SPAJ 115 C

Restricted earth-fault and

residual earth-fault relay
User´s manual and Technical description

B
∆I
I
2
I n = 1A 5A ( I o ) f n = 50Hz I o ∆I o IRF
5
I n = 1A 5A (∆I o ) 60Hz

SPAJ 115 C
STEP 2.5
80...265V –
~ ∆I o>
U aux [%]
18...80V – In STEP
0.5 5.0

SPCJ 2C30
20
REGISTERS I o>
[%] SG1
0 0 0 0 In 1
5.0 40 2
3
1 ∆ I o /I n [ % ] 4
5
2 I o /I n [ % ] 0.6 6
3 n (∆ I o> ) SGR 7
t o>[s] 8
4 n (I o> ) 1
k 0 1
2 0.1 1.0
5 t / t o> [ % ] 3
4
5 RESET
6
7
8
0 1
∆I o> I o>
1411
1304

RS 421 Ser.No. SPCJ 2C30

1MRS 750658-MUM EN
SPAJ 115 C
Issued 1997-02-26
Modified 2002-04-22 Restricted
Version B (replaces 34 SPAJ 25 EN1)
Checked MK
Approved OL
earth-fault and
residual earth-fault relay
Data subject to change without notice

Contents Features .......................................................................................................................... 2

Application ..................................................................................................................... 2
Principle of functions ..................................................................................................... 3
Connections ................................................................................................................... 4
Configuration of output relays........................................................................................ 6
Start and operation indicators ......................................................................................... 7
Power supply and I/O module ........................................................................................ 7
Technical data (modified 2002-04) ................................................................................. 8
Current transformer requirements ................................................................................ 10
Examples of application ................................................................................................ 11
Recorded information ................................................................................................... 17
Secondary injection testing ........................................................................................... 18
Maintenance and repair ................................................................................................ 22
Exchange and spare parts .............................................................................................. 22
Ordering numbers ........................................................................................................ 22
Dimensions and mounting ........................................................................................... 23
Order information ........................................................................................................ 23

The complete manual for the combined restricted earth-fault and

residual earth-fault relay SPAJ 115 C includes the following submanuals:

Restricted earth-fault and residual earth-fault relay SPAJ 115 C 1MRS 750658-MUM EN
Combined restricted earth-fault and residual earth-fault
relay module SPCJ 2C30 1MRS 750659-MUM EN
General characteristics of C type relay modules 1MRS 750328-MUM EN

Features Sensitive restricted earth-fault protection stage Serial interface for two-way data communica-
for fast, selective earth-fault protection tion over fibre-optic bus between relay level and
superior system levels
Sensitive definite time or inverse time earth-
fault stage for back-up residual earth-fault pro- High immunity to electrical interference and
tection robust aluminium case to class IP54

Output relay functions freely configurable for Continuous self-supervision of hardware and
desired relay operations software, including auto-diagnostics

Flexible adaptation of the relay to a certain Powerful optional software support for setting,
application reading, copying and recording relay parame-
ters
Accurate settings and stable functions due to
fully digital relay design The relay is a member of the SPACOM product
family, which is compatible with PYRAMID™,
Local numerical display of setting values, meas- the coordinated protection and control concept
ured values and recorded fault values of ABB.

Application The combined restricted earth-fault and re- relay contains two energizing input circuits, that
sidual earth-fault relay SPAJ 115 C is intended is a differential earth-fault current circuit and a
to be used for the earth-fault protection of residual earth-fault current circuit.
power generators, motors and transformers. The
2
Principle of The combined restricted earth-fault and re- The start current of the restricted earth-fault
function sidual earth-fault relay SPAJ 115 C is a second- stage is set so high, that the stage cannot operate
ary relay which measures two energizing cur- on currents caused by external faults into the
rents; the differential current ∆I0 and the re- differential current circuit.
sidual current I0. When an earth-fault is de-
tected the relay operates, alarms and trips the When an earth-fault appears inside the area of
circuit breaker, according to the settings and protection, both transformers tend to feed cur-
configuration of the relay. rent into the differential current circuit and the
stage operates. To keep the resistance of the
The differential current is formed with an exter- secondary circuit as low as possible, the sum-
nal circuit, for instance the one shown in Fig. 2. ming point for the currents should be located as
close to the current transformers as possible.
The main earth-fault protection is formed by
the restricted earth-fault current stage ∆I0, which The back-up earth-fault protection is formed by
operates instantaneously, when the differential the residual current stage I0>, which can be
current exceeds the set start value of the re- given definite time or inverse time characteris-
stricted earth-fault stage. The restricted earth- tic.
fault stage operates exclusively on earth-faults
inside the area of protection. The area of protec- When the residual current exceeds the set star
tion is the area limited by the phase current value of the residual current stage I0>, the re-
transformers and the current transformer of the sidual current stage starts. After the set operate
neutral earthing circuit. The operation of the time t0> at definite time operation or the calcu-
restricted earth-fault stage on faults outside the lated operate time at inverse time operation the
area of protection is prevented with a stabilizing stage operates delivering a trip signal.
resistor, which is connected in series with the
matching transformer of the relay, see Fig. 2. When inverse time characteristic has been se-
lected four time/current curve sets according to
The operation of the restricted earth-fault stage IEC 60255 and BS 142 are available. The curve
exclusively on faults inside the area of protection sets are referred to as "Normal inverse", "Very
is based on the fact, that the impedance of a inverse", "Extremely inverse" and "Long-time
transformer decreases as the transformer is satu- inverse".
rated. The reactance of the excitation circuit of
a fully saturated transformer is zero and in these The start signal of the relay, obtainable as a
cases the impedance is composed purely of the contact function, can, for example, be used as a
resistance of the coil. Under the influence of the blocking signal for other protection relays.
stabilizing resistor in the differential current
circuit the secondary current of the non-satu- The relay is provided with one optically isolated
rated transformer is forced to flow through the control input, which can be used as a blocking
secondary circuit of the saturated transformer. input.

TRIP 1
∆ Io
INSTANTANEOUS RESTRICTED
87N
EARTH-FAULT PROTECTION STAGE
TRIP 2

Io
DEFINITE TIME OR INVERSE TIME
51N SIGNAL 1
NEUTRAL EARTH-FAULT STAGE

START 1
BLOCKING OF EITHER ONE OR BOTH
EARTH-FAULT PROTECTION STAGES

IRF

BLOCKING SERIAL COMMUNICATION PORT SERIAL I/O

Fig. 1. Protection functions of the combined restricted earth-fault and residual earth-fault relay
SPAJ 115 C. The encircled numbers refer to the ANSI (=American National Standards Institute)
number of the concerned protection function.
3
Connections
L1
L2
0 -
L3

- Ι
I
+

0
+
Rx Tx

SPA-ZC_
+ (~)
Ru Uaux
- (~)

Rs BS IRF START1 SIGNAL1 TRIP2 TRIP1

+ SERIAL
PORT
25 26 27 37 38 39 10 11 61 62 70 71 72 77 78 80 81 68 69 65 66
5A
1A
5A
1A

≅_ E D C B A

U3
+ - 1 1 1 1
SGR/1
U3
IRF SGR 2 4 7 5 8 6

∆Io> TS1
35 ms
SGB
4
5 SS2

t>,k TS2
Io>

U1 I/O
SPAJ 115 C U2

Fig. 2. Connection diagram for the combined restricted earth-fault and residual earth-fault relay
SPAJ 115 C

Uaux Auxiliary voltage

A,B,C,D,E Output relays
IRF Self-supervision signal
BS External blocking signal
SS Start signal
TS Trip signal
SGR Switchgroup for configuring trip and alarm signals
SGB Switchgroup for configuring blocking signals
TRIP_ Trip output
SIGNAL1 Signal on relay operation
START1 Start signal or signal on relay operation
U1 Combined restricted earth-fault and residual earth-fault relay
module SPCJ 2C30
U2 Power supply and I/O module SPTU 240S1 or SPTU 48S1
U3 I/O module SPTE 2E17
Rs Stabilizing resistor
Ru Voltage dependent resistor
SERIAL PORT Serial communication port
SPA-ZC_ Bus connection module
Rx/Tx Optical-fibre receiver terminal (Rx) and transmitter terminal (Tx) of
the bus connection module

4
 25 61

Serial Port
26 62

SPA
27 65

37 66

38 68

39 69

Made in Finland
80

81

77

70 78

71 10

72 11
B470703

Fig.3. Rear view of the restricted earth-fault and residual earth-fault relay SPAJ 115 C.

Specification of input and output terminals

Contacts Function

25–26 Residual current I0 (In = 5 A)

25–27 Residual current I0 (In = 1 A)
37–38 Differential current ∆I0 (In = 5 A)
37–39 Differential current ∆I0 (In = 1 A)
10-11 External blocking signal (BS)
61-62 Auxiliary power supply. When the relay is energized from a DC source the positive
pole is to be connected to terminal 61.
65-66 Operation output 1 for the ∆I0> and I0> stages (TRIP 1)
68-69 Operation output 2 for the ∆I0> and I0> stages (TRIP 2)
80-81 Signal on operation of the ∆I0> and I0> stages (SIGNAL 1)
77-78 Signal on start or operation of stage I0> (START1)
70-71-72 Self-supervision (IRF) alarm output. Under normal conditions the contact interval
70-72 is closed. When the auxiliary voltage disappears or an internal fault is
detected, the contact interval 71-72 closes.
Protective earth terminal

The combined restricted earth-fault and re- on the rear panel of the relay. The opto-con-
sidual earth-fault relay SPAJ 115 C connects to nectors of the fibre-optic cables are plugged into
the fibre-optic data communication bus by means the counter connectors Rx and Tx on the bus
of the bus connection module SPA-ZC 17 or connection module. The selector switch for the
SPA-ZC 21. The bus connection module is mode of operation of the bus connection mod-
fitted to the D-type connector (SERIAL PORT) ule is to be set in position "SPA".

5
Configuration of The trip signal of the ∆I0> stage is firmly wired addition, the following functions can be se-
output relays to output relay A and the trip signal of the I0> lected with the switches of the SGR switchgroup
stage is firmly wired to output relay B. In on the front panel:

Switch Function Factory User's

settings settings

SGR/1 Routes the ext. blocking signal to the E/F module 1

SGR/2 Routes the start signal of the I0> stage to output relay D 1

SGR/3 Not in use 1

SGR/4 Routes the operate signal of the I0> stage to output relay D 1

SGR/5 Routes the operate signal of the I0> stage to output relay C 1

SGR/6 Routes the operate signal of the I0> stage to output relay A 1

SGR/7 Routes the operate signal of the ∆I0> stage to output relay C 1

SGR/8 Routes the operate signal of the ∆I0> stage to output relay B 1

The circuit breakers can be directly controlled output relay and two separate circuit breakers
with output relay A or output relay B. Thus can be controlled with the same earth-fault
either operation stage may have its own trip relay.

