CHAPTER–1

Percentage
Definition—Per cent means for every hundred. Fifty per cent means fifty for every hundred. So a
fraction whose denominator is 100, is called a percentage and the numerator of the fraction is known as
the rate of percentage. It is generally written by %.

EXAMPLES
Example 1. What is the fraction which is equivalent to 3/10 per cent ?
3 1 3
Sol. × = Ans.
10 100 1000
Example 2. If the rate of sugar is increased by 20%, how much per cent must a householder reduce
his consumption of sugar so as not to increase his expenditure ?
Sol. The increased expenditure of sugar = 100 + 20 = 120.
But the householder wants to expend the same amount i.e. Rs. 100 in place in Rs. 120. Hence
he has to reduce his expenditure by Rs. 20.
∴ On the expenditure of Rs. 120 the reduction amounts to Rs. 20.
20
∴ On the expenditure of Rs. 100 the reduction = × 100%
120
100 50
= % = % = 16·67% Ans.
6 3

EXERCISE 1
1 . A base ball team has lost 7 games and has 3. If 1 out of every 50 people who play a certain
won 13 games. What per cent of the games games win a prize, what per cent of people
played did they win ? lose ?
(A) 1% (B) 2%
(A) 35 (B) 65
(C) 99% (D) 98%
(C) 50 (D) 30 (E) None of these
(E) None of these 4. The air consists of 79·2% of Nitrogen, 20·7%
2. 60% of 35 is what per cent of 400 ? of Oxygen, 0·08% of other light gases and the
remaining gas is Argon. Find out the volume
1 1
(A) 5 (B) 10 of the air consisting one cubic metre of
4 2 Argon.
1
(C) 12 (D) 6 (A) 500 cu. metre (B) 50 cu. metre
2 (C) 5 cu. metre (D) 5000 cu. metre
(E) None of these (E) None of these
4A | Arithmetic

5 . In an examination 49·3% of total students (C) 5% (D) 10%

appeared, passed successfully. If the number (E) None of these
of successful candidates are 23128 how many 12. The sum of Rs. 725 is borrowed at the
students appeared (approx.) in the exam ? beginning of a year at interest. After 8 months
(A) 46913 (B) 45913 1
have passed Rs. 362 more is borrowed at a
(C) 47913 (D) 46000 2
rate of interest double that which the former
(E) None of these
sum bears. At the end of the year, the sum of
6. A tank is filled 10% in one hour and 8% of interest on both loans is Rs. 43·50. What is
the water is emptied in the next hour. If it is the first rate of interest per annum ?
repeated again, find the percentage of tank (A) 6% (B) 3·6%
filled with water. (C) 4·5% (D) 5%
(A) 20% (B) 4% (E) None of these
(C) 19·2% (D) 17·66% 13. The cost price of goods with a bankrupt is
(E) None of these Rs. 25,500 and if the goods had realised in
7. If 20% of man’s salary is paid as rent, 60% their full value, his creditors would have
are his living expenses and 10% is paid in received 85 paise in the rupee. But 2/5 of the
L.I.C. If he spends remaining Rs. 30 on the goods were sold at 17% and the remainder at
education of the children, find his salary. 22% below their cost price. How many Paise
(A) Rs. 300 (B) Rs. 100/3 in a rupee was received by the creditors ?
(C) Rs. 3000 (D) Rs. 900 (A) 82 paise (B) 68 paise
(C) 67 paise (D) 65 paise
(E) None of these
(E) None of these
8. A litre of water is evaporated from 6 litre of
14. A carpenter undertakes to supply 2,000 tables
sugar solution containing 4% of sugar. Find
at Rs. 17·25 each. He estimates that if 10%
the percentage of sugar in remaining solution.
are defective which will be sold at 50%, then
1 4
(A) 3 (B) 4 the profit will be 15% on his whole outlay.
3 5 When the tables were supplied, 70% of the
(C) 4 (D) 5 tables were found defective. What loss did
(E) None of these carpenter incur ?
9. When the price of cloth were reduced by 25% (A) Rs. 7,800 (B) Rs. 16,075
the quantity of cloth sold increased by 20%. (C) 4,666·25 (D) Rs. 6,075
What was the effect on gross receipt of the (E) None of these
shop ? 15. If Ramesh gets 10% more than Mohan, then
(A) 5% increase (B) 5% decrease Mohan gets.
(C) No change (D) 10% increase (A) 10% less than Ramesh
(E) None of these (B) 10% more than Ramesh
10. Chinmoy sold his radio set at 10% loss. If he 1
(C) 9 % less than Ramesh
had sold it for Rs. 45 more he would have 11
made 5% profit. For how much did he sell the 1
(D) 9 % more than Ramesh
radio ? 11
(A) Rs. 315 (B) Rs. 270 (E) None of these
(C) Rs. 300 (D) Rs. 345 16. Out of a total population of 5,000 people in a
(E) None of these village the men increased by 10% and woman
11. At what rate the sum will be twice in 15 by 15%. thus the total population becomes
years ? 5,600 in a year. Find how many men were
1 2 there in the village.
(A) 13 % (B) 6 %
2 3 (A) 2000 (B) 3000
 Arithmetic | 5A

(C) 4000 (D) 2500 19. A man’s working hours a day were increased
(E) None of these 20% and his wages per hour were increased
17. The population of a town increases 10% per by 15%. By how much per cent were his daily
year. If at the end of 1974 the population was earning increased ?
8,000, find out the population at the end of (A) 38%
1977. (B) 35%
(A) 968 (B) 9,680 (C) 5%
(C) 10,648 (D) 880 (D) 40%
(E) None of these (E) None of these
18. In a mixed school 20% of the scholars are 1
infants under 8, and the number of scholars 20. 3 % of a man’s income is taken in tax and 12
2
2
above 8 is of the number of scholars of 8, 1
3 % of the remainder is saved. This leaves Rs.
2
and amounts to 48. Find the number of
4,053 to spend. What is the income ?
scholars in the school.
(A) 72 (B) 120 (A) Rs. 5000 (B) Rs. 4800
(C) 80 (D) 150 (C) Rs. 6408 (D) Rs. 4500
(E) None of these (E) None of these
 CHAPTER– 2

