GROUP 2 OPERATIONAL CHECKS AND TROUBLESHOOTING

1. OPERATIONAL CHECKS
This procedure is designed so the mechanic can make a quick check of the system using a minimum
amount of diagnostic equipment. If you need additional information, read structure and function,
Group 1.
A location will be required which is level and has adequate space to complete the checks.
The engine and all other major components must be at operating temperature for some checks.
Locate system check in the left column and read completely, following the sequence from left to right.
Read each check completely before performing.
At the end of each check, if no problem is found (OK), that check is complete or an additional check is
needed. If problem is indicated (NOT OK), you will be given repair required and group location.
If verification is needed, you will be given next best source of information:

·Chapter 2 : Troubleshooting
·Group 3 : Tests and adjustments

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※ Hydraulic oil must be at operating temperature for these checks (refer to page 6-48).

Item Description Service action

Hydraulic system warm-up Hold a hydraulic function over OK
procedure relief to heat oil. (don't keep relief Check completed.
condition over 5 seconds at a time)
Run engine at high idle.
Refer to page 6-49. Periodically cycle all hydraulic
functions to distribute warm oil.
Repeat procedure until oil is at
operating temperature.
FEEL : Hydraulic reservoir must be
uncomfortable to hold your hand
against.
(approximately 40 ~50˚C)
Hydraulic pump With bucket flat on ground, actuate OK
performance check boom raise. Time how long it takes Check completed.
to raise boom to full height.
Heat hydraulic oil to NOT OK
operating temperature. LOOK : Boom must raise to full Go to priority valve (in
Run engine at high idle. height in less than 7 seconds. steer ing valve) high
pressure check at page
5-28.
IF OK
Do steering system
leakage check at page
5-27.
IF OK
Do main hydraulic pump
flow test at page 6-49.
Control valve lift check With bucket partially dumped, OK
Run machine at low idle. lower boom to raise front of Check complete.
machine.
NOT OK
Slowly move boom control lever Repair lift checks in loader
( R C V l eve r ) t o b o o m l owe r control valve.
position.
Slowly move bucket control lever
to bucket dump position.
LOOK : Boom must not raise
before moving down.
Bucket must not rollback before
dumping.

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 Item Description Service action
Bucket rollback circuit relief Position bucket at a 45˚ angle OK
valve check against an immovable object. Check complete.
Engage transmission in 3rd speed NOT OK
forward. Replace boom lower
check valve.
LOOK : Bucket angle must not
change.
Bucket dump circuit relief Raise front of machine which OK
valve low pressure check bucket at 45˚ angle. Go to next check.
Backdrag with bucket while NOT OK
observing bucket angle. Do loader system and
circuit relief valve test at
LOOK : Bucket must not rollback
page 6-50.
Pilot control valve float With the bucket partially dumped, OK
check lower boom to raise front of Check complete.
machine.
Run engine at low idle. NOT OK
Push control lever to the float
Do pilot control valve
detent position and release lever.
pressure test in group 3.
LOOK : Front of machine lower to
the ground and valve must remain
in float position when lever is
released.

Boom cylinder and S e t t h e b o o m a n d b u c k e t OK

bucket cylinder drift horizontal, then stop the engine. Check complete.
check
S t o p t h e e n g i n e, wa i t fo r 5 NOT OK
Heat hydraulic oil to minutes, then start measuring. Go to next check.
operating temperature. B
Measure the amount the lift and
dump cylinder rods retract during
A 15 minutes. (unloaded bucket)
A : Retraction of boom cylinder
rod
B : Retraction of bucket cylinder
rod
Boom cylinder must drift less than
15 mm
Bucket cylinder must drift less than
25 mm

