@

3' flfkl=f.a ckjdr®.sl;ajh i|yka ls¯u WÑ;he hs Tn 8' Tnf.a m%ldYkfha" rEmjdysksfha fyda .=jka ú≥,s
;Ska≥ lrkafka flfiao@ úldYkd.drfha jdr®;d Tnf.a m%ldYlhdf.a"
ixialdrljrekaf.a fyda jdr®;dlrejkaf.a
4' wmrdO iïnkaOfhka jer†lrejka jQ whf.a fyda ckjdr®.sl;ajh fyda wd.u u.ska n,mEulg ,la
iellrejkaf.a ckjdr®.sl m%Njh i|yka ls¯u ms<sn| j jkafka o@
Tfí m%ldYkfha fyda úldYk kd,sldfõ m%;sm;a;sh
l=ulao@ 9' .egqïj, fhfok mqoa.,hska Tjqkaf.a wd.u fyda
ckjdr®.slNdjh fya;=fldgf.k Tjqka j tla;rd
5' wmrdOhla fyda fkdikaiqkalula w∞, wksl=;a lreKq wdlD;shlg ysr ls¯u fyda f,an,hla we,ùu Tnf.a
ms<sn| ksis m¯laIKhlska f;dr j ckjdr®.sl udOH wdh;kh lrkafka hhs Tn is;kafka o@
fkdikaiqka nj u; megùu ks;r is≥fõo@

21
iduh lrd udjf;a ° ckjdr®.sl úúO;ajh yd .egqï jdr®;dlrKh

wdrlaId iys; ckudOHfõohla i|yd jk

c' cd' i' cd;Hka;r l%shdudr®. moaO;sh
wka;rdhld¯ ;;a;ajhka hgf;a iy .egqï l,dmj, fiajfha
kshq;= ckudOHfõ°ka yd udOH ldr®huKav, uqyqKmdk wk;=re
úia;rd;aul jdr®;djl úIh m:h fõ' miq.sh wjqreoao ;=< muKla
mqj;am;a l,dfõ°ka yd udOH ldr®huKav, idud‚lhkaf.a urK
124 la c' cd' i' úiska jdr®;d.; fldg we;'
fndfyda ckudOHfõ°ka hqo l,dm ;=< urKhg m;ajQfha;a"
;=jd, ,enqfõ;a" wvkaf;aÜgïj,g ,lajQfha;a tla mdr®Yjhl fyda
wksla mdr®Yjfha m%pKav fjä m%ydrhlg ,laùfuks' wfkla wh
l,a;nd ie,iqï l< wmrdOlrejkaf.a" ;%ia;jd°kaf.a fyda rcfha
ksfhdack wdh;k jk fmd,sish" fyda wdrlaIl yuq∞ ryfia fyda
kS;s úfrdaë f,i lrk ,o myr°ï yd ìhjeoa°ï fya;=fjks'
fndfydaúg ckudOHfõ°kag yd udOH ixúOdkj,g
wk;=rej,ska fí¯ug l< yels foa b;d w,am h' wdrlaIdj
ie,iSug fld;rï wjOdkh fhduq lrkq ,enqj o wksjdr®hfhka u
1
1' ckudOHfõ°ka iy wksl=;a udOH ldr®h uKav,
wk;=re is≥fõ'
idud‚lhska i|yd" Tjqkag mejfrk ishÆ ldr®hhka bgq
flfia fj;;a ;u ldr®huKav,hg we;s wj∞ku wju
ls¯u i|yd wjYH foa ,nd†h hq;= h' fuhg m%:udOdr
lr.ekSu i|yd ckudOHfõ°ka yd udOH ixúOdk úiska .;hq;=
øjH" ikaksfõok fuj,ï" wjYH m˙† m%jdyk myiqlï
mshjrhka lSmhla fõ' úfYaIfhka" fuys my; ±lafjk lreKq
iy wjYH wjia:dj,° wdrlaIs; we∫ï me<∫ï wh;a fõ'
wdrlaIdj ie,iSu iïnkaOfhka jeo.;a fõ'