Profit and Loss

Cost price (C.P.) is the price at which a particular article is bought.
Selling price (S.P.) is that price at which a particular article is sold.
Profit = S.P. – C.P. Loss = C.P. – S.P.
The profit or loss percentage is always counted on the C.P.
Actual Profit × 100
Percentage of profit = %
Cost Price

EXAMPLES
Example 1. Ram sold a cow for Rs. 136 at a loss of 15%. At what price should he have sold it to
gain 15% ?
Sol. Let the cost price be Rs. 100 then for 15% loss the S.P. = 85 and for 15% profit it should be
Rs. 115.
·.· Rs. 85 is the first S.P. then second S.P. = Rs. 115
115 × 136
∴ Rs. 136 is the first S.P. then second S.P. = = Rs. 184 Ans.
85
Example 2. A sells a radio to B at a gain of 10% and B sells it to C at a gain of 5%. If C pays
Rs. 462 for it. what did it cost to A ?
Sol. Let the cost price of A be Rs. 100
Then the cost price of B be Rs. 110
105 231
Selling price of B = × 110 = Rs.
100 2
231
C.P. of C =
2
But the cost price of C as given = Rs. 462.
231
If the cost price of C is Rs. then the C.P. of A = Rs. 100
2
100 × 2 × 462
If the cost price of C is Rs. 462 then the C.P. of A = = Rs. 400 Ans.
231
Example 3. A dealer allows 10% discount on the list price of a certain article and yet makes a
profit of Rs. 25% on each article. Find the cost price of the article when list price is Rs. 50.
Sol. Let the cost price of article be Rs. 100
The for 25% profit, S.P. = Rs. 125
If list price is Rs. 100, S.P. = Rs. 90
 Arithmetic | 7A

· .· If S.P. is Rs.90 , list price = Rs. 100

100 × 125 1250
∴ S.P. is Rs. 125, list price = =
90 9
1250
If list price is Rs. , then C. P. = Rs. 100
9
100 × 50 × 9
If list price Rs. 50, then C.P. = = Rs. 36 Ans.
1250
Example 4. A person purchases 90 clocks and sells 40 cloks at a gain of 10% and 50 clocks at a
gain of 20%. Had he sold all of them at a uniform profit of 15% he would have got Rs. 40 less. Find the
cost price of each clock.
Sol. Let the C.P. of each clock be Rs. 100.
By the profit of 10% S.P. of 40 clocks = 110 × 40 = Rs. 4,400
By the profit of 20% S.P. of 50 clocks = 120 × 50 = Rs. 6,000
Total S.P. = Rs. 4400 + Rs. 6,000 = Rs. 10,400
C.P. of 90 clocks = 90 × 100 = Rs. 9000
By the profit of 15% S.P. of 90 clocks = 90 × 115 = Rs. 10,350
Difference = Rs. 10,400 – Rs. 10,350 = Rs. 50
If the difference is Rs. 50 then C.P. = Rs. 100
100 × 40
If the difference is Rs. 40 then C.P. = = Rs. 80 Ans.
50
Example 5. A man buys 5 horses and 10 cows for Rs. 1,600. He sells horses at a profit of 15% and
cows at a loss of 10%. If his over all profit was Rs. 90, what was the cost price of a horse and a cow ?
Sol. Let x be the cost price of a horse and y be the cost price of a cow
· . · C.P. of 5 horses = Rs. 5x and C.P. of 10 cows = Rs. 10y
Hence 5x + 10y = 1,600 …(i)
Since the profit is 15% on the horses
15 × 5x 3x
∴ Profit on the sale of Rs. 5x = = Rs.
100 4
Similarly loss on the cows is 10%
10y × 10
So loss on the sale of Rs. 10y = = Rs. y
100
Again. (profit on the horses) – (Loss on cow) = Rs. 90
3x
⇒ – y = 90
4
∴ 3x – 4y = 360 …(ii)
Multiplying (i) by 3 and (ii) by 5 we get
15x + 30y = 4,800
15x – 20y = 1,800
– + –
50y = 3,000
∴ y = Rs. 60
Putting the value of y in Eq. (i) 5x = 1,600 – 600
∴ x = Rs. 200 Ans.
8A | Arithmetic