6
Start and B
with the RESET push-button. An unreset
∆I
operation 2
I indicator does not affect the operation of the
indicators I n = 1A 5A ( I o ) f n = 50Hz
5
I o ∆I o IRF relay.
I n = 1A 5A (∆I o ) 60Hz

SPAJ 115 C 2. The yellow LEDs (∆I0 and I0) on the upper
80...265V –
~ ∆I o>
STEP 2.5 black part of the front plate indicate, when lit,
18...80V – U aux In
[%]
0.5 5.0
STEP
that the value of the energizing current of the
SPCJ 2C30
concerned protection stage is being dis- played.
20
REGISTERS I o>
[%] SG1
0 0 0 0 In
5.0 40
1
2
3
3. The red IRF indicator of the self-supervision
∆ I o /I n [ % ]
1
2 I o /I n [ % ] 0.6
4
5
6
system indicates, when lit, that a permanent
3
4
n (∆ I o> )
n (I o> )
SGR
1
t o>[s]
7
8 internal relay fault has been detected. The
k 0 1
5 t / t o> [ % ]
2
3
4
0.1 1.0
fault code appearing on the display once a
RESET
5
6
7
fault has been detected should be recorded
0 1
8
and notified when service is ordered.
∆I o> I o>

4. The green Uaux LED on the front panel is lit

1411
1304

RS 421 Ser.No. SPCJ 2C30

when the power supply module operates prop-
erly.
1. Either earth-fault stage has its own operation
indicator (∆I0> and I0>), located in the right 5. The LED indicator below a setting knob
bottom corner of the front plate of the relay indicates, when lit, that the setting value is
module. The indicator of the residual current being displayed.
stage I0> turns yellow as the stage starts and
turns red as the stage operates (trips). The 6. The LED of the SG1 switchgroup indicates,
indicator of the restricted earth-fault current when lit, that the checksum of the switch-
stage ∆I0> turns red as the stage operates group is being displayed.
(trips).
The start and operation indicators, the function
With the SG2 software switchgroup the start of the SG2 software switchgroup and the func-
and trip indicators can be given a latching tions of the LED indicators during setting are
function, which means that the LEDs remain described more detailed in the relay module
lit, although the signal that caused operation manual of the combined restricted earth-fault
returns to normal. The indicators are reset and residual earth-fault relay module SPCJ 2C30.

Power supply The combined power supply and I/O module The power supply and I/O module is available
and I/O module (U2) is located behind the system front panel of in two versions which have different input volt-
the protection relay and can be withdrawn from age ranges:
the relay case after removal of the system front
panel. The power supply and I/O module incor- - type SPTU 240S1 Uaux = 80...265 V ac/dc
porates a power unit, four output relays, the - type SPTU 48S1 Uaux = 18...80 V dc
control circuits of the output relays and the
electronic circuitry of the external control in- The input voltage range of the power supply and
put. I/O module incorporated in the relay on deliv-
ery is marked on the system front panel of the
The power unit is transformer connected, that relay.
is, the primary circuit and the secondary circuits
are galvanically isolated. The primary circuit is
protected by a slow 1 A fuse F1, placed on the
PC board of the module. When the power
source operates properly, the green Uaux LED
on the front panel is lit.

7
Technical data Energizing inputs 1A 5A
(modified 2002-04) Terminals 25–27, 37–39 25–26, 37–38
Rated current In 1A 5A
Thermal withstand capability
Continuous carry 4A 20 A
Make and carry for 10 s 25 A 100 A
Make and carry for 1 s 100 A 500 A
Dynamic current withstand capability,
half-wave value 250 A 1250 A
Input impedance <100 mΩ <20 mΩ
Rated frequency fn acc. to order 50 Hz or 60 Hz

Output contact ratings

Control contacts
Terminals 65-66, 68-69
Rated voltage 250 V ac/dc
Continuous carry 5A
Make and carry for 0.5 s 30 A
Make and carry for 3 s 15 A
Breaking capacity for dc, when the control
circuit time constant L/R ≤ 40 ms,
at the control voltages
- 220 V dc 1A
- 110 V dc 3A
- 48 V dc 5A

Signalling contacts
Terminals 70-71-72, 77-78, 80-81
Rated voltage 250 V ac/dc
Carry continuously 5A
Make and carry for 0.5 s 10 A
Make and carry for 3 s 8A
Breaking capacity for dc, when the signalling
circuit time constant L/R ≤ 40 ms,
at the signalling voltages
- 220 V dc 0.15 A
- 110 V dc 0.25 A
- 48 V dc 1A

External control input (Blocking input)

Terminals 10-11
Control voltage level 18...265 V dc or
80...265 V ac
Current consumption when input activated 2...20 mA

Auxiliary supply voltage

Power supply and I/O modules and voltage ranges:
- type SPTU 240S1 80...265 V ac/dc
- type SPTU 48S1 18...80 V dc
Power consumption under quiescent/operating
conditions ~4 W/~6 W

8
Combined restricted earth-fault and residual earth-fault relay module SPCJ 2C30
Restricted earth-fault current stage ∆I0>
Start current ∆I0>, setting range 0.5...5% x In
Operate time 35 ms
Residual earth-fault current stage I0>
Start current I0>, setting range 5…40% x In
Selectable operation characteristic
- definite time characteristic
- operate time t0> 0.1…100 s
- inverse definite minimum time (IDMT) characteristic
- curve sets acc. to IEC 60255-3 and BS 142 Normal inverse
Very inverse
Extremely inverse
Long-time inverse
- time multiplier k 0.05...1.00

Data communication
Transmission mode Fibre-optic serial bus
Data code ASCII
Selectable data transfer rates 300, 1200, 2400, 4800 or 9600 Bd
Fibre-optic bus connection module,
powered from the host relay
- for plastic fibre cables SPA-ZC 21 BB
- for glass fibre cables SPA-ZC 21 MM
Fibre-optic bus connection module,
powered from external power source
- for plastic fibre cables SPA-ZC 17 BB
- for glass fibre cables SPA-ZC 17 MM

Insulation Tests *)
Dielectric test IEC 60255-5 2 kV, 50 Hz, 1 min
Impulse voltage test IEC 60255-5 5 kV, 1.2/50 µs, 0.5 J
Insulation resistance measurement IEC 60255-5 >100 MΩ, 500 Vdc

Electromagnetic Compatibility Tests *)

High-frequency (1 MHz) burst disturbance test
IEC 60255-22-1
- common mode 2.5 kV
- differential mode 1.0 kV
Electrostatic discharge test IEC 60255-22-2 and
IEC 61000-4-2
- contact discharge 6 kV
- air discharge 8 kV
Fast transient disturbance test IEC 60255-22-4
and IEC 61000-4-4
- power supply 4 kV
- I/O ports 2 kV

Environmental conditions
Specified ambient service temperature range -10...+55°C
Long term damp heat withstand acc. to IEC 60068-2-3 <95%, +40°C, 56 d/a
Relative humidity acc. to IEC 60068-2-30 93...95%, +55°C, 6 cycles
Transport and storage temperature range -40...+70°C
Degree of protection by enclosure
for panel mounted relay IP 54
Weight of relay including flush mounting case 3.0 kg

*) The tests do not apply to the serial port, which is used exclusively for the bus connection module.

9
Current The sensitivity and reliability of a resistor-stabi- Ikmax = Maximum through-fault current, for
transformer lized restricted earth-fault protection depends which the relay must not operate
requirements to a great extent on the current transformers to Rin = Resistance of the CT secondary circuit
be used. The number of turns of all the current Rm = Total resistance of the longest measur-
transformers of the same differential circuit ing circuit (to and from)
must be equal. n = CT transforming ration

In the differential protection systems class X It is recommended that current transformers

current transformers are used, and the impor- with a secondary resistance of the measuring
tant parameters of the current transformers are circuit are used. In this way the knee-point volt-
the knee-point voltage and the resistance of the age requirements imposed to the current trans-
secondary circuit. The knee-point voltage is the former can be kept within reasonable values.
secondary voltage value, from which a 10%
voltage increase causes the excitation current to The sensitivity of the protection can be deter-
grow by 50%. mined with the stabilizing resistor; the higher
the selected resistor value the lower a relay
When the sensitivity of the protection is con- setting can be used and the more sensitive a
sidered the excitation current of the current protection is obtained. The sensitivity of the
transformers and the current through a possible protection can be calculated as follows:
stabilizing resistor must be noted.
Iprim = n x (Ir + m x Ie + Iu)
The knee-point voltage of the current trans-
formers must be about 2 times the stabilizing During faults inside the zone of protection the
voltage to secure a safe operation and a fast voltage of the measuring circuit may grow so
operate time of the relay. The stabilizing voltage high that it can exceed the isolation level of the
Us can be calculated as follows: circuit. This can be avoided by installing a
voltage dependent resistor into the circuit.
I x (Rin + Rm)
Us = kmax
n
Three types of voltage dependent resistors are
available, see Fig. 4.

Fig. 4.Operation characteristic of the voltage dependent resistors.

1 Voltage dependent resistor type 5248 831-D

2 Voltage dependent resistor type 5248 831-C
3 Voltage dependent resistor type 5248 831-B

10
Examples of
L1
application L2
L3
Example 1. TRIPPING OF EXCITATION
Generator earth- CIRCUIT BREAKER AND
SHUT DOWN OF PRIME
fault protection MOVER

TRIPPING OF
GENERATOR
CIRCUIT
BREAKER

Rx Tx

SPA-ZC_
Ru

Ir + (~)
Iu Uaux
- (~)

BS IRF START1 SIGNAL1 TRIP2 TRIP1

Rs
+ +
SERIAL
PORT
25 26 27 37 38 39 10 11 61 62 70 71 72 77 78 80 81 68 69 65 66
5A
1A

5A
1A

≅_ E D C B A

U3
+ - 1 1 1 1
SGR/1
U3
IRF SGR 2 4 7 5 8 6

TS1
∆Io>
35 ms
SGB
4
5 SS2

t>,k TS2
Io>

U1 I/O
SPAJ 115 C U2

Fig. 5. Generator earth-fault protection using the restricted earth-fault and residual earth-fault relay
SPAJ 115 C. The selector switch positions are shown in the table on the following page.

