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Edexcel IAL P2 Exercise 7A (Solution)

The document provides examples and explanations of determining whether functions are increasing or decreasing over different intervals based on analyzing the derivative. It examines several functions through calculating the derivative, determining where it is positive or negative, and establishing the intervals over which the original function is increasing or decreasing as a result.

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Kaif Hasan
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53 views

Edexcel IAL P2 Exercise 7A (Solution)

The document provides examples and explanations of determining whether functions are increasing or decreasing over different intervals based on analyzing the derivative. It examines several functions through calculating the derivative, determining where it is positive or negative, and establishing the intervals over which the original function is increasing or decreasing as a result.

Uploaded by

Kaif Hasan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Exercise 7A

1 a f(x) = 3x2 + 8x + 2 1 f f(x) = 5x3 + 12x


f ′(x) = 6x + 8 f ′(x) = 15x2 + 12
If f ′(x) ≥ 0 then If f ′(x) ≥ 0 then
6x + 8 0 15x2 + 12 ≥ 0
6 x ≥ −8 This is true for all real values of x.
x − 43 So f(x) is increasing for x ∈  .
So f(x) is increasing for x ≥ − 43 .
g f(x) = x4 + 2x2
f ′(x) = 4x3 + 4x
b f(x) = 4x − 3x2
If f ′(x) ≥ 0 then
f ′(x) = 4 − 6x
4x3 + 4x ≥ 0
If f ′(x) ≥ 0 then 4x(x2 + 1) ≥ 0
4 − 6x ≥ 0 x≥0
4 ≥ 6x So f(x) is increasing for x ≥ 0.
x ≤ 64
x ≤ 23 h f(x) = x4 − 8x3
So f(x) is increasing for x ≤ 23 . f ′(x) = 4x3 − 24x2
If f ′(x) ≥ 0 then
c f(x) = 5 − 8x − 2x2 4x3 − 24x2 ≥ 0
4x2(x − 6) ≥ 0
f ′(x) = −8 − 4x
x≥6
If f ′(x) ≥ 0 then
So f(x) is increasing for x ≥ 6.
−8 – 4x ≥ 0
−8 ≥ 4x
2 a f(x) = x2 − 9x
x ≤ −2
f ′(x) = 2x − 9
So f(x) is increasing for x ≤ −2.
If f ′(x) ≤ 0 then
d f(x) = 2x3 − 15x2 + 36x 2x – 9 ≤ 0
2x ≤ 9
f ′(x) = 6x2 − 30x + 36
x ≤ 92
If f ′(x) ≥ 0 then
6x2 − 30x + 36 ≥ 0 So f(x) is decreasing for x ≤ 9
2 .
6(x2 − 5x + 6) ≥ 0
6(x − 2)(x − 3) ≥ 0 b f(x) = 5x − x2
Considering the 3 regions: f ′(x) = 5 − 2x
x≤2 2≤x≤3 x≥3 If f ′(x) ≤ 0 then
6(x − 2)(x − 3) +ve −ve +ve 5 − 2x ≤ 0
So x ≤ 2 or x ≥ 3 2x ≥ 5
So f(x) is increasing for x ≤ 2 and x ≥ 3. x ≥ 52
e f(x) = 3 + 3x − 3x2 + x3 So f(x) is decreasing for x ≥ 5
2 .
f ′(x) = 3 − 6x + 3x2
If f ′(x) ≥ 0 then c f(x) = 4 − 2x − x2
3 − 6x + 3x2 ≥ 0 f ′(x) = −2 − 2x
3(1 − 2x +x2) ≥ 0 If f ′(x) ≤ 0 then
3(1 − x)2 ≥ 0 −2 − 2x ≤ 0
So f(x) is increasing for x ∈  . 2x ≥ −2
x ≥ −1
So f(x) is decreasing for x ≥ −1.

© Pearson Education Ltd 2019. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. 1
2 d f(x) = 2x3 − 3x2 − 12x 2 h f(x) = x2(x + 3)
f ′(x) = 6x2 − 6x − 12 = x3 + 3x2
If f ′(x) ≤ 0 then f ′(x) = 3x2 + 6x
6x2 − 6x − 12 ≤ 0 If f ′(x) ≤ 0 then
6(x2 − x − 2) ≤ 0 3x2 + 6x ≤ 0
6(x − 2)(x + 1) ≤ 0 3x(x + 2) ≤ 0
Considering the 3 regions: Considering the 3 regions:
x ≤ −1 −1 ≤ x ≤ 2 x≥2 x ≤ −2 −2 ≤ x ≤ 0 x≥0
6(x − 2)(x + 1) +ve −ve +ve 3x(x + 2) +ve −ve +ve
So −1 ≤ x ≤ 2 So f(x) is decreasing on the interval
So f(x) is decreasing on the interval [−2, 0].
[−1, 2].
3 f(x) = 4 − x(2x2 + 3) = 4 − 2x3 − 3x
3
e f(x) = 1 − 27x + x f ′(x) = −6x2 − 3
f ′(x) = −27 + 3x2 x2 ≥ 0 for all x ∈  , so −6x2 − 3 ≤ 0 for all
If f ′(x) ≤ 0 then x ∈ .
−27 + 3x2 ≤ 0 Therefore, f(x) is decreasing for all x ∈  .
3x2 ≤ 27
x2 ≤ 9 4 a f(x) = x2 + px
−3 ≤ x ≤ 3 f ′(x) = 2x + p ≥ 0 when −1 ≤ x ≤ 1
So f(x) is decreasing on the interval When x = −1, f ′(x) = −2 + p ≥ 0, so p ≥ 2
[−3, 3]. So for f ′(x) ≥ 0, p ≥ 2 e.g. p = 3
When x = 1, f ′(x) = 2 + p ≥ 0, so p ≥ −2
f f(x) = x + 25 x −1 However, p ≥ 2 to work with x = −1.
25
f ′(x) = 1 − 2
x b Using the proof from part a, any value
If f ′(x) ≤ 0 then p ≥ 2 will work.
25
1− 2 ≤ 0
x
25
1≤ 2
x
x2 ≤ 25
−5 ≤ x ≤ 5
f(x) is not defined for x = 0.
So f(x) is decreasing on the intervals
[−5, 0) and (0, 5].

1 1
−
g f(x) = x 2 + 9 x 2
1 3
f ′(x) = 12 x − 2 − 9 × 12 x − 2
If f ′(x) ≤ 0 then
1 −2
1 −3
2 x − 9 × 12 x 2 ≤ 0
− 12 − 23
1
2 x − 92 x ≤ 0
− 32
x
( x − 9) ≤ 0
2
f(x) is defined for x > 0.
f'(x) ≤ 0 for x ≤ 9, so f(x) is decreasing on
the interval (0, 9].

© Pearson Education Ltd 2019. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free.
2

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