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Lecture 9 PDF

Filtration is a solid-liquid separation process used to recover products from fermentation broth. There are two main resistances to flow during filtration - resistance of the filter medium and resistance of the filter cake that builds up. The specific cake resistance, compressibility of the cake, and pressure differential determine the filtration rate based on Poiseuille's Law. Flocculation can increase particle size and sedimentation rate to improve filtration. Mechanisms of flocculation include particle bridging and charge neutralization. An example process recovers over 99% of 5000 kg of penicillin G from a 200 m3 fermentation batch through rotary filtration, extraction, centrifugation, and drying steps.

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Vignesh Raja P
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100 views6 pages

Lecture 9 PDF

Filtration is a solid-liquid separation process used to recover products from fermentation broth. There are two main resistances to flow during filtration - resistance of the filter medium and resistance of the filter cake that builds up. The specific cake resistance, compressibility of the cake, and pressure differential determine the filtration rate based on Poiseuille's Law. Flocculation can increase particle size and sedimentation rate to improve filtration. Mechanisms of flocculation include particle bridging and charge neutralization. An example process recovers over 99% of 5000 kg of penicillin G from a 200 m3 fermentation batch through rotary filtration, extraction, centrifugation, and drying steps.

Uploaded by

Vignesh Raja P
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SOLID-LIQUID

SEPARATION:
FILTRATION

Charles L. Cooney
Downstream
Processing Course
FILTRATION THEORY
Poiseulle’s Law
1 dV ∆P
=
A dt µ ( R m + Rc )

Filtration Rate
Broth Resistance to Flow
Viscosity

Cake Resistance V=filtrate volume


αW A=Filter area
Rm = t=Time
∆P=Pressure Driving Force
A µ=Broth viscosity
Specific Cake Resistance W=Mass of filter cake
R=Resistance
α = α ' ∆P S
α=Specific cake resistance
S=Compressability factor
The filter resistance is much
less than the cake resistance
Rc<<Rm

1 dV ∆P
= α ' ∆P S W
A dt µ( A )

When the filter cake is incompressible, S=0


1 dV ∆P
= α' W
A dt µ( A )

When the filter cake is very compressible, S=1.0


1 dV 1
= α' W
A dt µ( A )
Flocculation of Cells
Sedimentation Rate

d p ( ρp − ρs )
2

VS = gc
18µ
Filtration Rate

dV k∆P
= 2
dt VS 0
S0=K’(1/Dp)2

S02 = K’’/Dp4

4
dV k0 ∆PD
=
p

dt V
Mechanism of
Flocculation
• Particle bridging
• Charge neutralization
• Charge patch
neutralization
Net Force Force Magnitude

- - - -
1. Repulsion F1 F2 (1-x1)(1-x2)

- ++ - + -
2. Attraction F1 F2 x1(1-x2)

3. Attraction - ++ - - +
F1 F2 (1-x1)x2

4. Repulsion - ++ ++ - + +
F1 F2 x1x2
K1 K2 Langmuir Isotherm
N S
+ x= =
Species 1 Species 2 Na K+S
Divalent Ion

Figure by MIT OCW.


Recovery of Penicillin G
from 200 m3 Fermentation
Broth Penicillin G 5000 kg
Flocculants
200 m3 batch Biomass 6000 kg dry wt

Rotary Filter Biomass disposal 98%


30 m2x2

Penicillin (5990 kg) + solvent

Extraction 97%

Penicillin (5760 kg) + solvent


Penicillin G recovery 96%
Potassium Acetate
Penicillin G K+
salt (5350 kg)

Acetone Wash Centrifugation 99.8%

Penicillin G K+ salt (5340 kg)

Vacuum Dry 99.4%

Penicillin G K+ salt Penicillin G K+


salt recovery 99.2%
(5300 kg)

Figure by MIT OCW.

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