The restricted earth-fault stage ∆I0> acts as main ers, the current flows through the current trans-
earth-fault protection. The residual earth-fault formers and causes no relay operation. When
stage I0> acts as busbar earth-fault protection the earth-fault arises inside the area of protec-
and back-up earth-fault protection for the net- tion the current transformers feed current
work. through the differential current circuit and the
relay operates.
The stability of the restricted earth-fault protec-
tion stage is based on the fact that the impedance An external stabilizing resistor Rs is needed in
of a current transformer decreases when the the differential current measuring circuit. The
transformer saturates. The reactance of the exci- purpose of the stabilizing resistor is to prevent
tation circuit of a fully saturated current trans- the relay from operating on faults outside the
former is zero and thus the impedance is purely area of protection. The short time power with-
composed of the winding resistance. The stabi- stand capability of the stabilizing resistor must
lizing resistor in the differential current circuit be high enough to stand for the power appearing
forces the secondary current of the unsaturated in the differential current circuit. The most
current transformer to flow through the second- suitable resistor type is an open wire-wound
ary circuit of the saturated current transformer. resistor.
The start current of the restricted earth-fault
stage is set so high, that the protection does not The purpose of the voltage dependent resistor is
operate on currents induced in the circuit dur- to prevent the voltage from exceeding the insu-
ing faults outside the zone of protection. lation voltage level during in-zone faults. The
voltage dependent resistor must be so selected
When the earth-fault appears outside the zone that the current through the resistor at the
of protection limited by the current transform- stabilizing voltage level is as low as possible.
11
 Current transformers with the same transform- The excitation current Ie corresponding to the
ing ratios and equal numbers of winding turns stabilizing voltage Us is determined either from
are selected. In order to minimize the length of the excitation curves provided by the CT manu-
the CT secondary circuits the summing point of facturer or by assuming a linear excitation curve
the secondary currents is to be located as close for voltage values below the knee-point voltage.
to the CT terminals as possible.
The value of the stabilizing resistor can be
The calculations for the restricted earth-fault calculated from the expression:
protection are performed using an iteration
Us
method. First the current transformers are de- Rs =
fined and then their suitability for the intended Ir
application is checked. The start current Ir can be changed, if needed,
by changing the value of Rs. It is recommended
The stabilizing voltage Us required by the pro- that the start current Ir is greater than the sum of
tection in through-fault situations is determined the excitation currents of the CTs. That is, the
according to the following expression: start current is to be Ir ≥ m x Ie, where m is the
number of CTs in the differential current cir-
I x (Rin + Rm)
Us = kmax cuit.
n
Ikmax = Maximum through-fault current, for The primary current value corresponding to the
which the relay must not operate. If the start current Ir is obtained from the expression:
current is unknown the generator is
given the value Ikmax ≈ 6 x In Iprim = n x (Ir + m x Ie + Iu)
Rin = Resistance of the CT secondary circuit
Rm = Total resistance of the longest measur- Iu = current through the varistor at Us,
ing circuit, i.e. from the summing point see Fig. 5.
to the current transformer
n = CT transforming ration, for example The selector switches of the relay SPAJ 115 C
n = 2000/5 A = 400 can be given the following settings:

In order to secure a safe operation of the pro-

tection at in-zone faults the stabilizing voltage
Us must not exceed half the value of the knee-
point voltage Uk of the current transformers.

Switch SG1/SPCJ 2C30 SGB/SPCJ 2C30 SGR

1 0 Not in use 0 Not in use 0 No external blocking signal
2 0 Not in use 0 Not in use 0 No stage I0> start to relay D
3 1 Stage ∆I0>; latching 0 Not in use 0 Not in use
4 1 Stage I0>; latching 0 No blocking of ∆t> 1 Stage I0> trip to relay D
5 0 Not in use 0 No blocking of t0> 0 No stage I0> trip to relay C
6 1 Inverse time 0 Not in use 0 No stage I0> trip to relay A
7 0 0 Not in use 1 Stage ∆I0> trip to relay C
8 1 } Normal inverse 0 Not in use 1 Stage ∆I0> trip to relay B
∑ 172

With the above settings of relay SPAJ 115 C the

following output relay functions are obtained:

Contact Function

65-66 Trip signal from the restricted earth-fault stage; opens the excitation CB and
stops the prime mover of the generator
68-69 Trip signal from the restricted earth-fault stage or the residual earth-fault stage;
opens the generator CB
80-81 Signal on operation of the restricted earth-fault stage
77-78 Signal on operation of the residual earth-fault stage
70-71-72 Self-supervision alarm signal

12
Example 2.
Earth-fault
L1
protection of the L2 TRIPPING OF THE
HIGH-VOLTAGE SIDE
high-voltage side of L3 CIRCUIT BREAKER
a power transformer
TRIPPING OF THE
LOW-VOLTAGE SIDE
CIRCUIT BREAKER

Rx Tx

Ru

SPA-ZC_
Iu Ir
+ (~)
Rs Uaux
- (~)

BS IRF START1 SIGNAL1 TRIP2 TRIP1

+ +
SERIAL
PORT
25 26 27 37 38 39 10 11 61 62 70 71 72 77 78 80 81 68 69 65 66
5A
1A

5A
1A ≅_ E D C B A

U3
+ - 1 1 1 1
SGR/1
U3
IRF SGR 2 4 7 5 8 6

TS1
∆Io>
35 ms
SGB
4
5 SS2

t>,k TS2
Io>

U1 I/O
SPAJ 115 C U2

Fig. 6. Transformer earth-fault protection using the restricted earth-fault and residual earth-fault
relay SPAJ 115 C. The selector switch positions are shown in the table on the next page.

13
 The calculations are performed in the same way The selector switches of the relay SPAJ 115 C
as in the previous example. If the maximum can be given the following settings:
through-fault current Ikmax is not known, the
value 16 x In can be used when the settings for
the transformer protection are calculated.

Switch SG1/SPCJ 2C30 SGB/SPCJ 2C30 SGR

1 0 Not in use 0 Not in use 0 No external blocking signal

2 0 Not in use 0 Not in use 0 No stage I0> start to relay D
3 1 Stage ∆I0>; latching 0 Not in use 0 Not in use
4 1 Stage I0>; latching 0 No locking of ∆t> 1 Stage I0> trip to relay D
5 0 Not in use 0 No blocking of t0> 0 No stage I0> trip to relay C
6 1 Inverse time 0 Not in use 0 No stage I0> trip to relay A
7 0 0 Not in use 1 Stage ∆I0> trip to relay C
8 1 }Normal inverse 0 Not in use 1 Stage ∆I0> trip to relay B

∑ 172

With the above settings of relay SPAJ 115 C the

following output relay functions are obtained:

Contact Function

65-66 Trip signal from the restricted earth-fault stage; opens the low-voltage side CB
68-69 Trip signal from the restricted earth-fault stage or the residual earth-fault stage;
opens the high-voltage side CB
80-81 Signal on operation of the restricted earth-fault stage
77-78 Signal on operation of the residual earth-fault stage
70-71-72 Self-supervision alarm signal

14
Example 3.
Earth-fault L1
protection of the L2
low-voltage side of L3

a power transformer

TRIPPING OF THE
HIGH-VOLTAGE SIDE
CIRCUIT BREAKER

TRIPPING OF THE
LOW-VOLTAGE SIDE
CIRCUIT BREAKER

Rx Tx

Ru

SPA-ZC_
Iu Ir
+ (~)
Uaux
Rs - (~)

BS *) IRF START1 SIGNAL1 TRIP2 TRIP1

+ + SERIAL
PORT
25 26 27 37 38 39 10 11 61 62 70 71 72 77 78 80 81 68 69 65 66
5A
1A

5A
1A

≅_ E D C B A

U3
+ - 1 1 1 1
SGR/1
U3
IRF SGR 2 4 7 5 8 6

∆Io> TS1
35 ms
SGB
4
5 SS2

t>,k TS2
Io>

U1 I/O
SPAJ 115 C U2

*) Blocking signals from the earth-fault relays of the outgoing feeders

Fig. 7. Transformer earth-fault protection using the restricted earth-fault and residual earth-fault
relay SPAJ 115 C. The selector switch positions are shown in the table on the next page.

15
 In this example the residual earth-fault stage is the residual earth-fault stage operates. An in-
used as a fast feeder cubicle and busbar earth- coming blocking signal is routed to the residual
fault protection. Should the fault appear on the earth-fault stage by means of switch SGB/5 in
feeder, the feeder earth-fault relay transmits a the relay module SPCJ 2C30.
blocking signal to the residual earth-fault stage
of the infeeder cubicle. Should the earth-fault, The selector switches of the protection relay
however, appear in the infeeder cubicle or on the module SPAJ 115 C can be set as follows:
busbars, no blocking signal will be obtained and

Switch SG1/SPCJ 2C30 SGB/SPCJ 2C30 SGR

1 0 Not in use 0 Not in use 1 External blocking signal

2 0 Not in use 0 Not in use 0 No stage I0> start to relay D
3 1 Stage ∆I0>; latching 0 Not in use 0 Not in use
4 1 Stage I0>; latching 0 No locking of ∆t> 1 Stage I0> trip to relay D
5 0 Not in use 1 Blocking of t0> 0 No stage I0> trip to relay C
6 0 Definite time 0 Not in use 0 No stage I0> trip to relay A
7 0 0 Not in use 1 Stage ∆I0> trip to relay C
8 0 } t > = 0.1…1.00 s
0 0 Not in use 1 Stage ∆I0> trip to relay B

∑ 12

With the above settings of relay SPAJ 115 C the

following output relay functions are obtained:

Contact Function

65-66 Trip signal from the restricted earth-fault stage; opens the high-voltage side CB
68-69 Trip signal from the restricted earth-fault stage or the residual earth-fault stage;
opens the low-voltage side CB
80-81 Signal on operation of the restricted earth-fault stage
77-78 Signal on operation of the residual earth-fault stage
70-71-72 Self-supervision alarm signal

16
Recorded The data registered by the relay can be used to values can be compared with the residual cur-
information analyze the faults and the behaviour of the rent values measured by the relay under normal
protection. operation conditions.