2
m%udKj;a iQ∞ku" mqyqKqj yd iudc wdrlaIKh wiSre wjia:d 2' Nhdkl ;;a;ajhka mj;sk fyda tjeks ;;a;ajhka we;s
mek ke.=K úg ckudOHfõ°ka yd udOH ldr®huKav, iQ∞kï fõ hhs idOdrKj Wml,amkh l< yels m%foaYj, ldr®h
;;a;ajhl isàu w;HjYH h' mqoa.,hska g fi!LH myiqlï yd mej¯ula mekùug bv we;s ckudOHfõ°kag yd udOH
iudc wdrlaIKh imhk jev ms<sfj<la ;sìh hq;= h' ldr®h uKav, idud‚lhskag udOH ixúOdk úiska fyda
udOH jD;a;slhska ±kqj;a ù isáh hq;= w;r" ldr®h idOkfha iq≥iqhhs yefÛk wjia:dj,° rdcH n,Od¯ka úiska
ksr; ù isák foaYmd,k" fN!;sl yd iudc m˙irh flfrys fyda wjodkï wjia:dj, ±kqj;a ùfï mqyqKqjla ,nd †h
±kqula ,nd .; hq;= h' fkd ±kqj;alñka fyda fkd hq;= h'
ie,ls,su;alñka Tjqka wúksYaÑ; yd wj∞kï ;;ajhg ∞hl úh
3' uyck n,Od¯ka Tjqkaf.a fiajl ms˙ig mqj;am;a
hq;= ke;'
jd◊cH jdis ;ld wj∞kï ±¯fuka udOH wdh;k wdrlaId 3 l,dfõ°kaf.a whs;sjdislïj,g .re lrk f,i ±kaúh
hq;= w;r" ckudOHfõ°ka fyda udOH ldr®h uKav,
úh hq;= h' wka;rdhld¯ úh yels ;;a;ajhla mj;sk úg
idud‚lhska fyda Tjqkaf.a ldr®hidOk lghq;=j,
ckudOHfõ°ka w;r iyfhda.h jr®Okh l< hq;= h'
kshef,ñka isáh° Tjqkaf.a Yd¯˙l mQr®K;ajh (Physical
ckudOHfõohg we;s ndOlhka wdKavq úiska bj;a l< hq;= h'
Integrity) .re lrk f,i Wmfoia †h hq;= h'
wkjYH f,i ckudOHfõ°kaf.a ksoyia ixp,khg Tjqka úiska
iSud mekúh hq;= fkdfõ' tfuka u" f;dr;=re tl;= ls¯u"
4
4' idudkHfhka fiajh lrk ia:dkfhka ndysrj rdcld˙fha
ksIamdokh ls¯u yd fn∞ye¯u wdrlaIs; yd ksremøs; ;;a;ajhka ksr; jk ishÆu fokd yg
hgf;a ls¯u i|yd m%jD;a;s udOHhg we;s whs;shg ndOd meñKúh udOH ixúOdk úiska „ú; rlaIKh we;=Ω iudc
hq;= fkdfõ' wdrlaIdj ie,lsh hq;= h'
uyckhd udOHhg weÛs,s .eish hq;= ke;' rEm má.; ls¯ula
5' idudkHfhka fiajh lrk ia:dkfhka ndysrj jev
fyda fjk;a ckudOHhg w∞< lghq;= j,g wjysr ls¯ï ;ykï
l< hq;= h' 5 lghq;= lrk w;r;=r ;=jd,ùï yd
wikSm ùï j,g f.d≥re jQ mqj;am;a l,dfõ°kag iy
fïjd is;a ys ordf.k" ckudOHfõ°kaf.a lKavdhïj,g"
udOH fiajlhskag" Wm igyka yd iïmQr®K mqj;a ,nk
udOH ixúOdkj,g yd w∞< ishÆ u uyck n,Od¯kag my; ld,fha ms˙jeh o we;=Ωj ffjoH m%;sldr iy Yd¯r;d
±lafjk lreKq flfrys .re lrk f,i c' cd' i' wdrdOkd fi!LHh fkdñf,a udOH wdh;k úiska ,nd †h hq;= h'
lrhs'

6
6' udOH wdh;k úiska ksoyia udOHfõ°ka iy wr®O ld,Sk
fiajlhska wdrlaId l< hq;= h' iudk mokula hgf;a"
mQr®K ld,Sk fiajfha fhfok fiajl uKav,hg ,nd
fok iudc wdrlaIKh" mqyqKqjg we;s wjia:d iy
fuj,ï Tjqkago ,nd †h hq;= h'

