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Fundamental Concepts: Space Time Mass

This document discusses fundamental concepts in Newtonian mechanics including space, time, mass, and force. It outlines Newton's three laws of motion and the law of universal gravitation. It also discusses systems of units, defining the international system of units (SI) and U.S. customary units, and provides examples of converting between units.

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Shahood Mustafa
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118 views

Fundamental Concepts: Space Time Mass

This document discusses fundamental concepts in Newtonian mechanics including space, time, mass, and force. It outlines Newton's three laws of motion and the law of universal gravitation. It also discusses systems of units, defining the international system of units (SI) and U.S. customary units, and provides examples of converting between units.

Uploaded by

Shahood Mustafa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Fundamental Concepts

SPACE - associated with the notion of the position of a point P given in


terms of three coordinates measured from a reference point or origin.
TIME - definition of an event requires specification of the time and
position at which it occurred.
MASS - used to characterize and compare bodies, e.g., response to
earth’s gravitational attraction and resistance to changes in
translational motion.
FORCE - represents the action of one body on another. A force is
characterized by its point of application, magnitude, and direction,
i.e., a force is a vector quantity.
In Newtonian Mechanics, space, time, and mass are
absolute concepts, independent of each other.
Force, however, is not independent of the other
three. The force acting on a body is related to the
mass of the body and the variation of its velocity
with time.
Fundamental Principles
• Newton’s First Law: If the resultant force on a
particle is zero, the particle will remain at rest or
continue to move in a straight line.
• Newton’s Second Law: A particle will have an
acceleration proportional to a nonzero resultant
applied force.
 
• Parallelogram Law
F = ma
• Newton’s Third Law: The forces of action and
reaction between two particles have the same
magnitude and line of action with opposite sense.

• Newton’s Law of Gravitation: Two particles are


attracted with equal and opposite forces,
• Principle of Transmissibility Mm GM
F =G W = mg , g=
r2 R2
Systems of Units • International System of Units (SI):
The basic units are length, time, and mass which are
• Kinetic Units: length, time, mass, arbitrarily defined as the meter (m), second (s), and
and force. kilogram (kg). Force is the derived unit,

• Three of the kinetic units, referred to


as basic units, may be defined F = ma
arbitrarily.  m
1 N = (1 kg )1 2 
• The fourth unit, referred to as a  s 
derived unit, must have a definition
compatible with Newton’s 2nd Law, • U.S. Customary Units:
  The basic units are length, time, and force which are
F = ma arbitrarily defined as the foot (ft), second (s), and
Conversion of Units pound (lb). Mass is the derived unit,

FPS SI F
m=
Force1 lb = 4.4482 N a
Mass 1 slug = 14.5938 kg 1 lb
1 slug =
Length1 ft = 0.3048 m 1 ft s 2
Example 1.1 :
Convert 2 km/h to m/s How many ft/s is this?
Example 1.2 :
Convert the quantities 300 lb . s and 52 slug/ft3 to appropriate SI units

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