Register 1 contains the maximum value of the Register 3 records the number of operations of
differential current as a percentage of the rated the differential current stage ∆I0>.
current of the used energizing input. The regis-
ter is updated, if The number of starts of the the residual earth-
- the value of the measured current exceeds the fault stage, register 4, provides information about
value already in the register how frequently earth-faults appear in the net-
- the relay operates. At relay operation the value work. Frequent starts may indicate an imminent
of the current at operation is recorded. earth-fault caused, for instance, by a broken
isolator or some kind of disturbance apt to cause
The value of the differential current measured an earth-fault. The reason may also be too low
during a fault shows the magnitude of the earth- a start current setting. The residual earth-fault
fault current. When the earth-fault current of stage, unlike the restricted earth-fault stage, also
the total network is known, the probable loca- detects faults outside the zone of protection.
tion of the fault inside tha transformer can be
judged. The value in register 1 shows how close The values recorded in register 5 shows the
the set relay start current value is to the real fault duration of the latest start of the residual earth-
current value. Correspondingly, the set start fault stage, expressed as a percentage of the set
current values can be compared with the differ- operate time. Any new start resets the counter,
ential current values measured by the relay un- which always starts counting from zero. If the
der normal operation conditions. stage operates, the value of the register will be
100 [%].
Register 2 contains the maximum value of the
residual current as a percentage of the rated Register 5 provides information on the duration
current of the used energizing input. The regis- of the earth-fault and the safety margins of the
ter is updated, if grading times of the protection. Should, for
- the value of the measured current exceeds the instance, the duration recorded by the earth-
value already in the register fault relay, functioning as a back-up relay for the
- the relay operates. At relay operation the value feeder earth-fault relay show the value 75 [%]
of the current at operation is recorded. after that the feeder earth-fault relay has tripped,
the safety margin of the selective protection has
The value of the residual current measured been 25% counted on the operate time of the
during a fault shows the magnitude of the earth- residual earth-fault relay.
fault current. When the earth-fault current of
the total network is known, the degree of devel- The registers 1…5 are reset, either by pressing
opment of the earth-fault can be judged. The the STEP and RESET push-buttons simultane-
value in register 2 shows how close the set relay ously or with a command, V102, over the SPA
start current value is to the real fault current bus.
value. Correspondingly, the set start current

17
Secondary The secondary testing should always be per- DANGER!
injection testing formed in accordance with national regulations Do not open the secondary circuit of a cur-
and instructions. rent transformer during testing, if the pri-
mary circuit is live. The high voltage pro-
The protection relay incorporates an IRF func- duced by an open CT secondary circuit could
tion that continuously monitors the internal be lethal and may damage measuring instru-
condition of the relay and produces an alarm ments and insulation.
signal on detection of a fault. According to the
manufacturer’s recommendations the relay When the auxiliary voltage is connected to the
should be submitted to secondary injection test- protection relay, the relay performs a self-testing
ing at five years’ intervals. These tests should program. The self-testing does not include the
include the entire protection chain from the matching transformers and the contacts of the
instrument transformers to the circuit breakers. output relays. The operational condition of the
relay is tested by means of ordinary relay test
The secondary testing described in this manual equipment and such a test also includes the
is based on the relay’s setting values in the matching transformers, the output relays and
concerned application. If necessary, the second- the accuracy of the operate values.
ary testing can be extended by testing the protec-
tion stages throughout their setting ranges. Equipment required for testing:
- adjustable voltage transformer 0...260 V, 1 A
As switch positions and setting values may have - current transformer
to be altered during the test the correct positions - ammeter, accuracy ±0.5%
of switches and the setting values of the relay - stop watch or counter for time measurement
during normal operation conditions have to be - dc voltage source for auxiliary supply
recorded, for instance, on the reference card - switches and indicator lamps
accompanying the relay. - supply and pilot wires
- calibrated multimeter
To enable secondary injection testing the relay
has to be disconnected, either through dis- The secondary current of the current trans-
connectable terminal blocks or a test plug fitted former is to be selected on the basis of the rated
on the relay. current, 1 A or 5 A, of the relay energizing input
to be tested. The energizing inputs are specified
under the heading "Technical data, Energizing
inputs".

18
 Uaux

U2
+ (~)

- (~)

6
A

1
TRIP1

65 66
TIMER STOP

8
TRIP2

68 69

5
C
SIGNAL1

7
80 81
L3

4
D

1
START1

SGR 2
77 78

TS1
L2

SS2

TS2

I/O
E

IRF

35 ms
70 71 72

t>,k
IRF

U3
L1

∆Io>

Io>
≅_
61 62

+ -

SGB

U1
4
5
SGR/1
S2

11
BS

10
TIMER START

25 26 27 37 38 39
1A
5A

1A

SPAJ 115 C
5A
A

U3
S1
L1 N

Fig. 8. Secondary test circuit for the earth-fault relay SPAJ 115 C.

The auxiliary voltage can be connected to the The correctness of the test connection can be
relay, as the test connection has been finished verified by using a multimeter.
and the selector switches properly set.

19
Checking the Pure sinusoidal energizing current is fed to the The measurement can be made at the rated
matching relay. Compare the current value shown in the current of the relay. The matching transformers
transformers display with the current reading of the ammeter. are tested separately.

Checking the The switches of switchgroup SGR should be set Start function
restricted earth- as follows:
fault stage ∆I0> Close switch S1 and slowly increase the test
Switch Position current until the relay operates, indicator L3 is
lit. Read the start current value from the am-
1 1 meter.
2 0
3 - Operate time
4 0
5 0 The operate time of the restricted earth-fault
6 0 stage is measured at a test current equal to 2
7 1 times the set start value of stage ∆I0>. The timer
8 0 is started when switch S1 is closed and stopped
by contact 65-66 on operation of output relay A.

The output relays have the following functions: The operation of output relay C is indicated by
LED L3.
Output Function
(terminals) When the relay operates, the indicator ∆I0> in
the right bottom corner of the front panel of the
A (65-66) Trip signal of stage ∆I0> relay module turns red.
B (68-69) Not in use
C (80-81) Signal on tripping of stage ∆I0> Blocking
(L3)
D (77-78) Not in use Switch 4 and 5 of switchgroup SGB on the PC
E (71-72) Self-supervision alarm signal (L1) board of the relay module and switch SGR/1 on
the front panel are to be set in position 1 (ON).

The blocking function is tested by applying a

control voltage of the auxiliary voltage level to
input 10-11 via switch S2. At first switch S2 is
closed and then the test current is increased well
above the set start current level.The relay must
not operate, i.e. L3 remains dark.

20
Checking the The switches of switchgroup SGR should be set Start function
restricted earth- as follows:
fault stage I0> The measuring current is slowly increased until
Switch Position the stage starts and indicator L2 is lit. The start
current is read from the ammeter.
1 1
2 1 Operate time
3 0
4 0 Definite time characteristic
5 1
6 0 The operate time of the residual earth-fault
7 0 stage is measured at a test current equal to 2
8 0 times the set start value of I0> stage. The timer
is started by closing switch S1 and stopped by
contact 68-69 on operation of output relay B.
The output relays have the following functions:
Inverse time characteristic
Output Function
(terminals) At inverse time characteristic the operate time of
the stage is measured at two current values (2 x
A (65-66) Not in use I0> and 10 x I0>). The operate times thus
B (68-69) Trip signal of stage I0> received are compared with the operate times
C (80-81) Signal on tripping of stage I0> shown in the current/time curves for the corre-
(L3) sponding inverse time characteristic.
D (77-78) Start signal of stage I 0> (L2)
E (71-72) Self-supervision alarm signal (L1)

Checking the self- The self-supervision system and its operation "General characteristics of C-type relay mod-
supervision system indicator IRF and output relay E can be tested ules" of this manual. The operation of output
in the Trip-Test mode described in section relay E is indicated by the LED indicator L1.

21
Maintenance When used under the conditions specified in the relay specifications, the relay should be given
and repair the section "Technical data", the relay requires a proper overhaul. Minor measures, such as
practically no maintenance. The relay includes exchange of a faulty module, can be undertaken
no parts or components that are liable to abnor- by personnel from the customer’s instrument
mal physical or electrical wear under normal work-shop, but major measures involving meas-
operating conditions. ures in the electronic circuitry are to be taken by
the manufacturer. Please contact the manufac-
If the environmental conditions on site differ turer or his nearest representative for further
from those specified, as to temperature and information about checking, overhaul and
humidity, or if the atmosphere around the relay recalibration of the relay.
contains chemically active gases or dust, the
relay should be visually inspected during the Note!
relay secondary testing. The visual inspection The protection relays contain electronic circuits
should focus on: which are liable to serious damage due to elec-
- Signs of mechanical damage on relay case and trostatic discharge. Before withdrawing a mod-
terminals ule from the relay case, ensure that you are at the
- Dust accumulated inside the relay cover or same electrostatic potential as the equipment by
case; remove carefully with compressed air or touching the case.
a soft brush
- Signs of corrosion on terminals, case or com- Note!
ponents inside the relay Static protection relays are measuring instru-
ments and should be handled with care and
If the relay fails to operation or if the operation protected against damp and mechanical stress,
values considerably differ from those stated in especially during transport and storage.

Exchange and Combined restricted earth-fault and residual

spare parts earth-fault relay module SPCJ 2C30
Combined power supply and I/O module
- Uaux = 80...265 V ac/dc SPTU 240S1
- Uaux = 18...80 V dc SPTU 48S1
Case (including I/O module) SPTK 2E17
I/O module SPTE 2E17
Bus connection module SPA-ZC 17_ or SPA-ZC 21_

Ordering Combined restricted earth-fault and residual earth-fault relay SPAJ 115 C
numbers
SPAJ 115 C RS 421 012 -AA, CA, DA, FA

Combined restricted earth-fault and residual earth-fault relay SPAJ 115 C with
test adapter RTXP 18

SPAJ 115 C RS 421 212 -AA, CA, DA, FA

The two last letters of the ordering number designate the rated frequency fn and
the Uaux voltage range of the relay as follows:

AA: fn = 50 Hz and Uaux = 80...265 V ac/dc

CA: fn = 50 Hz and Uaux = 18...80 V dc
DA: fn = 60 Hz and Uaux = 80...265 V ac/dc
FA: fn = 60 Hz and Uaux = 18...80 V dc

22
Dimensions and The relay case is basically designed for flush- by 80 mm and type SPA-ZX 112 reduces the
instructions for mounting. The mounting depth can be reduced depth by 120 mm. The relay can also be mounted
mounting by the use of a raising frame: type SPA-ZX 111 in a case for surface mounting, type designation
reduces the depth behind the mounting panel SPA-ZX 115.
by 40 mm, type SPA-ZX 112 reduces the depth

250
142
216 34
30 186

136
162

129 ±1 a b
139 ±1

Panel cut-out

Raising frame a b
SPA-ZX 111 176 74
SPA-ZX 112 136 114
SPA-ZX 113 96 154

Fig. 9. Dimensions of the restricted earth-fault and residual earth-fault relay SPAJ 115 C.