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 Item Description Service action
Boom cylinder leakage Dump bucket until teeth or cutting OK
check edge is per pendicular to the Drift is approximately the
ground. same between first and
Heat hydraulic oil to
second measurement.
operating temperature. Raise boom until cutting edge is
about 1 m (3 ft) above ground.
Repair loader control valve
Stop engine. Measure drift from or circuit relief valve.
tooth or cutting edge to ground for
1 minute. NOT OK
If drift is considerably less
Wait 10 minutes.
on second measurement,
Measure drift from tooth or cutting repair cylinder.
edge to ground for 1 minute.
LOOK : Compare the drift rate
between the first measurement
and the second measurement.
Bucket cylinder leakage Raise bucket about 1 m (3 ft) off OK
check ground with bucket level. Drift is approximately the
same between first and
Heat hydraulic oil to Stop engine. Place a support
second measurement.
operating temperature. under boom.
Measure drift from tooth or cutting Repair loader control valve
edge to ground for 1 minute. or circuit relief valve at
page 6-50.
Wait 10 minutes.
Measure drift from tooth or cutting NOT OK
edge to ground for 1 minute. Drift is considerably less
on second measurement.
LOOK : Compare the drift rates
between the first measurement
Repair cylinder.
and the second measurement.
Check valve of safety Put bucket level and position about OK
valve leakage check 1.2 m (4 ft) above ground. Check complete.
Heat hydraulic oil to Place a piece of tape on cylinder
NOT OK
operating temperature. rod at least 51 mm (2 in) from rod
Check or replace safety
guide.
valve.
Run engine at low idle in safety-
release position.
LOOK : Bucket must not drift up.
Pilot control valve Stop engine. Turn key switch to OK
OFF position. Check completed.
(RCV lever) check
Move control lever to all positions
NOT OK
and then release.
Repair pilot control valve.
LOOK : Lever must return to
neutral when released from all
positions.

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 Item Description Service action
Bucket leveler Position bucket fully dumped just OK
(positioner) check (option) above ground level. Check complete.
Run engine at low idle. Move control lever to bucket NOT OK
leveler detent position and release. Do bucket leveler checks.
LOOK : Bucket must rollback to
the level position and control lever
must return to neutral.
If bucket is in a rolled back position
when key is turned ON, control
lever must be returned to neutral
manually if placed in the bucket
leveler detent position.
After bucket is dumped once,
bucket leveler will work normally.
Boom height kickout Position bucket flat on ground. OK
check (option) Check complete.
Move control lever to boom raise
Run engine at low idle. detent position and release. NOT OK
Do boom height kickout
LOOK : Boom must raise to the
check.
set height and stop.
Control lever must return to
neutral.
Cycle time check Function Operating condition. Maximum cycle time
Heat hydraulic oil to Boom raise Bucket flat on ground to full height. 5.9sec
operating temperature.
Boom lower Full height to level ground. 3.1sec
Run engine at high idle.
Bucket dump Boom at full height. 1.2sec
Bucket rollback Boom at full height. 1.5sec
Steering [No. of Frame stop to frame stop. 4.0sec [4 turns]
turns]
OK
Check complete.
NOT OK
Go to slow hydraulic
functions in group 2.

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※ MEASURING BOOM AND BUCKET CYCLE TIME
1) MEASUREMENT CONDITION
·Coolant temperature : Inside operating range
·Steering position : Neutral
·Hydraulic temperature : 40~50˚C
·Bucket : Unloaded
·Engine speed : High idling

2) MEASURING TOOL
· Stop watch (1EA)

3) MEASURING PROCEDURE
(1) LIFTING TIME OF BOOM Lifting time of boom

Set the bucket near the maximum tilt back

position and at the lowest position on the
ground. Raise the bucket and measure
the time taken for bucket to reach the
maximum height of the boom.

7577S6WE35

(2) LOWERING TIME OF BOOM

Set the bucket horizontal with the boom at Lowering time of boom
the maximum height, lower the bucket and
measure the taken for the bucket to reach
the lowest position on the ground.