EXERCISE 2
1. A car costs a dealer Rs. 50,000. The dealer his sale. At what price should he sell a rain-
raised the price by Rs. 13,000 and then coat which costs him Rs. 10·50 ?
1 (A) Rs. 13 (B) Rs. 15·75
deducted of the new price. What percentage
7 (C) Rs. 12 (D) Rs. 19
of the original cost was the car sold for ? (E) None of these
(A) 108% (B) 90% 8. For cash payment a shopkeeper allows a
(C) 107% (D) 110% 1
discount of 2 % on the marked price of his
(E) None of these 2
goods. Under the conditions he makes profit
2. If Mohan buys a chair at 75% of its value and of 17% on his outlay. what would be his gain
sells it for 20% more than its value, his profit per cent on his outlay, if he had not allowed
will be : any discount ?
(A) 45% (B) 60% 1
(A) 20% (B) 14 %
(C) 20% (D) 75% 2
(E) None of these 1
(C) 19 % (D) 25%
3. 15% loss on selling price is what percentage 2
loss on cost ? (E) None of these
9. A dishonest shopkeeper deceives by 15% at
(A) 17·64% (B) 20%
the time of purchase of the articles and also
(C) 30% (D) 13·04% 15% at the time of the sale. Find out the
(E) None of these percentage of profit.
4. How much per cent should a tradesman add (A) 30% (B) 15%
on the price of his goods in order that he may 1
(C) 33% (D) 32 %
make 10% profit afrer allowing a rebate to the 4
customer 4% of the bill ? (E) None of these
(A) 14% (B) 14·5% 10. A milkman mixes some water to the milk and
7 sells it at the purchase price earning 20%
(C) 15% (D) 14 % profit. Find out the weight of the water mixed
12
in gm per kilogram of milk.
(E) None of these
(A) 200 gm (B) 100 gm
5. If Ashok makes a profit of 25% on the selling (C) 250 gm (D) 50 gm
price, what is his profit on cost price ? (E) None of these
(A) 20% (B) 25% 11. If I loss 12% by selling oranges at 14 for a
1 rupee, how many oranges for a rupee should I
(C) 33 % (D) 30%
3 sell to gain 12% ?
(E) None of these (A) 14 (B) 11
6. If an harmonium is sold for Rs. 16 the per- (C) 10 (D) 12
centage of loss is equal to its cost price. Find (E) None of these
out the cost price of the harmonium. 12. A dealer makes his goods 30% above cost
(A) Rs. 80 and Rs. 20 1
price, but makes a reduction of 6 % on the
(B) Rs. 25 4
(C) Rs. 40 marked price for ready money. Find his gain
per cent.
(D) Rs. 50
1
(E) None of these (A) 21 % (B) 22%
2
7. Mr. Ram runs a clothing store. His overhead 3 1
(C) 23 % (D) 26 %
expenses are 32% and his profits are 12% of 4 7
 Arithmetic | 9A

(E) None of these (A) 20% (B) 9%

13. A tradesman by means of a false balance 1
(C) 10% (D) 8 %
defrauds to the extent of 10% in buying goods 3
and also defrauds 10% in selling. What per (E) None of these
cent does he gain on his outlay by his 18. A farmer bought a cow for a certain sum and
dishonesty ? sold it at a loss of 15% of the cost price. If he
(A) 10% (B) 11% received Rs. 90 more he would have gained
(C) 20% (D) 21% 1
7 % on the cost price. How much did the cow
(E) None of these 2
14. Mohan sells two horses for Rs. 1955 each. On cost him ?
one of them he gains 15% and on the other he (A) Rs. 440 (B) 400
losses 15%. Find his total gain or loss. (C) Rs. 1,200 (D) 600
(A) gain of Rs. 90 (B) loss of Rs. 90 (E) None of these
(C) No loss no profit (D) Profit of Rs. 150 19. One type writer marked for sale at Rs. 480.
(E) None of these Dealer allows discount of 10% and yet makes
profit of 8%. What should his gain be if no
15. A grocer mixes 26 kg. of tea which costs him
discount were allowed ?
Rs. 2·00 a kg. with 30 kg. of tea which costs
(A) Rs. 80 (B) Rs. 38·4
Rs. 3·60 a kg. and sells the mixture at Rs. 3 a
kg. What is his total percentage of gain ? (C) Rs. 20 (D) Rs. 48
(A) 8% (B) 5% (E) None of these
(C) 10% (D) No profit no loss 20. A draper buys 100 shawls for Rs. 2,450. He
sells 76 of them at Rs. 35 each, and the rest at
(E) None of these
half of that price. How much does he gain ?
1
16. A shopkeeper estimates his profit at 22 % of What is his gain per cent on the cost price ?
2
5
the cost price. If his sale in one week were of (A) Rs. 630, 25 %
7
Rs. 392, how much of this was his profit ?
26
(A) 72 (B) 70 (B) Rs. 50, 26 %
49
(C) 18·2 (D) 88·2 39
(E) None of these (C) Rs. 730, 29 %
49
17. A house was sold for Rs. 12,600 at a profit of 1
(D) Rs. 832, 29 %
5% on the cost price. What per cent would 4
have been gained if it had been sold for Rs. (E) None of these
13,000 ?
 CHAPTER– 3

Ratio and Proportion

A ratio can exist only between two quantities of the same kind.
A ratio is obtained by dividing one quantity by the other of same kind. The result obtained is
an abstract number (quantity without any unit) integer or fraction.
When two ratios are equal we say it is proportion.
a c a c
If = it means is in proportion with and can be written as a : b : : c: d where a and d are
b d b d
known as extremes and b and c are known as means.
If four quantities are in proportion then the product of means is equal to the product of
extremes.
PROPORTIONAL DIVISION
The process by which a quantity may be divided into parts which bear a given ratio to one
another, is called proportional division and the parts are known as proportional parts.
For example—Divide quantity y in the ratio a : b : c then
a
First part = × y.
(a + b + c )
b
Second part = × y.
(a + b + c )
c
Third part = × y.
(a + b + c )

EXAMPLES
Example 1. Find out the two quantities whose difference is 30 and the ratio between them is 5/11.
Sol. The difference of quantities which are in the ratio 5 : 11 is 6. To make the difference 30, we
should multiply them by 5.
Therefore, 5 : 11 = 5 × 5 : 11 × 5 = 25 : 55 Ans.
Example 2. A factory employs skilled workers, unskilled workers and clerks in the ratio 8 : 5 : 1
and the wages of a skilled worker, an unskilled worker and a clerk are in the ratio 5 : 2 : 3 when 20
unskilled workers are employed the total daily wages fall amount to Rs. 318. Find out the daily wages
paid to each category of employees.
Sol. Number of skilled worker : unskilled worker : clerks = 8 : 5 : 1 and the ratio of their
respective wages = 5: 2 : 3
Hence the amount will be paid in the ratio
8 × 5 : 5 × 2 : 3 × 1 = 40 : 10 : 3
 Arithmetic | 11A

