SOLUTION PRACTICE ANSWERS

1. 150 mL of a 2.5 M magnesium nitrate is mixed with 230 mL of 1.3 M sodium phosphate. How many grams of precipitate will be
formed? What is the concentration of each ion remaining in solution after the reaction?
3Mg(NO3)2 + 2 Na3PO4  Mg3(PO4)2 + 6NaNO3
0.375 mol Mg(NO3)2 is limiting reactant which will produce 0.125 mol Mg3(PO4)2 = 32.75 g

0.375 mol Mg(NO3)2 = 0.375 mol Mg+2 - 0.375 moles that went into precipitate = 0 Mg+2 remaining
0.375 mol Mg(NO3)2 = 0.75 mol NO3-1 - 0 moles that went into precipitate = 0.75 moles NO3-1 remaining
0.299 mol Na3PO4 = 0.897 mol Na+1 - 0 moles that went into precipitate = 0.897 moles Na+1 remaining
0.299 mol Na3PO4 = 0. 299 mol PO4-3 - 2(.125) moles that went into precipitate = 0.049 mol PO4-3 remaining

Total volume = 230 mL + 150 mL = 380 mL = 0.38L

2. When 70. milliliters of 3.0-molar Na2CO3 is added to 30. milliliters of 1.0-molar NaHCO3 the resulting concentration of Na+ is…
(A) 2.0 M (B) 2.4 M (C) 4.0 M (D) 4.5 M (E) 7.0 M

3. A student wishes to prepare 2.00 liters of 0.100-molar KIO3 (molecular weight 214). The proper procedure is to weigh out…
(A) 42.8 grams of KIO3 and add 2.00 kilograms of H2O
(B) 42.8 grams of KIO3 and add H2O until the final homogeneous solution has a volume of 2.00 liters
(C) 21.4 grams of KIO3 and add H2O until the final homogeneous solution has a volume of 2.00 liters
(D) 42.8 grams of KIO3 and add 2.00 liters of H2O
(E) 21.4 grams fo KIO3 and add 2.00 liters of H2O

4. A 20.0-milliliter sample of 0.200-molar K2CO3 solution is added to 30.0 milliliters of 0.400-molar Ba(NO3)2 solution. Barium
carbonate precipitates. The concentration of barium ion, Ba 2+, in solution after reaction is…
(A) 0.150 M (B) 0.160 M (C) 0.200 M (D) 0.240 M (E) 0.267 M

5. The weight of H2SO4 (molecular weight 98.1) in 50.0 milliliters of a 6.00-molar solution is…
(A) 3.10 grams (B) 12.0 grams (C) 29.4 grams (D) 294 grams (E) 300. Grams

6. How many milliliters of 11.6-molar HCl must be diluted to obtain 1.0 liter of 3.0-molar HCl?
(A) 3.9 mL (B) 35 mL (C) 260 mL (D) 1,000 mL (E) 3,900 mL

7. Which of the following does NOT behave as an electrolyte when it is dissolved in water?
(A) CH3OH (B) K2CO3 (C) NH4Br (D) HI (E) Sodium acetate, CH 3COONa

8. How many moles of solid Ba(NO3)2 should be added to 300. milliliters of 0.20-molar Fe(NO3)3 to increase the concentration of the
NO3− ion to 1.0-molar? (Assume that the volume of the solution remains constant.)
(A) 0.060 mole (B) 0.12 mole (C) 0.24 mole (D) 0.30 mole (E) 0.40 mole

9. Which of the following has the lowest conductivity?

10. A 1.0 L sample of an aqueous solution contains 0.10 mol of NaCl and 0.10 mol of CaCl 2. What is the minimum number of moles of
AgNO3 that must be added to the solution in order to precipitate all of the Cl − as AgCl(s) ? (Assume that AgCl is insoluble.)
(A) 0.10 mol (B) 0.20 mol (C) 0.30 mol (D) 0.40 mol (E) 0.60 mol