7577S6WE36

(3) DUMPING TIME OF BUCKET

Raise the boom to the maximum height Dumping time of bucket
Rollback time of bucket
and measure the time taken for the bucket
to move from the maximum tilt back
position to the maximum dump position
(4) ROLL BACK TIME OF BUCKET
Raise the boom to the maximum height
and measure the time taken for the bucket
to reach the maximum tilt back position. 7577S6WE37

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2. TROUBLESHOOTING
※ Diagnose malfunction charts are arranged from most probable and simplest to verify, to least
likely, more difficult to verify. Remember the following steps when troubleshooting a problem :

Step 1. Operational check out procedure (see section 1)

Step 2. Operational checks (see group 2)
Step 3. Troubleshooting
Step 4. Tests and adjustments (see group 3)
Problem Cause Remedy
Noisy hydraulic pump Low oil supply or wrong viscosity. Fill reservoir with recommended oil.
Plugged or pinched suction line. Clean or replace line.
Air in oil. Check for foamy oil. Tighten
connections.
Replace O-rings and or lines.
Plugged suction strainer. Inspect and clean strainer in reservoir.
Loose or missing hydraulic line clamps. Tighten or replace clamps.
Hydraulic lines in contract with frame. Inspect and repair.
Worn or damaged pump. Do hydraulic pump performance check
in group 2. Do hydraulic pump flow test
in group 3.
No or Slow hydraulic Failed or worn hydrualic pump. Do performance check.
functions
Cold oil. Warm oil up.
Slow engine speed. Adjust engine speed.
Check high idle speed.
Suction line air leak. Check for foamy oil.
Low oil supply. Add recommended oil.
Wrong oil viscosity. Use recommended oil.
Oil leaking past cylinders or control Check cylinder drift in group 2.
valve.
Blocked or damaged line. Inspect lines.

Fault or misadjusted pilot oil suppy unit Do pilot oil supply unit pressure test in
group 3.
Faulty pilot control valve (RCV). Do pilot control valve (RCV) pressure
test in group 3.
Binding loader control valve (MCV) Inspect valve.
spool.
Faulty steering valve. Check priority valve, orifice of steering
valve specification.

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 Problem Cause Remedy
No steering or hydraulic Low oil level. Add recommended oil.
function
Failed hydraulic pump. Remove and inspect return filter for
metal pump particles.
Failed main hydraulic pump drive. Remove main hydraulic pump and
inspect drive gear.
No hydraulic functions Failed hydraulic pump. Remove and inspect return filter for
steering normal metal pump particles, or replace the
pump.
Failed line filter. Remove and inspect line filter for RCV.
Faulty safety valve. Safety valve leakage test or ON, OFF
function test.
Stuck open port relief valve. Replace relief valve.
Boom float function Low pilot control pressure. Do pressure reducing valve pressure
does not work test in group 3.
Faulty pilot control valve (RCV). Replace relief valve.
Loader control valve (MCV) spool Do pressure reducing valve pressure
binding in bore. test in group 3.
One hydraulic function Faulty pilot control valve (RCV). Do pilot control valve pressure test.
does not work. Inspect and repair valve.
Stuck open port relief valve. Replace relief valve.
Oil leaking past cylinder packings. Do boom and bucket cylinder leakage
test in group 3.
Blockage in oil lines or valve. Inspect lines for damage.
Disconnect and inspect lines for internal
blockage.
Loader control valve (MCV) spool stuck Inspect and repair valve.
in bore.
Low hydraulic power Leakage within work circuit. Do cylinder drift check in group 2.
Low system relief valve (main relief Do loader system and port relief valve
valve) setting. pressure test in group 3.
Low port relief valve setting. Do loader system and port relief valve
pressure test in group 3.

Leaking system relief valve. Remove and inspect valve.

Worn hydraulic pump. Do hydraulic pump performance check
in group 2.
Faulty pilot control valve (RCV). Do pilot control valve pressure test in
group 3.