Hence total amount distributed among unskilled workers

318
= × 10 = Rs. 60
(40 + 10 + 3)
But the number of unskilled workers is 20, so the daily wages of unskilled worker
60
= = Rs. 3.
20
The wages of a skilled worker, an unskilled worker and a clerk are in the ratio = 5 : 2: 3
Multiplying the ratio by 5/2 and 3/2 we get = 7·50 : 3 : 4·50
So if an unskilled worker gets Rs. 3 a day then a skilled worker gets Rs. 7·50 per day a clerk
Rs. 4·50 a day. Ans.
Example 3. Two numbers are in the ratio of 11 : 13. If 12 be subtracted from each, the remainders
are in the ratio of 7 : 9. Find out the numbers.
Sol. Since the numbers are in the ratio of 11 : 13. Let the numbers be 11x and 13x.. Now if 12 is
subtracted from each, the numbers become (11x – 12) and (13x – 12). As they are in the ratio
of 7 : 9
∴ (11x – 12) : (13x – 12) : : 7 : 9
(11x – 12)9 = (13x – 12)7
99x – 108 = 91x – 84
8x = 24 or x = 3
Therefore the numbers are 11 × 3 = 33 and 13 × 3 = 39. Ans.

COMPOUND PROPORTION
These problems shall contain three or more different kinds of quantities involving two or more
problems or simple proportion.
Rule—(a) Select all the quantities given in the problem such as man, work, hour and day etc.
(b) Put all the quantities in one line keeping the required quantity to the right hand side.
(c) Without considering the quantities in (a) write I, II, III, IV.
(d) Below III put the last quantity in which the answer is wanted. Below IV put x. Put a
sign : of ratio between III and IV and a sign : : of proportion between II and III.
(e) Now find out by careful inspection whether the quantities to be found out is greater or
less than the third term.
If greater put the lesser of the two as the first term; if less, put the greater of the two as first term
and the other as second term.
Divide the product of all the terms below II and III by the product of all the two as below I.
Example 4. If 3 men and 4 boys complete a work in 7 days and 2 men and 3 boys do the same
work in 10 days. in how many days will 3 men and 8 boys complete the same work ?
Sol. 3 men + 4 boys complete a work in 7 days
2 men + 3 boys complete a work in 10 days
3 men + 4 boys 10
Therefore = (because there is inverse proportion in men and days)
2 men + 3 boys 7
21 men + 28 boys = 20 men + 30 boys
1 man = 2 boys
12A | Arithmetic

3 men + 4 boys = 6 boys + 4 boys

= 10 boys.
3 men + 8 boys = 6 boys + 8 boys = 14 boys
boys days
10 7
14 x
As there is inverse proportion in boys and days.
10 x
=
14 7
x = 5 days Ans.
Example 5. The cost of lighting 200 bulbs for 6 days for 4 hours every day is Rs. 40. How many
bulbs can be lighted for 15 days for 3 hours every day at the cost of Rs. 48 ?
Sol. Days Hours Rs. Bulbs
⎯→

6 4 40 200

→⎯
⎯→

→⎯
15 3 48 x
I II III IV
15 6
3 : 4 :: 200 : x
40 48
6 × 4 × 48 × 200
∴ x = = 128 bulbs. Ans.
15 × 3 × 40

EXERCISE 3
1. Find out the ratio whose value is 2/3 and the (C) 3 : 9 (D) 2 : 5
antecedent is 18. (E) None of these
(A) 18 : 27 (B) 2 : 3 5 . If in 30 litre mixture of milk and water the
(C) 20 : 30 (D) 180 : 270 ratio of milk and water is 7 : 3, find out the
(E) None of these quantity of water to mix in order to make this
2 5 8 ratio 3 : 7.
2. : : : : what number ? (A) 40 litre (B) 10 litre
3 6 7
(A) 17/14 (B) 10/7 (C) 30 litre (D) 20 litre
(C) 5/3 (D) 13/14 (E) None of these
(E) None of these 6. In a bag there are coins of 25 paisa, 10 paisa
and 5 paisa in the ratio 1 : 2 : 3. If there are in
3. A : B = 2 : 3, B : C = 4 : 5, C : D = 6 : 7 find
all Rs. 30, how many 5 paisa coins ae there ?
the ratio of A and D.
(A) 50 (B) 100
(A) 4 : 13 (B) 16 : 35
(C) 150 (D) 200
(C) 7 : 24 (D) 8 : 22
(E) None of these
(E) None of these
4. Two equal glasses are respectively 1/3 and 7. Shyam has a sister who is half of his age.
1/4 full of milk. They are then filled up with When Shyam double, what will be the ratio of
water and the contents are mixed in a tumbler. his age to his sister’s age ?
Find the ratio of milk and water in the (A) 6/5 (B) 4/3
tumbler. (C) 5/2 (D) 3/2
(A) 1 : 5 (B) 7 : 17 (E) None of these
 Arithmetic | 13A