The relay case is made of profile aluminium and along the edge of the cover provides an IP54
finished in beige. degree of protection between the case and the
cover.
A rubber gasket fitted on the mounting collar
provides an IP54 degree of protection between All input and output wires are connected to the
relay case and mounting panel, when the relay is screw terminal blocks on the rear panel. Each
flush mounted. terminal is dimensioned for one max. 6 mm2
wire or two max. 2.5 mm2 wires. The D-type
The hinged cover of the relay case is made of a connector connects to the serial communica-
clear, UV stabilized polycarbonate, and pro- tion bus.
vided with a sealable fastening screw. A gasket

Order information Example

1. Quantity and type designation 15 pces relay SPAJ 115 C
2. Order number RS 421 012-AA
3. Rated frequency fn = 50 Hz
4. Auxiliary voltage Uaux = 110 V dc
5. Accessories 15 bus connection modules SPA-ZC 21 MM
2 fibre optic cables SPA-ZF MM 100
14 fibre optic cables SPA-ZF MM 5
6. Special requirements –
23
SPCJ 2C30
Differential current and
neutral current module
User´s manual and Technical description

B
∆I
I

I o ∆I o IRF

STEP 2.5
∆I o>
[%] STEP
In
0.5 5.0

20
I o>
[%] SG1
In 1
5.0 40 2
3
4
5
0.6 6
7
t o>[s] 8
k 0 1
0.1 1.0

RESET

∆I o> I o>
1411

SPCJ 2C30
1MRS 750659-MUM EN
SPCJ 2C30
Issued 1997-02-26
Modified 2002-05-15 Differential current and
Version B (replaces 34 SPCJ 11 EN1)
Checked MK
Approved OL
neutral current module
Data subject to change without notice

Contents Features .......................................................................................................................... 2

Operation principle ........................................................................................................ 3
Block diagram ................................................................................................................. 4
Front panel ..................................................................................................................... 5
Indicators........................................................................................................................ 5
Settings ........................................................................................................................... 6
Selector switches ............................................................................................................. 6
Measured data ................................................................................................................ 7
Recorded information ..................................................................................................... 8
Menu chart ................................................................................................................... 10
Inverse time characteristic (modified 2002-05) .............................................................. 11
Technical data .............................................................................................................. 16
Event codes ................................................................................................................... 17
Remote transfer data ..................................................................................................... 17
Fault codes.................................................................................................................... 20

Features Sensitive differential current stage ∆I0> with Flexible configuration of the relay module to
short operate time, 35 ms. Setting range 0,5…5 obtain the desired protection functions
% x In
All settings may be entered using the push-
Neutral overcurrent stage I0> with definite time buttons and the display on the front panel of the
characteristic or inverse time characteristic. Set- module or they may be set using a personal
ting range 5…40% x In computer

The operation of both protection stages can be Continuous self-supervision including both
blocked with an external control signal module hardware and software. At a permanent
fault the alarm output relay operates and the
Local display of measured currents, set start other relay outputs are blocked.
values, recorded fault data and other parameters

2
Operation The combined differential current and neutral The setting range of the neutral current stage
principle current module SPCJ 2C30 measures two cur- I0> is 5…40% x In. The neutral current stage
rents; the differential current ∆I0 and the neu- can be assigned definite time or inverse time
tral current I0. The differential current is formed characteristic. The selection is made with switch
with an external connection. The relay module SG1/6. At definite time characteristic three op-
holds two protection stages, one for each cur- erate time ranges are available; 0.1…1s, 1…10
rent. s and 10…100 s. The operate time setting range
is set with switch SG1/7 and SG1/8.
The differential current stage ∆I0> operates
instantaneously and provides an operate signal At inverse time characteristic of the I0> stage
TS1, if the measured differential current ex- four time-current characteristic curve groups
ceeds the set start current. can be selected. The selection is made with
switches SG1/7 and SG1/8.
The neutral current stage I0> starts if the meas-
ured neutral current exceeds the set start cur- The two protection stages can separately be
rent. On starting the stage provides a start signal given a latching function, which means that the
SS2 and at the same time the operation indicator operate output remains high, althoug the fault,
turns yellow. After the set or calculated operate which caused the relay to operate, has disap-
time t0> the stage provides an operate signalTS2, peared. The lached state is reset locally by press-
if the fault still persists. ing the STEP and RESET push-buttons simul-
taneously or remotely by means of the com-
The indicator of the stage that operates turns mands V101 or V102 via the SPA bus. The
red. The start and operation indications can be latching function of stage ∆I0> is selected with
given self-reset or manual-reset mode of opera- switch SG1/3 and the latching function of stage
tion, see switch SG2. The latched indications I0> with switch SG1/4.
are reset locally by pressing the RESET push-
button on the front panel or remotey by means The differential current input and the neutral
of the commands V101 or V102 via the SPA current input are provided with low-pass filters
bus. which suppress harmonics of the input current,
see. Fig. 1.
The operation of stage ∆I0> can be blocked by
means of an external control signal to input
BTS1. Correspondingly the operation of stage dB 5
I0> can be blocked by means of an external
0
control signal to input i BTS2. The incoming
blocking signals are distributed to the desired -5
protection stages with switches of switcgroup
SGB. -10

The switches of switchgroup SGB are also used -15

for defining start signals for a possible cooperat-
ing auro-reclose relay. The function of switch- -20
group SGB is described in the general descrip- -25
tion of the different relay manuals.
-30
The setting range of the differential stage ∆I0> 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
is 0,5…5% x In. The operate time is fixed and f/fn
typically 35 ms.

Fig. 1. Filter characteristics of the measuring

current inputs of the SPCJ 2C30 module.

3
Block diagram

Fig. 2. Block diagram of the differential current and neutral current relay module SPCJ 2C30.

∆I0 Measured differential current

I0 Measured neutral current
BS1, BS2, BS3 External blocking signals
BTS1 Blocking signal of stage ∆I0>
BTS2 Blocking signal of stage I0>
SG1 Switchgroup on the front panel
SG2 Indicator programming switchgroup (not shown in figure)
SGB Blocking signal and auto-reclose start signal programming switchgroup
on the circuit board
TS1 Operate (trip) signal of stage ∆I0>
SS2 Start signal of stage I0>
TS2 Operate (trip) signal of stage I0>
AR1, AR3 Auto-reclose start signals
∆I0> Differential current stage
I0 > Neutral current stage
t0> Operate (trip) time of stage I0>
Y Yellow indicator, starting
R Red indicator, operation (tripping)

NB!
All input and output signals of the relay module particular protection relay are shown in section
are not necessarily wired to the terminals of any "Signal diagram" in the general manual of the
protection relay incorporating the above relay concerned protection relay.
module. The signals wired to the terminals of a

4
Front panel
B
∆I
I Simplified device symbol

Indicators of the current I o ∆I o IRF

Indicator of the self-
measurement supervision system

Display
STEP 2.5
∆I o>
Indicator and setting knob for [%] STEP
the start current of stage ∆I0>- In
0.5 5.0
Step push-button
20
Indicator and setting knob for I o>
[%] SG1
the start current I0> or time In 1
5.0 40
multiplier k of stage I0> 2
3 Selector push-button SG1
4
5
0.6 6
7
Indicator and setting knob for t o>[s] 8

the operate time of stage I0> k 0 1

Indicator for switch-
0.1 1.0
group SG1 and SG2
RESET

Reset push-button

∆I o> I o>

Operation indicators
1411

SPCJ 2C30 Module type designation

Fig. 3. Front panel of the differential current and neutral current relay module SPCJ 2C30.

Indicators The operation indicator of the differential cur- An unreset operation indicator does not affect
rent stage ∆I0> is lit with red colour, when the the protection functions of the relay module.
stage operates. The operation indicator of the The relay module is always operative, whether
neutral current stage I0> is lit with yellow colour the indicators have been reset or not.
when the stage starts and with red colour, when
the stage operates. The self-supervision alarm indicator IRF indi-
cates that the self-supervision system has de-
The indicators can separately be assigned a tected a permanent internal relay module fault.
latching function, which means that the indica- The IRF indicator is lit with red light shortly
tor will remain lit, although the fault that caused after the fault has been detected. At the same
the indication has disappeared. If, for example, time the relay module delivers a control signal to
the trip indication of stage I0> has been assigned the self-supervision system output relay of the
the latching function, the indicator normally protection relay unit.
turns yellow when the stage starts and turns red
when the stage operates. When the stage resets Additionally, in most fault cases, a fault code
the red indicator remains lit. The latched indi- showing the fault type appears on the display of
cators are reset locally by pressing the RESET the relay module. The fault code consists of a red
push-button on the front panel or remotely by figure one (1) and a green three-digit code
means of commands V101 or V102 via the SPA number. When a fault message appears on the
bus. display, the code number should be noted to
facilitate trouble-shooting and repair.

5
Settings The setting values are shown by the three LED indicator below a setting knob shows that
rightmost digits of the display. When lit, the the concerned setting value is being displayed.

∆I0>/In Start current of stage ∆I0> in percent of the rated current of the used relay energizing
input, setting range 0,5…5% x In

I0>/In Start current of stage I0>in percent of the rated current of the used relay energizing
input, setting range 5…40% x In

t 0> Operate time of stage I0> at definite time characteristic. The setting range is k> selected
with switche SG1/7and SG1/8 , setting ranges 0.1...1.0 s, 1…10 s and 10...100 s.
Time multiplier k> at inverse time characteristic, setting range 0.1…1.0.

Further, the checksum of the selector switch- the switchgroup has been set and that the indi-
group SG1 is indicated on the display when the vidual switches work properly. An example of a
LED indicator under the switchgroup is lit. In checksum calculation is given in manual "Gen-
this way a check can be carried out to prove that eral characteristics of C type relay modules".

Selector switches Additional fuctions required in different appli- numbers 1...8 and the switch positions 0 or 1 are
cations are selected with the switches of switch- marked on the front panel
group SG1 on the front panel. The switch

Switch Function

SG1/1 Not in use. To be in position 0.

SG1/2 Not in use. To be in position 0.

SG1/3 Selection of the latching function for the operate signal TS1 of stage ∆I0>

When SG1/3=0, the operate signal TS1 returns to normal (= output relay drops),
when the measured current falls below the set start current of the stage.

When SG1/3=1, the operate signal TS1 remains high (=output relay picked up),
although the measured current falls below the set start current of the stage. The operate
signal is reset locally by pressing the STEP and RESET push-buttons simultaneously
or remotely by means of the command V101 via the SPA bus. When the STEP- and
RESET push-buttons are used the recorded information is also erased.

SG1/4 Selection of the latching function for the operate signal TS2 of stage I0>

When SG1/4=0, the operate signal TS2 returns to normal (= output relay drops),
when the measured current falls below the set start current of the stage.

When SG1/4=1, the operate signal TS2 remains high (=output relay picked up),
although the measured current falls below the set start current of the stage. The operate
signal is reset locally by pressing the STEP and RESET push-buttons simultaneously
or remotely by means of the command V101 via the SPA bus. When the STEP- and
RESET push-buttons are used the recorded information is also erased.

SG1/5 Not in use. To be in position 0.

6
 Switch Function

SG1/6 With switch SG1/6 definite or inverse time characteristic is selected for stage I0>.
SG1/7 With switches SG1/7 and SG1/8 the operate time setting range is selected at definite
SG1/8 time characteristic and the time multiplier setting range at inverse time characteristic.

SG1/6 SG1/7 SG1/8 Characteristic Operate time t0> or

time/current curve

0 0 0 Definite time 0.10…1.00 s

0 1 0 Definite time 1.00…10.0 s
0 0 1 Definite time 1.00…10.0 s
0 1 1 Definite time 10.0…100 s
1 0 0 Inverse time Extremely inverse
1 1 0 Inverse time Very inverse
1 0 1 Inverse time Normal inverse
1 1 1 Inverse time Long time inverse

The software switchgroup SG2 is located in the defined to be self-reset or latching. The setting
third submenu of the checksum register of switch- is performed by defining a checksum for the
group SG1. The operation principle of the switchgroup as described in the table below. As
operation indicators is defined with switch- a default setting the start signal is set to be self-
group SG2. The operation indicators can be reset and the operate signals to be latching.