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 Problem Cause Remedy
Function drifts down Leaking cylinders. Do cylinder leakage checks in group 3.
Leaking seals in circuit relief valve (port Inspect seals. Replace relief valve.
relief valve) or valve stuck open.
Leaking loader control valve (MCV). Repair or replace valve section.
Boom drifts up Leakage in boom down spool. Remove and inspect boom down spool.
Boom down does not Safety valve not operated. Operate valve.
work (engine off)
Stuck pilot control valve. Inspect.
Faulty line filter. Remove and inspect filter.
Accumulation not operated. Inspect.
MCV spool stuck. Inspect and repair valve.
Oil overheats Low oil viscosity in hot weather. Use recommended oil.
Excessive load. Reduce load.
Holding hydraulic system over relief. Reduce load.
Leakage in work circuit. Do boom and bucket cylinder leakage
test in group 3.
Plugged fins in oil cooler. Inspect and clean oil cooler.
Internally plugged oil cooler. Do hydraulic oil cooler restriction test.
Incorrect system or circuit relief valve Do loader system and circuit relief valve
setting. pressure test in group 3.
Restriction in oil lines or loader control Inspect for dented or kinked lines.
valve (MCV). Do hydraulic system restriction test in
group 3.
Malfunctioning steering valve. Do hydraulic system restriction test in
group 3.
Leaking system main relief valve. Remove and inspect valve and seals.
Worn hydraulic pump (internal leakage). Do hydraulic pump performance check
in group 2.
Function drops before Stuck open lift check valve. Do control valve lift check in group 2.
raising when valve is
activated

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 Problem Cause Remedy
Hydraulic oil foams Low oil level. Add recommended oil.
Wrong oil. Change to recommended oil.
Water in oil. Change oil.
Loose or faulty suction lines (air leak in Tighten or install new lines.
system).
Remote control valve Leaking plunger seals. Remove, inspect and replace plunger
(RCV) leaking seals.

※ Followings are general precautions for the hydraulic system and equipment.
1) Every structure has its limit of strength and durability. The relief valve is installed to limit the
pressure on the hydraulic equipment and protect various parts of the wheel loader from possible
damage. Therefore, never change the preset pressure of the relief valve unless absolutely
necessary.
2) Since the hydraulic equipment is built with precision, the presence of only the slightest amount of
dust and / or other particles in the hydraulic circuit might cause wear and/or damage, resulting in
unstable functions and/or damage, resulting in unstable functions and/or unexpected accidents.
Therefore, always keep hydraulic oil clean. Periodically, check the filter in the return circuit and
replace the element as necessary.
3) Extract about 200cc of hydraulic oil from the tank as a sample every 6 months. If possible, have it
analyzed by a specialist to confirm that the oil can still be used. Never extract the oil for sampling
until the oil temperature has become the normal operating temperature. Since the replacement
period varies depending on operating conditions, refer to Operator's Manual and change oil.
4) Should the equipment get damaged due to the presence of metal particles and/or foreign matter in
the circuit drain out the hydraulic oil and carry out flushing. Also, replace the filter element and
clean the hydraulic tank. Change the hydraulic oil entirely.
5) When checking the filter, if found metal particles in the element, drain out the hydraulic oil entirely,
flush the whole circuit, and then fill with new oil. The presence of metal particles may indicate
internal damage to the equipment. In such a case, check carefully before flushing, and repair or
replace as required.
6) To add and/or change the hydraulic oil, always use recommended oil. (Refer to the list of
recommended oils and lubricants at page 1-20, Recommended lubricants
lubricants..) Never mix oil of
different makes of kinds.
7) To change the hydraulic oil, use a clean vessel and funnel for pouring it into the tank. Never use
cloth because it might cause the presence of lint in the circuit.
8) When removing the hydraulic equipment, be sure to put plugs or caps on hoses, tube lines and
ports. Also, enter mating marks for later identification.

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9) Disassemble and/or assemble the hydraulic equipment only in a clean place free of dust. When
disassembling, be careful about the interchangeability of parts, and clean the disassembled parts
with pure and clean mineral cleansing oil. Clean the internal passages as well. After the parts
have dried, wipe them off with a clean lint-free cloth.
10) When overhauling the hydraulic equipment replace all O-rings, backup rings, etc. with new ones.
Assemble O-rings with grease or vaseline applied.
11) After installing the equipment, add more hydraulic oil to make up for that lost during disassembly.
12) Tighten joints correctly. Loose joints will cause the hydraulic oil to leak. If the oil leaks, the tank oil
level drops and air gets sucked in, so the pump will break down. Also loose joints in suction lines
will take air in and might cause abnormal noise, malfunction or damage to pumps.

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