8. On a certain railway the first and second class (C) Rs. 480, 400, 300
fares are 7 paisa and 3 paisa per kilometre (D) Rs. 470, 420, 290
respectively. A man who travelled 100 km. (E) None of these
spent Rs. 3·40 in going part of distance by 15. A, B and C purchased the mangoes in a ratio
first class and the in second class. How many 5 : 3 : 2. If the difference of mangoes of A
kilometres did he travel in first class ? and C is 60, find out the total number of
(A) 30 km (B) 48·5 km mangoes purchased by them.
(C) 90 km (D) 51·5 km (A) 200 (B) 150
(E) None of these (C) 250 (D) 300
9. Ratio of A’s age to B’s first equal to 4 : 3. A (E) None of these
will be 26 years old after 6 years, how old is 16. A company makes a profit of Rs. 450. Out of
B now ? this 20% is paid for taxes and the rest be
(A) 10 12 years (B) 21 years divided among its partners A, B and C in pro-
(C) 12 years (D) 15 years portion of 1 : 1 12 : 2. Find the share of each.
(E) None of these (A) 120, 80, 160 (B) 160, 80, 120
10. 25 men with 10 boys can do in 6 days as (C) 80, 120, 160 (D) 120, 160, 80
much work as 21 men with 30 boys can do in (E) None of these
5 days. How many boys must help 40 men to
do the same work in 4 days ? 17. A garrison of 2,200 men has provision for 16
(A) 5 boys (B) 40 boys weeks at the rate of 45 gm. per day per man.
(C) 20 boys (D) 10 boys How many men must leave so that the same
(E) None of these provision may last for 24 weeks at 33 gm. per
11. A contractor took a contract for building day per man ?
12 kilometre road in 15 days and empolyed (A) 200 (B) 1125
100 labours on the work. After 9 days he (C) 2000 (D) 250
found that only 5 kilometre road had been (E) None of these
constructed. How many more labours should 18. If 5 men can do a piece of work in 20 days, in
be employed to ensure that the work may be how many days will 10 men and 5 boys do
completed with in the given time ?
the same work if 1 man does as much work as
(A) 120 (B) 90
2 boys ?
(C) 110 (D) 100
(A) 8 (B) 10
(E) None of these
(C) 12 (D) 36
12. What number has 5 to 1 ratio to the number
(E) None of these
10 ?
19. In 21 cows eat as much as 15 oxen, how
(A) 42 (B) 55
many cows will eat as much as 25 oxen ?
(C) 50 (D) 62
(E) None of these (A) 30 (B) 35
(C) 25 (D) 36
13. 15 men do a work in 20 days. In how many
days will 20 men do the full work ? (E) None of these
(A) 30 days (B) 15 days 20. There are three containers of equal capacity.
(C) 40 days (D) 20 days First container is half full, the second is one
(E) None of these third full and the third is empty. If all the
14. Three persons start business and make profit water in the containers is divided equally
1 1 1 among the containers, what part of the third
of Rs. 1180. If their capitals are as : : , container will be full ?
5 6 8
how should the profit be divided ? (A) 1/3 (B) 2/9
(A) Rs. 500, 380, 300 (C) 5/18 (D) 1/6
(B) Rs. 490, 390, 300 (E) None of these
 CHAPTER– 4

Partnership
Definition—Partnership is a method by which two or more persons put their money together in
order to carry on a certain business and divide the profit or loss according to their capital and time.
These persons are known as partners.

EXAMPLES
Example 1. A, B and C enter into partnership. A contributes one-third of the capital while B
contributes as much as A and C together contribute. If the profit at the end of the year amounts to
Rs. 840 what would each receive ?
Sol. As A contributes one-third of the capital
840
∴ A’s profit = = Rs. 280
3
Now as B contributes as much as A and C
So Profit of B = Profit of A + Profit of C
= Rs. 280 + Profit of C
⇒ Profit of B – Profit of C = Rs. 280 …(1)
and Profit of B + Profit of C = Rs. 840 – Rs. 280 …(2)
Adding 2 Profit of B = Rs. 840
∴ Profit of B = Rs. 420
Hence Profit of C = 840 – 420 – 280 = Rs. 140. Ans.
Example 2. A is working and B is a sleeping partner in a business. A puts in Rs. 5,000 and B puts
in Rs. 6,000. A receives 12 12 % of the profit for managing the business and the rest is divided in
proportion of their capitals. What does each get out of a profit of Rs. 880 ?
Sol. The amount which A receives for managing
25
= 12 12 % of Rs. 880 = × 880 = Rs. 110
2 × 100
The amount left = 880 – 110 = Rs. 770
The amount left is to be divided in the ratio = 5,000 : 6,000 = 5 : 6
5
Out of the amount left, A’s share = × 770 = Rs. 350
11
6
Out of the amount left, B’s share = × 770 = Rs. 420
11
∴ Total share received by A = 110 + 350 = Rs. 460
and share received by B = Rs. 420 Ans.
 Arithmetic | 15A

