Chapter review 7

3
48
( x > 0) 3 a f ′(x) = x 2 − 2 + 12 ( x > 0)
1 a y=
x + 2
x
x
dy 3 12 48 f ″(x) = 2x − 23
= x − 2 x
dx 2 x When x = 4, f ″(x) = 8 − 2
Putting dy = 0: 64
dx = 7 31
3 12 48 32
x = 2
2 x
5 b For an increasing function, f ′(x) ≥ 0
x = 32
2 1
≥0
x2 − 2 +
x=4 x2
3
48  1
2

y x +
Substituting x = 4 into = 2
gives: x −  ≥ 0
x  x
y = 8 + 12 = 20 This is true for all x, except x = 1 (where
So x = 4 and y = 20 when dy = 0. f ′(1) = 0).
dx So the function is an increasing function.

d 2 y 3 − 12 96 4 y = x3 − 6x2 + 9x
b = x + 3 dy
dx 2 4 x = 3x2 − 12x + 9
2
dx
d y 3 96 15 Putting 3x2 − 12x + 9 = 0
When x = 4, = + = >0
dx 2 8 64 8 3(x2 − 4x + 3) = 0
∴ minimum 3(x − 1)(x − 3) = 0
So x = 1 or x = 3
2 y = x3 − 5x2 + 7x − 14 So there are stationary points when x = 1
dy and x = 3.
= 3x2 − 10x + 7
dx d2 y
Putting 3x2 − 10x + 7 = 0 = 6x − 12
dx 2
(3x − 7)(x − 1) = 0
d2 y
So x = 7 or x = 1 When x = 1, 2 = 6 − 12 = −6 < 0, so
3 dx
maximum point
When x = 7 ,
3 d2 y
3 2 When x = 3, 2 = 18 − 12 = 6 > 0, so
7 7 7 dx
y =   − 5   + 7   − 14
3 3 3 minimum point
When x = 1, y = 1 − 6 + 9 = 4
= − 329
27
So (1, 4) is a maximum point.
y = −12 5
27
When x =1,
y = 13 − 5(1)2 + 7(1) − 14
= −11
So ( 3 , − 12 275 ) and (1, −11) are stationary
7

points.

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1
5 a f(x) = 3x4 − 8x3 − 6x2 + 24x + 20 6 b At the maximum point, B, f ′(x) = 0
f ′(x) = 12x3 − 24x2 − 12x + 24 250
− 2x = 0
= 12(x3 − 2x2 − x + 2) x2
= 12(x − 1)(x2 − x − 2) 250
= 2x
= 12(x − 1)(x − 2)(x + 1) x2
So x = 1, x = 2 or x = −1 250 = 2x3
f(1) = 3 − 8 − 6 + 24 + 20 x3 = 125
= 33 x=5
f(2) = 3(2)4 − 8(2)3 − 6(2)2 + 24(2) + 20
When x = 5, y = f(5) = 200 − 250 − 52
= 28 5
f(−1) = 3 + 8 − 6 − 24 + 20 = 125
=1 The coordinates of B are (5, 125).
So (1, 33), (2, 28) and (−1, 1) are stationary
points.  1 
2
f ″(x) = 36x2 − 48x − 12 7 a P has coordinates m,  x, 5 − x  .
 2 
f ″(1) = 36 − 48 − 12 = −24 < 0, so
2
maximum 1
OP = (x − 0) +  5 − x 2 − 0 
2 2
f ″(2) = 36(2)2 − 48(2) − 12 = 36 > 0, so  2 
minimum
= x2 + 25 − 5x2 + 1 x4
f ″(−1), y = 36 + 48 − 12 = 72 > 0, so 4
minimum
So (1, 33) is a maximum point and (2, 28) = 1 x4 − 4x2 + 25
4
and (−1, 1) are minimum points.

b b Given f(x) = 1 x4 − 4x2 + 25

4
3
f ′(x) = x − 8x
 

When f ′(x) = 0,
x3 − 8x = 0
x(x2 − 8) = 0
x = 0 or x2 = 8
x = 0 or x = ± 2 2

c f ″(x) = 3x2 − 8
When x = 0, f ″(x) = −8 < 0, so maximum
When x2 = 8, f ″(x) = 3 × 8 − 8 = 16 > 0, so
minimum
6 a f(x) = 200 − 250 − x 2
x Substituting x2 = 8 into f(x):
250
f ′(x) = 2 − 2x
  OP2 = 1 × 82 − 4 × 8 + 25 = 9
x 4
So OP = 3 when x = ± 2 2

8 a y = 3 + 5x + x2 − x3
Let y = 0, then
3 + 5x + x2 − x3 = 0
(3 − x)(1 + 2x + x2) = 0
(3 − x)(1 + x)2 = 0
x = 3 or x = −1 when y = 0
The curve touches the x-axis at x = −1 (A)
and cuts the axis at x = 3 (C).
C has coordinates (3, 0)