22
 iduh lrd udjf;a ° ckjdr®.sl úúO;ajh yd .egqï jdr®;dlrKh

m%fhdackj;a uQ,dY% iy wdYs%; .%ka: f,aLkh

ls%ia fycia" ksõfhdar®la .%ka: iudf,dapkh ( hqoaOh .ek tlai;a ckmofhys mj;ajdf.k hkq ,nk fmdhskagr®
wdh;kh mqyqKqj u.ska iajdëk mqj;a m;a l,dfõ w.h
ls%ia fycia ( hqoaOh hkq wmg wr®:hla f.k fok by< kexùug lghq;= lrhs' tys iïm;a .yK fjí wvúh'
n,fõ.hls' wekalr® fmd;a 2002 www.pointer.org

ksƵr® o fu,a ( m%isoaO fkdl< ,smsh - 2005 tlai;a rdcOdksfha msysgd we;s z˙fmdar®áx o jr®,aâZ wdh;kh
.egqï yd cd;Hka;r mqj;a iïnkaOfhka u;=jk ksfhdack
fn%kaÜ lksxyï ( fld,ïìhd" mqj;am;a l,d iudf,dapkh yd j.lSu ms<sn| .egÆ .ek mqj;am;a l,dfõ°ka iy
wksl=;a wh w;r fkdkj;sk ixjdohla mj;ajdf.k hEug
.egqïlrKh iïnkaOfhka jdr®;d lrk mqj;a m;a W;aidy orhs' www. reportingtheworld.org.uk
l,dfõ°kag m%fhdackj;a úh yels iïm;a we;s ixúOdk
rdYshls' tajd w;r" fvkaudr®la ys msysgd we;s cd;Hka;r udOH iyfhda.s;ajh
.egqï mj;sk yd we;sùug bv we;s m%foaYj,
udOH úúO;aj wdh;kh ,kavkfha msysgd we;s w;r" m%cd;ka;%jdoh f.dvke.Su i|yd wdOdr iy wkqn, °ug
wdr®fïkshd" wir®nhscdka iy fcdar®‚hdys ldr®hd, lem jQ ixúOdkhls' www. i-m-s.dk
msysgqjd ;sfí' ud' ú' wd' udOH ixúOdk" mqj;am;a lekvdfõ msysgqjd we;s udOHh" m%;sm;a;s iy isú,a iudch
l,dfõ°ka" mqqj;a l,dj W.kajkakka" wdKavqfõ fkdjk i|yd jk wdh;kh" mqKH wdh;khla jk w;r j.lSulska
ixúOdk iy wdKavq iu. úúO;aj iïnkaO m%Yak hq;a myiqfjka m%fõY úh yels udOHhkg iy
flfryss idOdrK" ixfõ° yd ksrjoH wdjrKhka i|yd m%cd;ka;%jdoh jeä †hqKq lrkakd jQ wdKavq m%;sm;a;sj,g
lghq;= lrhs' www.media.diversity.org wdOdr lrkq ,efí' www. impacs.org
hqoaOh yd iduh jdr®;dlrK wdh;kh ,kavkays msysgd we;s fld<U msysgd we;s úl,am m%;sm;a;s flakaøh" tys m%Odk
w;r" .sksfldK hqfrdamfha iy wdishdfõ ldr®hd, wruqK f,i ±lafjkafka .egqï ksrdlrKh i|yd
mj;ajdf.k hkq ,nhs' iunr yd ksrjoH jdr®;dlrKh m%pKavld˙ fkdjk úl,am m%;sm;a;s fjkqfjka fmkS isák
i|yd foaYSh mqj;a m;a l,dfõ°kaf.a yelshdj jeä †hqKq iy tu m%;sm;a;s jHdma; ls¯fuys ksr; úu hs' m%Odk
ls¯u u.ska .egqïj,ska úm;g m;a m%foaYj, foaYSh mqj;a iólaIK jev fldgila bgq lrk fuu ixúOdkh ksrjoH"
m;a l,dj Yla;su;a ls¯u fuu ixúOdkfha wruqKhs' úYajikSh yd mQr®j úksYaphkaf.ka f;dr jdr®;dlrKh
www.iwpr.net †˙.kajhs' www. cpalanka. org

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iduh lrd udjf;a ° ckjdr®.sl úúO;ajh yd .egqï jdr®;dlrKh

International Federation IFJ South EastAsia Office IFJAfrica

of Journalists 17, Boulevard de la R publique,
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President: Christopher
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