Practical Lab Report
Practical Lab Report
CHEMISTRY
(RATE OF REACTION EFFECT OF CONCENTRATION)
To experimentally determine how the concentration of the reactants affect the rates of
reactions.
To understand the relationship between the concentration of reactants and the time taken
for X to disappear.
Introduction
The reaction rate change in concentration of the reactants or product per unit time. The
factors that influence the rate of reaction are the temperature, pressure, catalyst, size of
particle and the concentrations of reactants.
The purpose of this lab practical is to investigate the effect of sodium thiosulphate
concentration on the rate of reaction of sodium thiosulphate with hydrochloric acid. The
reaction, which produces solid sulphur, will be followed by measuring the time needed for
the reaction mixture to be opaque or time taken for mark “X” to disappeared. The results
will be analysed graphically to determine the order of reaction-the mathematical
relationship between the reactant concentration and the rate.
Concepts
Apparatus
Chemical reagents
Safety Precautions
Hydrochloric acid solution is corrosive to eyes and skin. It is moderately toxic by ingestion
and inhalation. Sodium thiosulphate solution is a body tissue irritant. The reaction of sodium
thiosulphate and hydrochloric acid generates sulphur dioxide gas, which is a skin and eye
irritant. Perform this experiment in a well-ventilated lab only. Avoid contact of all chemicals
with eye and skin. Wear chemical splash goggles, temperature-resistant gloves, and
chemical-resistant apron(option).
Procedure
Beaker 1 2 3 4 5
Concentration 0.30 M 0.25M 0.20M 0.15M 0.10M
of sodium
thiosulphate
Na2S2O3
Volume of 50ml 50ml 50ml 50ml 50ml
solution
mixture with
distilled
water(ml)
4. Make sure calculate the amount of distilled water needed to add to the sodium
thiosulphate solution, Na2S2O3to make sure the solution constant volume of 50ml by using
formula:
M1V1=M2V2
5. Starting with conical flask 1, carefully add the 10ml,0.1M of hydrochloric acid solution HCl
to the 50ml,0.3M of sodium thiosulphate solution Na 2S2O3 into the conical flask 1. Swirl the
mixture solution once and immediately start timing using stopwatch.
6. Stop timing or the stopwatch when the “X” mark on the filter paper is no longer visible or
disappeared. Record the reaction time in seconds in the data table.
7. Repeat step 4-6 with conical flask 2 to 5 by using different concentration of Na 2S2O3
solution and distilled water and constant volume of 50ml.
8. Record the following information in a data record table: Conical flask, Volume of Na 2S2O3
solution, volume of distilled water added, Concentration of sodium thiosulphate solution
Na2S2O3, Time taken to be the “X” mark disappeared. And the 1/reaction time (reaction
rate).
9. Plot the graph 1/reaction time and concentration of sodium thiosulphate solution,
Na2S2O3.
Discussion
Sodium thiosulphate reacts with hydrochloric acid solution to form sulphur dioxide
(Equation1)
The kinetic of the reaction can be analysed by graphing the concentration of Na2S2O3 as a
function of both reaction time and 1/time. A plot of concentration versus time gives a
curved line, which levels off as it approaches the x-axis-the reaction slows down as the
reactant concentration decreases. The rate of reaction is inversely proportional to the
reaction time. A plot of down as the reactant concentration decreases. The rate of reaction
is inversely proportional to reaction time. A plot of down as the reaction concentration
decreases. The rate of reaction is inversely proportional to the reaction time. A plot of
concentration or versus 1/reaction time gives a straight line. The rate is directly proportional
to concentration, and the reaction appears to be first order with respect to sodium
thiosulphate concentration.
Conclusion