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Aloe Vera Ultra Moisturizing Soap: Macaila Kathleen P. Flores, Jesseca T. Goddard

This document describes the process of making an aloe vera ultra moisturizing soap. It provides background on the history of soap making and the properties of oils used. The method involves mixing olive oil, vegetable oil, aloe vera gel and sodium hydroxide, then adding scent and molding. Several trials were needed to get the right consistency, as too little or too much sodium hydroxide resulted in a soap that was too soft or brittle. The fourth trial with proper amounts of ingredients and no colorant produced an effective moisturizing soap.

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Camille Wu
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108 views

Aloe Vera Ultra Moisturizing Soap: Macaila Kathleen P. Flores, Jesseca T. Goddard

This document describes the process of making an aloe vera ultra moisturizing soap. It provides background on the history of soap making and the properties of oils used. The method involves mixing olive oil, vegetable oil, aloe vera gel and sodium hydroxide, then adding scent and molding. Several trials were needed to get the right consistency, as too little or too much sodium hydroxide resulted in a soap that was too soft or brittle. The fourth trial with proper amounts of ingredients and no colorant produced an effective moisturizing soap.

Uploaded by

Camille Wu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Our Lady of Fatima University, College of Pharmacy – Pharmaceutical Manufacturing (PHM325)

Aloe Vera Ultra Moisturizing Soap


Macaila Kathleen P. Flores, Jesseca T. Goddard

INTRODUCTION manufacture and was used medicinally for at least


Aloe vera is a thick, short-stemmed plant that 5000 years.
stores water in its leaves. It is widely used in the The Ebers papyrus (Egypt, 1550 BC) reveals that the
cosmetic, pharmaceutical and food industries. ancient Egyptians mixed animal and vegetable oils
Aloe vera is well recognized by its thick, pointed with alkaline salts to produce a soap-like
and fleshy green leaves, which can grow to about substance.
12-19 inches (30-50 cm) in length. Each leaf is full According the Pliny the Elder, the Phoenicians used
of a slimy tissue that stores water, which makes the goat's tallow and wood ashes to create soap in
leaves thick. This slimy, water-filled tissue is the 600BC. Early Romans made soaps in the first
“gel” we associate with Aloe vera products. The gel century A.D. from urine and soap was widely
contains most of the bioactive compounds in the known in the Roman Empire
plant, including vitamins, minerals, amino acids and
The Celts made their soap from animal fat and
antioxidants. It is long known as treatment of
plant ashes and they named the product saipo,
burns, including sunburns. Aloe vera latex has a
from which the word soap is derived.
strong laxative effects, making it useful to treat
constipation but it doesn’t appear to be beneficial Soap making history goes back many thousands
for other diseases of the digestive tract. years. The most basic supplies for soap making
were those taken from animal and nature; many
Aloe vera is the most widely used herbal remedies
people made soap by mixing animal fats with lye.
for topical skin conditions. It can also be used for
Today, soap is produce from fats and an alkali. The
small abrasions for quick relief from pain and
cold process method is the most popular soap
burning sensations.
making process today, while some soap makers use
It is also used for dry skins, aloe vera gel absorbs the historical hot process.
easily, making it ideal for oily skin. The moisturizing
What is ‘Oil’?
effects of aloe vera can help alleviate dry, itchy skin
associated with eczema, aloe gel may also help Oils are organic compounds, which find uses as raw
alleviate seborrheic dermatitis. While this oily form materials in many cosmetic and toiletry products.
of eczema is most often found in the scalp, it can In general, these compounds are high molecular
also affect parts of the face and behind ears too. weight esters derived from long chain fatty acids¹.
‘Fats’ and ‘Oils’ are tri esters of fatty acids with
glycerol, and are found naturally in plants. Most
History of soap making importantly though; oils are a key ingredient in
An excavation of ancient Babylon revealed what we do – making soap!
evidence that Babylonians were making soap
around 2800 B.C. Babylonians were the first one to
Saponification
master the art of soap making. They made soap
from fats boiled with ashes. Soap was used in Oils are an extremely important component of the
cleaning wool and cotton used in textile soap making process, and without oil (or fatty acids
of oils) the saponification reaction can’t take place.
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Our Lady of Fatima University, College of Pharmacy – Pharmaceutical Manufacturing (PHM325)

Saponification is the reaction from mixing these oils  Place 500 ml of olive oil and 500 vegetable
with an alkaline base - commonly this is Sodium oil and 50g aloe vera in a beaker
Hydroxide (NaOH) or Potassium Hydroxide (KOH).  Mix the oil and add NaOH gradually
 Add colorant and continue mixing until you
reached the desired consistency
Properties of Oils  Then add lavender scent and mix it some
The properties of the fats and oils are determined more.
by the fatty acids of which they are made up of.  Place it in the mold and let it sit overnight
These fatty acids can be ‘Saturated’ or  Place it on an appropriate packaging
‘Unsaturated’ and each fatty acid (or oil) has
different properties and benefits that contribute to RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
the finished product.
On the first trial, the soap is too soft because of the
If it is liquid at room temperature it is referred to as inadequate amount of NaOH. We only added 10g
‘Oil’, and if it is a solid at room temperature it is of Naoh to a liter of oils.
referred to as a ‘Fat’. Saturated oils or fatty acids
Second trial, we added 20g of Naoh same amount
tend to be solid at room temperature, such as
of oils and aloe vera on the first trial and
Coconut Oil and Palm Oil. These types of oils
transferred to a different mold. But the Naoh is still
contain Lauric Acid, Myristic Acid, Palmitic Acid and
not enough to pair with the oil molecules and did
Stearic Acid. They are likely to make a harder and
not harden enough, instead it became brittle.
higher-lather cleansing soap bar.
On the third trial, we added 100g of Naoh on the
Unsaturated fatty acids or oils tend to be liquid at
same amount of oils and and aloe vera. But we
room temperature and have a lower melting point
added the essential on the very last part of the
than saturated fatty acids. These oils include Olive
mixture and did not stir enough. The soap hardens
Oil and Sunflower Oil.. The unsaturated fatty acids
but the color became orange instead of pink.
that are present to a high degree in these oils are
Oleic and Linoleic Acid which contributes to a Fourth and final trial, we we did the same process
softer finished product. and the same amount of oils and aloe vera as the
third trial but we did not put any colorant.

MATERIALS AND METHODS


The following ingredients are prepared for the soap
making:
50 g aloe vera REFERENCE
500 ml olive oil  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/3
18591#antioxidant-and-antibacterial-properties
500 vegetable oil
 https://www.healthline.com/health/beauty-
100 g NaOH skin-care/aloe-vera-for-face
30 drops lavender scent  http://www.soaphistory.net/

Soap making process:


 Dissolve 100 g NaOH in 200 ml distilled
water

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