Weighting factor Factory default

Red indication, ∆I0> operated 2 2

Yellow indication, I0> started. 4 0
Red indication, I0> operated 8 8

Checksum Σ 14 10

The possible external blocking signals applied to The alternatives, which can be selected with the
the relay are routed to the protection stages with switches of switchgroup SGB, are shown in the
switches SGB/4…8. Any start signals to be general part of the maual of the different relays
routed to a cooperating auto-reclose relay are which incorporate the differential current and
configured with switches SGB/2 and SGB/3. neutral current module SPCJ 2C30.
Switch SGB/1 is not in use.

Measured data The measured values are displayed with the rently displayed value is indicated by an illumi-
rightmost three digits of the display. The cur- nated LED indicator on the front panel.

Indicator Measured data

I0 Neutral current displayed in percent of the rated current In of the relay

∆I0 Differential current displayed in percent of the rated current In of the relay.
If the measured current exceed about 60% x In, a symbol "- - -" will be shown in
the display.

7
Recorded The leftmost digit of the display indicates the
information number of the register and the three rightmost
digits show the content of the register.

Register/ Recorded information

STEP

1 Measured maximum differential current ∆I0 in percent of the relay rated current.
The register content is updated if on of the following conditions is fulfilled:

1) The measured current exceeds the value currently in the register.

2) The relay issues an operate signal. When the relay operate the value at the moment
of operation is recorded in the register.

If the value of the measured differential current exceeds approximately 60% x In, the
register content will be shown as "- - -".

2 Measured maximum neutral current I0 in percent of the relay rated current. The
register content is updated if on of the following conditions is fulfilled:

1) The measured current exceeds the value currently in the register.

2) The relay issues an operate signal. When the relay operate the value at the moment
of operation is recorded in the register.

3 Number of operations of the differential current stage ∆I0>, n(∆I0>) = 0 ... 255

4 Number of operations of the neutral current stage I0>, n(I0>) = 0 ... 255

5 Duration of the last start situation of stage I0> in percent of the set operate time t0>
at definite time characteristic or calculated operate time at inverse time characteristic.
The counter always starts counting from zero. When the module operates (trips) the
counter reading will be 100 [%].

0 Status of the external blocking inputs. The rightmost digit of the display shows the
status of the blocking inputs. The following alternatives are available:
0 = No blocking
1 = The operation of stage ∆I0> is blocked
2 = The operation of stage I0> is blocked
3 = The operation of both stages (∆I0> and I0>) is blocked

The middle digit of the register is always zero. The third digit from the right indicates
the status of a possible remote reset input. The following alternatives are available:
0 = Remote reset input not activated
1 = Remote reset input activated

From register 0 the TRIP TEST mode can be reached. In the TRIP TEST mode the
start and operate signal of the module can be activated on by one. A detailled
description of the TRIP TEST mode is to be found in the manual "General
characteristics of C type relay modules".

8
 Register/ Recorded information
STEP

A Module address code for the communication system. If the register value is zero the
serial communicatio is not in use. The subregisters of register A are:

1) Selection of the data transfer speed. Selectable values 300, 1200, 2400, 4800 or
9600 Bd. Default setting 9600 Bd
2) Bus communication monitor. If the module is connected to a data communi-
cation device and the communication system is working, the communcation
counter is 0. If the communication is interrupted the numbers 0…255 are
scrolling in the display.
3) Password required for remote setting of relay parameters

When the display is dark you can proceed to the if the auxiliary power supply to the module is
beginning of the display menu by pressing the interrupted. The address code of the relay mod-
STEP push-button once. ule, the value of the data transfer rate of the serial
communication and the password are not erased
The content of the registers 1...5 are erased by by an auxiliary voltage interruption. Instruc-
pressing push-buttons STEP and RESET si- tions for setting the address and the data transfer
multaneously or with the remote control com- rate are given in the user's manual "General
mand V102. The register values are also erased characteristics of C-type relay modules".

9
Menu chart The diagram below shows the main menu and general principles for navigating in the menues
the submenus of the differential current and are described in the user's manual "General
neutral current relay module SPCJ 2C30. The characteristics of C type relay modules".

MAIN MENU SUBMENU

STEP 0.5 s RESET 1 s

Normal state, display dark = parameter, which can be set in the setting mode

S
T
E Neutral current Io
P

B
A BACKWARD STEP 0.5 s FORWARD STEP 1 s
C Differential current ∆Io SUBMENU
K
W
A
R Enforced start current of Remotely set Remotely set
D
S stage ∆Io percentage p1 value ∆Io x p1
.5
s Enforced start current of Remotely set Remotely set
stage Io> percentage p2 value Io> x p2

Enforced operate time to> or Remotely set Remotely set

M time multiplier k of stage Io> percentage p3 value to> x p3
A
I
N
Enforced checksum of Remotely set Remotely set Checksum of
M switchgroup SG1 checksum of SG1 checksum of SG1 switchgroup SG2
E
N
U
Recorded maximum value of
S
T
1 the differential current ∆Io>
E
P
Recorded maximum value of
F
O
2 the neutral current Io>
R
W
A
R 3 Number of starts of stage ∆Io>
D

1
s
4 Number of starts of stage Io>

5 Duration of the last start of stage Io>

Status of incoming IRF SS1 TS1 SS2 TS2

0 control signals 0 000

Communication address Data transfer Bus communication Password for the

A code of the relay module rate (Bd) monitor 0...255 communication

Fig. 4. Menu chart of the differential current and neutral current relay module SPCJ 2C30.

10
Inverse time The operation of the neutral current stage I0> is The slope of the characteristic curve is defined
characteristic based on either definite time or inverse time by parameter α and β as follows:
(modified 2002-05) characteristics. The desired characteristic is se-
lected with switch SG1/3, see chapter "Selector Slope of the charac- α β
switches". teristic curve

At inverse time characteristic the operate time of Normal inverse 0.02 0.14
stage I0> is a function of the current; the higher Very inverse 1.0 13.5
the current the shorter the operate time. The Extremely inverse 2.0 80.0
relationship between time and current is de- Long time inverse 1.0 120.0
fined in the BS 142.1966 and IEC 60255-3
standards as follows: According to the standard BS 142.1966 the
normal current range is defined as 2...20 times
kxβ
t= the setting current. Additionally the relay must
α
( II0> ) - 1 start at the latest when the measurd current
exceeds 1.3 times the set sarting value, when the
time/current characteristic is normal inverse,
where, very inverse or extremely inverse. When the
t = operate time in seconds characteristic is long time inverse, the normal
k = time multiplier range accordance to the standards is 2...7 times
I = measured current the set starting value and the relay must start
I0> = set start current when the current exceeds 1.1 times the set
starting value.
The relay module includes four standard curve
groups. The desired curve group is selected with The following requirements regarding toler-
switch SG1/7and SG1/8, see chapter "Selector ances of the operation time are specified in the
switches". standard (E denotes accuracy in percent, - = not
specified):

I/I0> Normal inverse Very inverse Extremely inverse Long time inverse

2 2,22 E 2,34 E 2,44 E 2,34 E

5 1,13 E 1,26 E 1,48 E 1,26 E
7 - - - 1,00 E
10 1,01 E 1,01 E 1,02 E -
20 1,00 E 1,00 E 1,00 E -

The accuracy of the operation time of the in- Note.

verse time curves of the neutral current stage of The actual operate time of the relay, presented
the relay module SPCJ 2C30 comply with the in the graphs in Fig. 3…6, includes an addi-
tolerances of class 5. tional filter and detection time plus the operate
time of the trip output relay. When the operate
The standardi inverse time curve groups are time of the relay is calculated using the math-
shown in Figs. 5, 6, 7 and 8. ematical expression above, these additional times
of about 30 ms in total have to be added to the
time received.

11
Time/current
characteristic of
the combined t/s
differential current 70
and neutral current 60
module SPCJ 2C30 50

40

30

20

10
9
8
7
6
5

1
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6

0.5

0.4

0.3
k

0.2 1.0

0.8

0.6

0.1 0.4
0.09
0.08 0.3
0.07
0.2
0.06
0.05
0.1
0.04
0.05
0.03

0.02
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 20 I/I>

Fig. 5. Extremely inverse characteristic

I = measured current
I0> = set start current
t = operate time
k = time multiplier

12
 t/s
70
60
50

40

30

20

10
9
8
7
6
5

1
0.9
0.8 k
0.7 1.0
0.9
0.6
0.8
0.5 0.7
0.6
0.4
0.5
0.3 0.4

0.3
0.2

0.2

0.1
0.09 0.1
0.08
0.07
0.06
0.05
0.05

0.04

0.03

0.02
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 20 I/I>

Fig. 6. Very inverse characteristic

I = measured current
I0 > = set start current
t = operate time
k = time multiplier

13
 t/s
70
60
50

40

30

20

10
9
8
7
6
5

3 k

1.0
2 0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
1
0.9 0.4
0.8
0.7 0.3
0.6
0.5
0.2
0.4

0.3

0.1
0.2

0.05

0.1
0.09
0.08
0.07
0.06

0.05

0.04

0.03

0.02
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 20 I/I>

Fig. 7. Normal inverse characteristic

I = measured current
I0> = set start current
t = operate time
k = time multiplier

14
 t/s
700
600
500

400

300

200

100
90
80
70
60
50

40

30

20

10
9
8
k
7
1.0
6 0.9
5 0.8
0.7
4
0.6
0.5
3
0.4

2
0.3

0.2

1
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.1
0.6
0.5

0.4
0.05
0.3

0.2
I/I>
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 20

Fig. 8. Long time inverse characteristic

I = measured current
I0> = set start current
t = operate time
k = time multiplier

15
Technical data Differential current stage ∆I0>
Start current 0.5…5% x In
Fixed operate time, typ. 35 ms
Reset time, typ. 60 ms
Reset ratio, typ. 0.97
Operate time accuracy ±25 ms
Operation accuracy
- within the setting range 0.5…1.5% x In ±5% of the set value
- within the setting range 1.5…5% x In ±3% of the set value

Neutral current stage I0>

Start current 5...40% x In
Start time, typ. 60 ms
Operate time t0>, at definite time characteristic 0.1...1.00 s, 1...10 s or 10…100 s
Time/current curves at inverse time characteristic Extremely inverse
Very inverse
Normal inverse
Long time inverse
Time multiplier k 0.1…1.0
Reset time, typ. 60 ms
Reset ratio, typ. 0.96
Operate time accuracy at definite time characteristic ±2% of the set value ± 25 ms
Operate time accuracy class index E
at inverse time characteristic 5
Operation accuracy ±3% of the set value

16
Event codes A substation level communication device can The event mask is formed by multiplying the
read event messages via the SPA bus from the above numbers by 0, event not included in
combined differential current and neutral cur- reporting or 1, event included in reporting and
rent relay module SPCJ 2C30. On request the by adding the numbers received.
module transmits its event messages in the form;
time (ss.sss) and event code. The event codes of The event mask may have a value within the
the module are E1…E6, E50 and E51. The range 0…255. The factory set default value is
communication device may also form event mes- 21, that is all the sart and operate events are, on
sages related to the data communication system. request, tranmitted to the communication
device,but the resettings are not transmitted.
The events represented by the codes E1...E6 can The events represented by the codes E50…E54
be included or excluded from the event report- cannot be excluded from the reporting.
ing. This is done via the SPA bus by writing a so
called event mask (V155) to the relay module. The event codes of the combined differential
The event mask is a binary number coded to a current and neutral current relay module SPCJ
decimal number.The even codes E1…E6 corre- 2C30 :
spond with the weighting factors 1, 2, 4…32.