EXERCISE 4
1 . 40 cattle can graze a grassland for 60 days. 6 . Two partners invest Rs. 12,500 and 8,500
The number of cattle that will graze a grass- respectively in their business and arrange that
land 2 times as large in 40 days is : 60% of the profit should be divided equally
(A) 120 (B) 20 between them and the remaining profit treated
(C) 90 (D) 80 as interest on the capital. If one partner’s
(E) None of these sahre is Rs. 300 more than that of the other,
2. Three men A, B and C subscribe Rs. 4,700 for find the whole amount of the profit.
a business. A subscribes Rs. 700 more than B (A) Rs. 4,000 (B) 5,000
and B Rs. 300 more than C. How much will (C) Rs. 3,837·50 (D) Rs. 3,937·50
each receive out of the profit of Rs. 846 ? (E) None of these
(A) Rs. 270, 396, 180
7 . Hari and Ram enter into a partnership with
(B) Rs. 396, 180, 270 capital of Rs. 15,000 and Rs. 12,000
(C) Rs. 396, 270, 180 respectively. The total profit was Rs. 8,000.
(D) 296, 370, 180 Hari had put his capital for 4 months and he
(E) None of these received Rs. 5,000 as his profit. For how
3. A starts business with a capital of Rs. 1,400. many months had Ram put his capital ?
Five months later B joins and further two (A) 6 months (B) 3 months
months later C joins them. What amount of (C) 9 months (D) 12 months
capital is put in by B and C, if at the end of
(E) None of these
the year their shares of profit are as 4 : 3 : 2 ?
(A) Rs. 1,800, 1,680 8. A grazes 10 sheep for 3 weeks. B grazes 15
sheep for 4 weeks in a field. How should they
(B) Rs. 1,680, 1,800
divide a rent for Rs. 60 ?
(C) Rs. 1,700, 1,780
(A) 1 : 2 (B) 3 : 4
(D) Rs. 1,780, 1,700
(C) 2 : 1 (D) Rs. 40 : 20
(E) None of these
(E) None of these
4. A and B enter into partnership with capitals as
9 . A, B and C rent a piece of ground for
5 : 6. At the end of 8 months A withdraws. If
1
they receive profit in the ratio of 5 : 9 find Rs. 60·50 A puts in 5 sheep for 4 months,
2
how long B’s capital was used. B, 8 sheep for 5 months, and C, 9 sheeps for 6
(A) 4 months (B) 8 months 1
(C) 12 months (D) 6 months months. What share of rent must each pay ?
2
(E) None of these (A) Rs. 11·25, 20, 29·25
5. A and B enter into partnership. A supplies (B) Rs. 20·35, 21·50, 10·75
whole of the capital amounting to Rs. 45,000 (C) Rs. 30·20, 10·50
with the condidtion that the profits are to be
(D) Rs. 21, 32, 7·50
equally divided and that B pays A interest on
half of the capital at 10% per annum but (E) None of these
receives Rs. 120 per month for carrying on 10. A, B and C invested Rs. 500, 630 and 700. If
the concern. Find total yearly profit, when A gets Rs. 75 as profit, what will C get ?
B’s income is one half of A’s income. 3
(A) Rs. 57 % (B) Rs. 105
(A) Rs. 7,150 (B) Rs. 3,060 4
(C) Rs. 9,180 (D) Rs. 1,440 (C) Rs. 90 (D) Rs. 126
(E) None of these (E) None of these
 CHAPTER– 5

Average
To find average of any number of quantities of the same kind is to add all the items together
and then divide the sum by the number of items.
Sum of all items
Average =
No. of items

EXAMPLES
Example 1. A batsman has a certain average runs for 16 innings. In the 17th inning he made a
score of 85 runs thereby his average is increased by 3. What is his average after 17th inning ?
Sol. The average for 17th inning has been increased by 3. The total increase in the runs for 17th
inning 17 × 3 = 51
But the batsman scores 85. Average runs in his 16th innings = 85 – 51 = 34.
Hence the average of runs after 17th inning = 34 + 3 = 37 Ans.
Example 2. A man has 7 children. When their average age was 12 years, the child who was 6 years
of age, died. What was the average age of surviving children 5 years after the death of the above child ?
Sol. Average age of 7 children = 12 years
Total age of 7 children = 12 × 7
= 84 years
Total age of 6 children after the death of a child aged 6years = 84 – 6 = 78
78
Hence the average age of the surviving children = = 13 years
6
After 5 yrs. = 13 + 5
= 18 years Ans.

EXERCISE 5
1. The average of the following five numbers is (C) 20 kg (D) 31 kg
8. Find the missing number in 7, 5, ? 3, 12. (E) None of these
(A) 14 (B) 8 3. The average of the first three numbers is
(C) 13 (D) 12 double of the fourth number. If the average of
(E) None of these all the four numbers is 12, find the 4th
2. The average weight of A, B and C is 45 kg number.
that of A and B is 40 kg and of B and C is (A) 16 (B) 48/7
43 kg. What is the weight of B ? (C) 20 (D) 18
(A) 17 kg (B) 26 kg (E) None of these
 Arithmetic | 17A

4. Anil took 4 tests during first year. His average (A) 40 (B) 70
on them was 76. He took 3 tests during the (C) 30 (D) 80
second year. His average on them was 81. (E) None of these
What was his over all average for both years ?
8. The average weight of three men A, B, C is
(A) 542/7 (B) 539/7 84 km and fourth man D joins them the
(C) 536/7 (D) 547/7 average weight of the four becomes 80 km. If
(E) None of these E whose wt. is 3 kg more than D replaces A,
5. A cyclist rides 24 km at 16 km per hour and a then the average wt. of B, C, D and E
further 36 km at 15 km per hour. Find his becomes 79 kg. Find the weight of A.
average speed for the journey. (A) 75 kg (B) 80 kg
(A) 15·38 km per hour (C) 70 kg (D) 85 kg
(B) 16 km per hour (E) None of these
(C) 15·5 km per hour 9. A man walks from P to Q at the rate of 5 km
an hour and returns from Q to P at the rate of
(D) 16.38 km per hour
3 km an hour. What is the average rate in km
(E) None of these per hour for the whole journey ?
6. A certain factory employed 600 men and 400 (A) 4 (B) 15/4
women and the average wage was Rs. 2·55 (C) 1/4 (D) 9/2
per day. If a woman got 50 p. less than a man,
(E) None of these
what were their daily wages ?
10. A ship 40 km from shore springs a leak which
(A) Man Rs. 2·75, woman Rs. 2·25 3
(B) Man Rs. 3·25, woman Rs. 2·75 admits 3 quintals of water in 12 minutes. 60
4
(C) Man Rs. 3, woman Rs. 2·50 quintals would suffice to sink the ship, But its
(D) Man Rs. 2·50 woman Rs. 2 pump can throw out 12 quintals of water in
(E) None of these one hour. Find the average rate of sailing so
that it may reach the shore just it begins to
7. If a train maintains an average speed of 40 km
sink.
an hour it arrives at its destination punctually.
(A) 4 km/h (B) 4·5 km/h
if however the average speed is 35 kn an hour
it arrives 15 minutes late. Find the length of (C) 5 km/h (D) 6 km/h
the journey in km. (E) None of these
 CHAPTER– 6