11. A 40.0 mL sample of 0.25 M KOH is added to 60.0 mL of 0.15 M Ba(OH) 2. What is the molar concentration of OH−(aq) in the
resulting solution? (Assume that the volumes are additive.)
(A) 0.10 M (B) 0.19 M (C) 0.28 M (D) 0.40 M (E) 0.55 M
12. The volume of distilled water that should be added to 10.0 mL of 6.00 M HCl (aq) in order to prepare a 0.500 M HCl(aq) solution is
approximately…
(A) 50.0 mL (B) 60.0 mL (C) 100. mL (D) 110. mL (E) 120. mL

13. Approximately what mass of CuSO4·5H2O (250 g mol-1) is required to prepare 250 mL of 0.10 M copper (II) sulfate solution?
(A) 4.0 g (B) 6.2 g (C) 34 g (D) 85 g (E) 140 g
14. What is the mole fraction of ethanol, C2H5OH, in an aqueous solution that is 46 percent ethanol by mass? (The molar mass of
C2H5OH is 46 g; the molar mass of H2O is 18 g.)
(A) 0.25 (B) 0.46 (C) 0.54 (D) 0.67 (E) 0.75

15. At 20 °C, the vapor pressure of toluene is 22 millimeters of mercury and that of benzene is 75 millimeters of mercury. An ideal
solution, equimolar in toluene and benzene, is prepared. At 20 °C, what is the mole fraction of benzene in the vapor in equilibrium
with this solution?
(A) 0.23 (B) 0.29 (C) 0.50 (D) 0.77 (E) 0.83

16. Which of the following aqueous solutions has the highest boiling point?
(A) 0.10 M potassium sulfate, K2SO4 (B) 0.10 M hydrochloric acid, HCl
(C) 0.10 M ammonium nitrate, NH4NO3 (D) 0.10 M magnesium sulfalte, MgSO4
(E) 0.20 M sucrose, C12H22O11

17. If the temperature of an aqueous solution of NaCl is increased from 20 °C to 90 °C, which of the following statements is true?
(A) The density of the solution remains unchanged. (B) The molarity of the solution remains unchanged.
(C) The molality of the solution remains unchanged. (D) The mole fraction of solute decreases.
(E) The mole fraction of solute increases.

18. A solution is made by dissolving a nonvolatile solute in pure solvent. Compared to the pure solvent, the solution…
(A) has a higher normal boiling point. (B) has a higher vapor pressure.
(C) has the same vapor pressure. (D) has a higher freezing point.
(E) is more nearly ideal.

19. Below are the three steps that take place during the dissolving process. Label each as endothermic or exothermic.
(A) Separating the solute particles Endothermic
(B) Separating the solvent particles Endothermic
(C) Interaction of solute and solvent particles Exothermic

20. Given the answer to the above, what situation would result in a net endothermic process? Net exothermic process?
Net Endothermic when lattice energy of solute > heat released from interaction of solute+solvent
Net Exothermic when lattice energy of solute < heat released from interaction of solute+solvent

21. If 200. mL of 0.60 M MgCl2(aq) is added to 400. mL of distilled water, what is the concentration of Mg2+(aq) in the resulting
solution? (Assume volume are additive.)
(A) 0.20 M (B) 0.30 M (C) 0.40 M (D) 0.60 M (E) 1.2 M

22. A 0.10 M aqueous solution of sodium sulfate, Na2SO4, is a better conductor of electricity than a 0.10 M aqueous solution of
sodium chloride, NaCl. Which of the following best explains this observation?
(A) Na2SO4 is more soluble in water than NaCl is.
(B) Na2SO4 has a higher molar mass than NaCl has.
(C) To prepare a given volume of 0.10 M solution, the mass of Na2SO4 needed is more than twice the mass of NaCl needed.
(D) More moles of ions are present in a given volume of 0.10 M Na 2SO4 than in the same volume of 0.10 M NaCl.
(E) The degree of dissociation of Na2SO4 in solution is significantly greater than that of NaCl.

23. On the basis of the solubility curves shown, the greatest percentage of which
compound can be recovered by cooling a saturated solution of that compound
from 90°C to 30°C ?
(A) NaCl (B) KNO3 (C) K2CrO4 (D) K2SO4 (E) Ce2(SO4)3