Code Event Weighting Factory

factor default

E3 Stage ∆I0> has operated 1 1

E4 Stage ∆I0> has reset after operation 2 0
E5 Stage I0> has started 4 1
E6 Stage I0> has reset after starting 8 0
E7 Stage I0> has operated 16 1
E8 Stage I0> has reset after operation 32 0
E50 Restarting * -
E51 Overflow of event register * -
E52 Temporary data communication disturbance * -
E53 No response from the relay module over the bus * -
E54 Relay module responds again over the bus * -

0 not included in the event reporting NB!

1 included in the event reporting In the SPACOM system the events E52…E54
* no weighting factor are generated by the substation level communi-
- not programmable cation device, for instance, type SRIO 1000M.

Remote transfer In addition to the event data transfer the SPA altered by commands given over the SPA bus.
data bus allows reading of all input data (I data) of the All the data are available in channel 0.
module, setting values (S data), information
recorded in the memory (V data), and some R = data that can be read from the module
other data. Further, part of the data can be W = data that can be written to the module

Data Code Data Value or function

direction

Measured neutral current I0 I1 R 0…999% x In

Measured differential current ∆I0 I2 R 0…62.5% x In
999, if ∆I0 > 62.5% x In
Blocking of the operation of stage ∆I0> I3 R 0 = no blocking
1 = stage ∆I0> blocked
Blocking of the operation of stage I0> I4 R 0 = no blocking
1 = stage I0> blocked

17
 Data Code Data Value or function
direction

Operation of stage ∆I0> O1 R 0 = stage ∆I0> not operated

1 = stage ∆I0> operated
Starting of stage I0> O2 R 0 = stage I0> not started
1 = stage I0> started
Operation of stage I0> O3 R 0 = stage I0> not operated
1 = stage I0> operated
Enforced start current of stage ∆I0> S1 R 0.5…5% x In
Enforced start current of stage I0> S2 R 5…40% x In
Enforced operate time t0> or S3 R 0.10…100 s or
time multiplier of stage I0> 0.1…1.0
Enforced checksum of switchgroup SG1 S4 R 0...255

Start current of stage ∆I0>, S11 R 0.5…5% x In

set with the setting knob
Start current of stage I0>, S12 R 5…40% x In
set with the setting knob
Operate time t0> or time multiplier k, S13 R 0.10…100 s or
set with the setting knob 0.1…1.0
Checksum of switchgroup SG1, S14 R 0…255
set with the switches
Start current of stage ∆I0>, S21 R,W 0…999%
remotely set percentage
Start current of stage I0>, S22 R,W 0…999%
remotely set percentage
Operate time t0> or time multiplier k, S23 R,W 0…999%
remotely set percentage
Checksum of switchgroup SG1, S24 R,W 0…255
remotely set checksum

Start current of stage ∆I0>, S31 R 0.5…5% x In

executed second setting
Start current of stage I0>, S32 R 5…40% x In
executed second setting
Operate time t0> or time multiplier k, S33 R 0.10…100 s or
executed second setting 0.1…1.0
Checksum of switchgroup SG1, S34 R 0…255
second setting
Maximum measured differential current V1 R 0…62.5% x In
or differential current at opertion 999, if ∆I0 > 62.5% x In
Maximum measured neutral current V2 R 0…999% x In
or neutral current at opertion
Number of operations of stage ∆I0> V3 R 0…255
Number of starts of stage I0> V4 R 0…255
Duration of the last start situation V5 R 0…100%
of satge I0>
Remote resetting of the operation V101 W 1 = resetting of output relays
indicators and indicators
Remote resetting of output relays and V102 W 1 = resetting of output relays
indicators and erasing of recoded data and indicators, erasig of
recoreded data
(codes V1...V5)

18
Data Code Data Value or function
direction

Remote selection of settings V150 R,W 0 = potentiometersettings

S11…S14 enforced
1 = remote settings S31…S34
enforced
Event maskfor the reporting V155 R,W 0…63, see chaper "Event codes"
Operation principle of the start and V156 R,W 0…14, see chaper " Selector
switches"
Opening of password for remote setting V160 W 1…999
Changing or closing of password for V161 W 0…999
remote setting

Activation of the self-supervision system V165 W 1 = self-supervision output is

activated and IRF indicator
switched on in about 5 s,
whereafter the self-super-vision
system and the IRF indicator reset

Address code of the relay module V200 W 1...254

Software version V205 R e.g. 091 A

Relay module type designation F R SPCJ 2C30
Reading of event register L R time, channel number and
event code
Re-reading of event register B R time, channel number and
event code
Reading of relay module status dat C R 0 = normal status
1 = module has been subject
to automatic reset
2 = overflow of event register
3 = events 1 and 2 together
Resetting of module status data C W 0 = resetting
Clock time reading and setting T R,W 00.000...59.999 s

The data transfer codes L, B, C and T have been plied by the set values given with the setting
reserved for the event data transfer between the knobs. The settings S21...S24 can be both read
relay module and the substation level communi- and written. A condition for writing is that the
cation device. password, V160, for remote setting has been
opened and the potentiometer settings are
The event register can be read only once by the alerted, V150=0. The variables S31...S34 con-
L command. Should a fault occur, for instance, tain the actual remotely set values
in the data transfer, it is possible, by using the B
command, to re-read the contents of the event The remote setting percentage of variables
register once read by means of the L command. S21...S23 can be given a percentage value within
When required the B command can be re- the range 0...999. This means that certain pa-
peated. Normally the event register is empty. rameters can be given set values outside the
limits of the specified setting range. However,
Parameters S1...S4 contain the enforced set proper operation of the relay is guaranteed only
values currently used by the relay module. These for set values within the limits of the setting
values may originally have been set by means of range specified in section "Technical data".
the setting knobs and selector switches or by
remote control. The main settings S11...S14 are When the self-supervision system is activated
given with the setting knobs and the selector (V165) the operation of the relay module is
switches of the relay module. The values blocked and the IRF indicator is lit.
S21...S24 are percentage factors to be multi-

19
Fault codes Shortly after the self-supervision system has and a green, one-, two- or three-digit code
detected a permanent internal fault the red fault number. It is recommended that the fault code
indicator IRF on the relay module front panel is number is noted down and passed forward to
lit. At the same time the self-supervision system the service shop when overhaul and repair of a
generates a control signal to the output relay of faulty relay module is ordered.
the self-supervision system. Further, in most
fault situations a self-diagnostic fault code is The combined differential current and neutral
shown on the display of the relay module. The current relay module SPCJ 2C30 displays the
fault code is composed of a red figure one (1) following fault codes:

Fault code Fault description

4 Trip relay control circuit broken or trip relay board missing

30 Faulty program memory (ROM)
50 Faulty work memory (RAM)
195 Too low a value on reference channel, factor 1
131 Too low a value on reference channel, factor 5
67 Too low a value on reference channel, factor 25
203 Too high a value on reference channel, factor 1
139 Too high a value on reference channel, factor 5
75 Too high a value on reference channel, factor 25
253 No interruptions from the A/D converter

20
General characteristics of
C-type relay modules
User´s manual and Technical description

B
I >
I >>

I L1 I L2 I L3 IRF
Self-supervision alarm indicator
Indicators for measured values (Internal Relay Fault)

Display, 1 + 3 digits
STEP 1.5
I>
Setting knob 1 In STEP
with indicator 0.5 2.5
Step push-button (STEP)
Stage 1 0.5
t > [ s] SG1
Setting knob 2 k
1
with indicator 0.05 1.0 2
3
4
5
Programming switches SG1
13 6
7
I >>
Setting knob 3 20 8
In
with indicator 2.5
0 1
Switchgroup indicator
RESET
Stage 2
0.5
Reset push-button (RESET)
Setting knob 4 t >> [ s ]
with indicator 0.04 1.0
I> I >>

Start/operation indicators
1309

SPCJ 3C3
1MRS 750328-MUM EN
General characteristics of
Issued 96-02-19
Version A (replaces 34 SPC 2 EN1)
Checked L-W U
C-type relay modules
Approved TK

Data subject to change without notice

Contents Push-buttons .................................................................................................................. 2

Programming switches SG1 ............................................................................................ 2
Setting knobs .................................................................................................................. 3
Display ........................................................................................................................... 3
Display main menu ................................................................................................... 3
Display submenu ....................................................................................................... 4
Setting mode ............................................................................................................. 4
Example: Operation in setting mode ......................................................................... 5
Stored information .................................................................................................... 6
Trip-test mode........................................................................................................... 7
Example: Trip-test function ...................................................................................... 8
Operation indicators ....................................................................................................... 9
Fault codes...................................................................................................................... 9

Push-buttons The front panel of the relay module contains settings, e.g. for setting the address of the relay
two push-buttons. The STEP button is used for module and the data transfer rate for the serial
stepping forward in the display and the RESET communication when the modules are used in
button for resetting the red indicators. Addi- relay packages provided with this quality. (See
tionally, the push-buttons are used for certain section Display).

Programming Part of the settings and the selections of the checksum of the switchgroup is shown on the
switches SG1 operating characteristics for the relay modules display. The checksum can be used for checking
in various applications are made with the pro- that the switches are properly set. Fig. 2 gives an
gramming switches SG1 on the front panel. The example of calculating the checksum.
indicator of the switchgroup glows when the

Fig. 2. Example of calculating the checksum of programming switchgroup SG1.

When the checksum calculated according to the The function of the programming switches of
example is equal to the checksum indicated on the individual measuring relay modules is speci-
the display of the relay module, the switches are fied in the description of the module concerned.
properly set.

2
Setting knobs Most of the operating values and operating In addition to the settings made with the setting
times are set by means of the setting knobs on knobs, most modules allow so called remote
the front panel of the relay module. Each setting setting. This means that the settings made by
knob has its own (LED) indicator which glows means of the setting knobs of the module and
when the concerned setting value is shown on the checksum of the programming switchgroup
the display. may be altered through an instruction over the
serial communication bus. Remote setting is
If a setting knob is turned while the display is possible if the password in the register A is
showing another measured or set value, the known, and the remote settings are not acti-
value being set automatically appears on the vated, i.e. parameter V150=0. The circumstance
display. Simultaneously, the indicator for the that the remote settings are activated is shown
concerned setting starts glowing. with a flashing light of the indicator of the
setting knob, the value of which currently is
being displayed.