Simple Interest
Interest is the money paid for the use of money borrowed.
The sum borrowed is called the principal. The sum of interest and principal is called the
amount.
If the interest is paid as it falls due, it is called the simple interest (S. I.)
If P is the principal, R is the rate, T is time and S. I. the simple interest, then
P×R×T S.I. × 100
S. I. = P =
100 R×T
S.I. × 100 S.I. × 100
R = T =
P×T P×R

EXAMPLES
Example 1. A sum of money amounts to Rs. 944 in 3 years at a simple interest. If the rate of
interest be raised by 25% the sum amounts to 980 during the same period. Find the sum and the rate of
interest.
∴
Sol. Rs. 980 – Rs. 944 = 36.
∴ 25% of interest = Rs. 36
36 × 100
∴ 100% =
25
= Rs. 144
Hence the interest of three years = Rs. 144.
Therefore, Principal = 944 – 144 = Rs. 800
144 × 100
Rate = = 6% Ans.
800 × 3
Example 2. Mahajan lends out Rs. 9 on the condition that the loan is payable in 10 months by 10
equal instalmets of Re. 1. Find the rate per cent per annum.
Sol. Let the interest be Rs. x per month per rupee.
∴ Interest on Rs. 9 for 1 month = 9x
Interest on Rs. 8 for 1 month = 8x
Interest on Rs. 7 for 1 month = 7x
Interest on Rs. 6 for 1 month = 6x
Interest on Rs. 5 for 1 month = 5x
Interest on Rs. 4 for 1 month = 4x
Interest on Rs. 3 for 1 month = 3x
 Arithmetic | 19A

Interest on Rs. 2 for 1 month = 2x

Interest on Rs. 1 for 1 month = 1x
Hence Total interest = 45x
But according to the problem this must be Re. 1
1
∴ 45x = 1 ⇒ x =
45
1
Interest for 1 month on Re. 1 =
45
100 × 12
Interest for 12 month on Rs. 100 = %
45
80 2
= % = 26 %. Ans.
3 3
3
Example 3. A man deposits Rs. 5,600 in a bank at 3 % annual interest. After 6 months he with-
4
draws Rs. 3,200 together with interest and after 6 months he withdraws the remaining money. How
much does he get as interest ?
1
5‚600 × × 15/4
2
Sol. S.I. or Rs. 5,600 for 6 months = = Rs. 105
100
He withdraw Rs. 3,200 together with interest, the remaining amount
= 5600 – 3200 = Rs. 2400
1
S.I. on Rs. 2,400 at the rate of 15/4 for years
2
1
2400 × × 15/4
2
= = Rs. 45
100
Total interest = 45 + 105
= Rs. 150. Ans.

EXERCISE 6
1. What must will amount to Rs. 720 in 2 years (B) Rs. 1,20,000
6 months at 5% per annum simple interest ? (C) Rs. 1,10,000
(A) Rs. 540 (B) Rs. 640 (D) Rs. 1,30,000
(C) Rs. 600 (D) Rs. 700 (E) None of these
(E) None of these 4. A man derives his income from an investment
2. A certain sum given on simple interest be- of Rs. 2,000 at a certain rate of interest and
came double in 20 yrs. In how many years Rs. 1,600 at 2% higher. The whole interest in
will it be four times ? 3 yrs. is Rs. 960. Find the rate of interest.
(A) 40 years (B) 20 years 1 1
(A) 8 % (B) 8 %
(C) 60 years (D) 80 years 2 3
(E) None of these 2
(C) 8% (D) 8 %
3. Find out the capital required to earn a 3
monthly interest of Rs. 600 per month as 6% (E) None of these
simple interest. 5. A sum of Rs. 1,550 was lent partly at 5% and
(A) Rs. 1,00,000 partly at 8% simple interest. The total interest
20A | Arithmetic

received after 3 yrs. was Rs. 300. The ratio of (C) 12 : 13 (D) 20 : 21
money lent at 5% to 8% is : (E) None of these
(A) 5 : 8 (B) 8 : 5 8. A man buys a house and pays Rs. 8,000 cash
(C) 31 : 6 (D) 16 : 15 and Rs. 9,600 at 5 years credit at 4% per
annum simple interest. Find the cash price of
(E) None of these
the house.
6. Rs. 793 is divided into three parts as such that
(A) Rs. 16,000 (B) Rs. 17,600
their amount after 2, 3, amd 4 yrs. may be
equal, the rate of interest being 5%. Find ratio (C) Rs. 9,600 (D) Rs. 15,000
between these parts. (E) None of these
(A) 10 : 15 : 20 9. Find the simple interest on Rs. 600 from 3rd
1 1 1 March to 15th May of a year at 6% p.a.
(B) : : (A) Rs. 3·60 (B) Rs. 10·80
110 115 120
1 1 1 (C) Rs. 14·40 (D) Rs. 7·20
(C) : :
10 15 20 (E) None of these
(D) 110 : 115 : 120 10. A sum of Rs. 2,600 is lent in two parts so that
(E) None of these the interest on the first part for a period of
7. A trader marks two prices on his goods one 3 years at 5% may be equal to the interest on
for the cash payment and the other at the the second part for 6 years at 4%. The second
credit of 1 month. What will be the ratio part is equal to :
between the two prices if the rate of simple (A) Rs. 1,600 (B) Rs. 1,300
interest is 4% per annum ? (C) Rs. 1,000 (D) Rs. 1,200
(A) 25 : 26 (B) 300 : 301 (E) None of these
 CHAPTER–7

Compound Interest
Money is said to be lent at compound interest (C. I.) if the interest is not paid as soon as falls
due, but is added to the Principal after a fixed period, so that the amount at the end of period
becomes the principal for the next period. If A is the amount, C.I. is the compound interest, P is
the principal, R is the rate, and t is the time, then

⎛ R ⎞t
A = P ⎜ 1 + 100⎟
⎝ ⎠
⎡⎛ R ⎞t ⎤
C. I. = P ⎢⎢ ⎜ 1 + 100⎟ – 1 ⎥⎥
⎣⎝ ⎠ ⎦
Note : 1. If intrest is paid half yearly; time is doubled, and the rate is halved.
2. Compound interest for one year is equal to the simple interest for one year.