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8 b dy = 5 + 2x − 3x2 10 V = π(40r − r2 − r3)
dx dV
= 40π − 2πr − 3πr2
Putting dy = 0 dr
dx Putting dV = 0
5 + 2x − 3x2 = 0 dr
(5 − 3x)(1 + x) = 0 π(40 − 2r − 3r2) = 0
So x = 5 or x = −1 (4 + r)(10 − 3r) = 0
3 r = 10 or r = − 4
When x = 5 , 3
3 As r is positive, r = 10
5 5
2
5 13
3 3
y = 3 + 5   +   −   =
9 Substituting into the given expression for V:
3 3 3 27
 10 100 1000  2300
So B is ( 3 , 9 27 ) .
5 13
V = π  40 × − − = π
 3 9 27  27
When x = −1, y = 0
So A is (−1, 0).
11 A = 2πx2 + 2000 = 2πx2 + 2000x−1
x
9
dA
x y = f(x) = 4πx − 2000x−2 = 4πx − 2000
y = f ′(x) dx x2
0 < x < 0.5 Positive Above x-axis Putting dA = 0
gradient dx
2000
x = 0.5 Maximum Cuts x-axis 4πx = 2
x
0.5 < x <1.2 Negative Below x-axis 2000
gradient
3
x = = 500
4π π
x = 1.2 Minimum Cuts x-axis
1.2 < x < 2.1 Positive Above x-axis 12 a The total length of wire is
gradient  πx 
2y + x + m
x = 2.1 Maximum Cuts x-axis  2
x > 2.1 Negative Below x-axis
As total length is 2 m,
gradient with asymptote  π
2 y + x 1 +  = 2
at  2
y=0 1  π
y = 1− x 1 + 
2  2

2
1 x
b Area, R = xy + π  
2 2
1  π
Substituting y = 1 −x 1 +  gives:
2  2
 1 π  π 2
R = x 1 − x − x  + x
 2 4  8
= x (8 − 4x − 2πx + πx)
8
= x (8 − 4x − πx)
8

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3
12 c For maximum R, dR = 0 13 b dV = π(40 − 2x − 3x2)
dx dx
1 2 π 2
R=x− x − x Putting dV = 0
2 8 dx
dR
=1−x− πx 40 − 2x − 3x2 = 0
dx 4 (10 − 3x)(4 + x) = 0
Putting dR
=0 So x = 10 or x = − 4
dx 3
x= 1 But x is positive, so x = 10
π 3
1+
4
= 4 d 2V
4+π c = π(−2 − 6x)
dx 2
Substituting x = 4 into R: 2
4+π 10 d V
When x = , 2 = π(−2 − 20) < 0
1  16 4π  3 dx
=R 8 − −  So V is a maximum.
2 ( 4 + π)  4+π 4+π
1 32 + 8π − 16 − 4π
R= ×  10  10   10  
2 3

2 ( 4 + π) 4+π d V = π  40 × −   −   
 3 3 3 
1 16 + 4π
= ×
2 ( 4 + π) 4 + π  400 100 1000 
= π − − 
 3 9 27 
4 ( 4 + π)
= 2300
2 ( 4 + π)
2 = π
27
2
= e Lid has surface area πx2 + 2πx
4+π
When x = 10 ,
13 a Let the height of the tin be h cm. 3
The area of the curved surface of the  100 20  160
this is π  +  =π
tin = 2πxh cm2  9 3  9
The area of the base of the tin = πx2 cm2
The area of the curved surface of the Percentage of total surface area =
lid = 2πx cm2 π
160
200
The area of the top of the lid = πx2 cm2 9
× 100 = = 22.2...%
80π 9
Total area of sheet metal is 80π cm2.
So 2πx2 + 2πx + 2πxh = 80π
40 − x − x 2
h=
x
The volume, V, of the tin is given by
V = πx2h
πx 2 ( 40 − x − x 2 )
=
x
= π(40x − x2 − x3)

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4
14 a Let the equal sides of ∆ADE be a metres. 16 000 2
14 c dS = x − 2
dx x
Putting dS = 0
dx
16 000 2
x=
x2
x3 = 16 000 2
x = 20 2 = 28.28 (4 s.f.)
When x = 20 2 ,
S = 400 + 800 = 1200
Using Pythagoras’ theorem,
a2 + a2 = x2
2a2 = x2
d2S 32 000 2
d 2 =1+
x2 dx x3
2
a = d2S
2 When x = 20 2 , 2 = 3 > 0, so value is
dx
Area of ∆ADE = 1 × base × height
2 a minimum.
1
= ×a×a
2
Challenge
x2
= m2 a Any constant function of the form y = k,
4
where k is any real number
b Area of two triangular ends
b For example, f(x) = x for 0 < x < 1, f(x) = –x
x2 x2 for 1 < x < 2 or any suitably defined piecewise
=2× =
4 2 function.
Let the length AB = CD = y metres
  1 
Area of two rectangular sides c For example
= f ( x) tan  π  x −   or the
  2 
x2 piecewise function f(x) = x for 0 < x < 1, and 0
= 2 × ay = 2ay = 2 y
2 otherwise, or any other suitably defined
x2 x2 x2 piecewise function.
So S = +2 y = + xy 2
2 2 2 d For example the piecewise function f(x) = x if
But capacity of storage tank = 1 x2 × y x is rational and −x if x is irrational.
4 Note that even though this function is not
So 1 x2y = 4000 differentiable, f(x) is increasing in value as x
4 increases for the rational values of x and f(x) is
y = 16 000
2
decreasing in value as x increases for the
x irrational values of x
Substituting for y in equation for S gives:
x 2 16 000 2
S= +
2 x

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5