Display The measured and set values as well as the data When the auxiliary voltage is connected to a
recorded are shown on the display of the meas- measuring relay module, the module initially
uring relay module. The display consists of four tests the display by stepping through the digits
digits. The three digits (green) to the right 1...9 for about 15 seconds. When the test is
indicate the measured, set or stored value and finished the display turns dark. The testing can
the digit at the extreme left (red) the number of be interrupted by pressing the STEP button.
the register. The measured or set value displayed The protective functions of the module are
is indicated by a yellow LED indicator. The operative throughout the testing.
number of the register glows only when a stored
value is displayed.

Display main menu All the data required during normal operating From a dark display only forward movement is
conditions are accessible from the main menu possible. When keeping the STEP button de-
which presents the measured values in real-time, pressed, the display is continuously moving in
the normal setting knob settings as well as the forward direction stopping for a while at the
most important memorized data. dark point.

The data to be shown in the main menu are Unless the display is switched off by stepping to
selected to the display in a certain sequence by the dark point, it remains activated for about 5
means of the STEP button. When pressing the minutes from the last pressing of the STEP
STEP button for about one second, the display button and then goes out.
moves forward in the display sequence. When
pressing it for about 0.5 seconds, the display
moves backwards in the display sequence.

3
Display submenu Less important values and values not very often display moves forward when pressing the STEP
set are displayed in the submenus. The number button for one second and backward when
of submenus varies with different relay module pressing it for 0.5 seconds. The return to the
types. The submenus are presented in the de- main menu has taken place when the red STEP
scription of the concerned module. display turns dark.

A submenu is entered from the main menu by When entering a submenu from a measured or
pressing the RESET button for about one sec- set value indicated by a LED indicator, the
ond. When the button thereafter is released, the indicator remains glowing and the address win-
red digit (STEP) of the display starts flashing, dow (STEP) of the display starts flashing. A
indicating that one is in a submenu. Going from flashing address window when no LED indica-
one submenu to another or back to the main tor is lit indicates that the submenu of a register
menu follows the same principle as when mov- has been entered.
ing from the main menu display to another; the

Fig. 3. Example of the main and submenus for the settings of the overcurrent relay module SPCJ
3C3. The settings made with the setting knobs are in the main menu and they are displayed by
pressing the STEP button. In addition to the setting knob settings the main menu contains the
measured current values as well as the registers 1…5, as well as 0 and A. The remote setting
percentage and remote setting value are located in the submenus for the settings and are activated
on the display by pressing the RESET button.

Setting mode The registers of the main menu and the submenus pressed slightly in excess of the STEP button.
also contain parameters to be set. The settings Return from the setting mode to the main menu
are made in the so called setting mode, which is or submenu is possible by pressing (for about 10
accessible from the main menu or a submenu by s) the RESET button until the green digits on
pressing the RESET button, until the digit at the display stop flashing. If the module is left in
the extreme right starts flashing (about 10 s). the setting mode, it will return automatically to
The flashing digit is set by means of the STEP the start condition after about 5 minutes.
button. The flashing is moved on from digit to
digit by pressing the RESET button. The values to be set in the setting mode are for
instance the address code of the relay module
A set value is stored in the memory by pressing and the data transfer rate for the serial commu-
the push-buttons STEP and RESET simultane- nication. Further the percentage values for the
ously. In practice the RESET button must be remote settings can be changed.

4
Example 1: Function in the setting mode. Manual setting of g)
the address code of a relay module and the data Set the digit by means of the STEP button.
transfer rate for the serial communication. The
initial value for the address code is 146.

a)
Press push-button STEP until register address A
appears on the display. h)
Store the set address number in the memory of
the relay module by pressing the RESET and
STEP button simultaneously. At the moment
the information enters the memory, the three
green dashes flash in the display, i.e. A—.

b)
Press the RESET button for about 10 s until the
right most digit starts flashing.

i)
Leave the setting mode by pressing the RESET
button for about 10 s, until the display stops
flashing.
c)
Press the STEP button repeatedly to set the digit
to the value desired.

j)
Then enter submenu 1 of register A by pressing
the RESET button for approx. one second. The
d) register address A is then replaced by a flashing
Press the RESET button to make the middle of 1. This submenu is used for setting the data
the green digits flash. transfer rate of the serial communication.

e) k)
Set the middle address digit by means of the The data transfer rate for the serial communica-
STEP button. tion is set and stored in the same way as the
address, see sections b...i, except that the con-
tinuously glowing register address has been re-
placed by a flashing 1.

l)
After storing the data transfer rate for the serial
f) communication you may return to the main
Press the RESET button to make the left most menu of register A by pressing the STEP button
green digit flash. for about 0.5 second.

5
Stored information The parameter values measured at the moment Register A contains the address code of the relay
when a fault occurs are recorded in the registers, module as required by the serial communication
in some modules also the setting values. The system. Example 1 on page 4 shows how the
recorded data, except for some setting param- address code is altered. Submenu 1 of register A
eters, are set to zero by pressing the push- contains the data transfer rate value expressed in
buttons STEP and RESET simul-taneously. kilobaud for the serial communication.
The data in normal registers are erased if the
auxiliary voltage supply to the relay is disrupted, Submenu 2 of register A contains a bus traffic
only the set values and the number of monitor for the SPACOM system. If the protec-
autoreclosings are maintained in the registers at tive relay, which contains the relay module, is
a voltage failure. linked to a system including the control data
communicator and the data communication
The number of the registers varies with different system is operating, the counter reading of the
module types. The function of the registers are monitor will be zero. Otherwise the digits 1...255
illustrated in the descriptions of the separate are continuously rolling in the monitor.
relay modules. Additionally, the system panel
contains a simplified list of the data recorded by Submenu 3 contains the password required for
the various relay modules of the relay assembly. changing the remote settings. The address code,
the data transfer rate for the serial communica-
All C-type relay modules are provided with two tion and the password can be set manually or via
general registers: register 0 and register A. the serial communication bus. For manual set-
ting see example 1.
Register 0 contains, in coded form, the informa-
tion about e.g. external blocking signals and The start value for the address code and the
status information for the circuit breaker. The password is 001 and that for the data transfer
codes are explained in the descriptions of the rate 9.6 kilobaud.
relay modules.

6
Trip-test mode Register 0 also allows access to the so called The selected starting or tripping is activated by
Trip-test function, which allows the output simultaneous pressing of the push-buttons STEP
signals of the relay module to be activated one by and RESET. The signal remains activated as
one. If the auxiliary relay module of the protec- long as the two push-buttons are being pressed.
tion assembly is in place, the auxiliary relays will
be included in the testing. The self-supervision output is activated by press-
ing the STEP button once when no setting knob
When pressing the RESET button for about 10 indicator is flashing. The IRF output is acti-
seconds, the three green digits to the right start vated in about 5 seconds after pressing of the
flashing to indicate that the relay module is in STEP button, and resets after that. Simultane-
test position. The indicators of the setting knobs ously, the display returns to the main menu and
indicate by flashing which output signal can be performs the initial testing indicated by rolling
activated. The required output function is se- digits 0...9 in the display several times.
lected by pressing the RESET button for about
1 second, until the following LED indicator The signals are selected in the order illustrated in
starts flashing. fig. 4.

The indicators of the setting knobs refer to the

following output signals:
Setting knob 1 SS1 Starting of stage 1
Setting knob 2 TS1 Tripping of stage 1
Setting knob 3 SS2 Starting of stage 2
Setting knob 4 TS2 Tripping of stage 2
No indication IRF Self-supervision

IRF SS1 TS1 SS2 TS2

REGISTER 0
RESET RESET RESET RESET RESET RESET
10 s 1s 1s 1s 1s 1s

STEP STEP+ STEP+ STEP+ STEP+

RESET RESET RESET RESET

Fig. 4. Sequence order for selecting the output signals in the Trip-test mode.

If e.g. the indicator of the setting knob 2 (second Trip-test sequence scheme, by pressing the
from the top) is flashing, and the push-buttons RESET button for about 10 seconds. If the
STEP and RESET are being pressed, the signal module is left in the Trip-test mode, it will
TS1 (tripping of stage 1) is activated. Return to return automatically after approx. 5 minutes.
the main menu is possible at any stage of the

7
Example 2: Trip-test function. Forced activation of the out- d)
puts is made as follows: Press the RESET button for about 1 second
until the indicator of the second setting knob
starts flashing.
a)
Step forward on the display to register 0.

e)
Press the push-buttons RESET and STEP si-
multaneously to activate tripping of stage 1 (e.g.
b) the I>-stage of the overcurrent module SPCJ
Press the RESET button for about 10 seconds 3C3). The indicator of the concerned stage
until the three green digits to the right and the starts glowing red.
LED indicator of the uppermost setting knob
start flashing.

f)
Starting and tripping of the second stage is
c) activated in the same way as stage 1. The indica-
Press the push-buttons RESET and STEP si- tor of the third or fourth setting starts flashing to
multaneously. Then the starting of stage 1 (e.g. indicate that the concerned stage has been acti-
the I>-stage of the overcurrent module SPCJ vated.
3C3) is activated and, simultaneously, the indi-
cator of the stage starts glowing yellow. g)
To activate the self-supervision output step to-
wards the test position, where no indicator is
flashing. Press the STEP button once. In about
5 seconds the red IRF indicator starts glowing
and the IRF output is activated. Shortly thereaf-
ter the indicator goes out and the output auto-
matically resets. At the same time the module
leaves the test position.

h)
It is possible to leave the trip test mode at any
step of the sequence scheme by pressing the
RESET button for about 10 seconds until the
three digits to the right stop flashing.

8
Operation A measuring relay module is provided with two The operation indicator starts glowing yellow
indicators separate operating stages, each of which with its when the operating stage starts and red when a
own yellow/red operation indicator on the lower delayed tripping operates. The functions of the
part of the front plate of the relay module. start and operation indicators are described in
detail in the different protection relay module
manuals.

Fault codes In addition to the protective functions the relay In most fault situations a fault code, indicating
module is provided with a self-supervision sys- the nature of the fault, appears on the display of
tem which continuously supervises the function the module. The fault code, which consists of a
of the microprocessor, its program execution red digit (1) and a three digit green code number,
and the electronics. cannot be removed from the display by reset-
ting. When a fault occurs, the fault code should
When the self-supervision system has detected a be recorded and stated when service is ordered.
permanent fault in the relay module, the red
IRF indicator on the panel starts glowing soon
after the fault was discovered. At the same time
the module puts forward a signal to the self-
supervision contact of the relay assembly.

9
 1MRS 750658-MUM EN

ABB Oy
Substation Automation
P.O.Box 699
FIN-65101 VAASA
Finland
Tel. +358 (0)10 22 11
Fax.+358 (0)10 22 41094
www.abb.com/substationautomation