EXAMPLES
Example 1. The simple interest on certain sum of money for 3 years at 4% is Rs. 303·60. Find the
compound interest on the same sum for the same period at the same rate ?
∴
Sol. S.I. = Rs. 303·60, R = 4%, t = 3 years.
303·60 × 100
∴ P = = Rs. 2530
4×3
⎡⎛ R ⎞t ⎤
∴ C. I. = P ⎢⎢ ⎜ 1 + 100⎟ – 1⎥⎥
⎣⎝ ⎠ ⎦
⎡⎛ 4 ⎞3 ⎤
= 2530 ⎢⎢ ⎜ 1 + 100⎟ – 1⎥⎥
⎣⎝ ⎠ ⎦
⎡ ⎛ 26⎞ 3 ⎤
= 2530 ⎢⎢ ⎜ 25⎟ – 1⎥⎥
⎣⎝ ⎠ ⎦

= 2530 [1757615675
– 15625
]
⎡ 1951 ⎤
= 2530 ⎢⎢ 15625⎥⎥
⎣ ⎦
= Rs. 315·90 Ans.
22A | Arithmetic

Example 2. A sum of money put out at compound interest amounts in one year to Rs. 4050 and in
three years to Rs. 4723·92. Find the original sum and the rate of interest.
⎛ R ⎞3
Sol. 4723·92 = P ⎜ 1 + 100⎟ …(i)
⎝ ⎠
⎛ R ⎞
and 4050 = P ⎜ 1 + 100⎟ …(ii)
⎝ ⎠
Dividing (i) by (ii)
4723·92 ⎛1 + R ⎞ 2
⇒
4050
= ⎜ 100⎟
⎝ ⎠
472392 ⎛ R ⎞2
⇒ = ⎜ 1 + 100⎟
405000 ⎝ ⎠
2 × 4 × 9 × 9 × 27 × 27 ⎛ R ⎞2
⇒ = ⎜ 1 + 100⎟
2 × 25 × 81 × 10 × 10 ⎝ ⎠
Taking the square root of both sides
2 × 9 × 27 R
⇒ = 1+
5 × 9 × 10 100
27 R
⇒ = 1+
25 100
2 R
⇒ =
25 100
2 × 100
∴ R = = 8%
25
Putting the value of R in equation (ii), we get,
⎛ 8 ⎞
⇒ 4050 = P ⎜ 1 + 100⎟
⎝ ⎠
27
= P×
25
4050 × 25
∴ P =
27
= Rs. 3750 Ans.
3
Example 3. A sum of Rs. 13040 is borrowed at 3 % per annum. Compound interest is to be
4
repaid in two equal yearly instalments. Find the amount of each instalment.
Sol. Let yearly instalment be Rs. x
3
Now the amount in 1 year at the rate of 3 %
4
⎛ 15 ⎞
= 13040 ⎜ 1 + 4 × 100⎟
⎝ ⎠
= Rs. 13529
∴ Remaining money after the payment of 1 instalment = (Rs. 13529 – x)
 Arithmetic | 23A

3
Amount of (Rs. 13529 – x) in one year at the rate of interest of 3 %
4
⎛ 15 ⎞
= (13529 – x) ⎜ 1 + 4 × 100⎟
⎝ ⎠
83
= (13529 – x)
80
83 83 × 13529
Now (13529 – x) = x ⇒ (80 + 83)x = 83 × 13529 ⇒ x =
80 163
∴ x = Rs. 6889. Ans.

EXERCISE 7
1. Kamal borrows Rs. 500 from a bank. If the 5. The population of a town is 50,000. It
bank charges interest at 6% per annum, how decreases by 20 per thousand per year. Find
much amount shall he pay after 2 years ? out the population after 2 years.
(A) Rs. 560·00 (B) Rs. 561·80 (A) 46,000 (B) 46,200
(C) Rs. 572·70 (D) Rs. 512·40 (C) 48,020 (D) 48,320
(E) None of these (E) None of these
2. A sum of money placed at compound interest 6. If the population of a town at present is 10648
doubles itself in 4 years. In how many years and the rate of increment is 10% per year.
will it amount to 8 times ? What was the population before 3 years ?
(A) 6 years (B) 8 years (A) 10,000 (B) 9,000
(C) 12 years (D) 10 years (C) 11,000 (D) 8,000
(E) None of these (E) None of these
7. A father left a will of Rs. 16,400 for his two
3. Find the compound interest of Rs. 10,000 in sons aged 17 and 18 years. They must get
9 months at 4% per annum interest payable equal amounts when they are 20 years at 5%
quarterly. compound interest. Find the present share of
(A) Rs. 300 (B) Rs. 310 the younger son.
(C) Rs. 303 (D) Rs. 303·01 (A) Rs. 8,000 (B) Rs. 8,400
(E) None of these (C) Rs. 8,200 (D) Rs. 10,000
4. Some money was lent on 4% C.I. If the (E) None of these
difference in interest of second and the first 8. The compound interest on a sum of money for
year is Rs. 88, find out the sum. 2 years is Rs. 410 and the simple interest on
(A) Rs. 50,000 the same sum for the same period and at the
(B) Rs. 60,000 same rate is Rs. 400. Find the rate of interest.
(C) Rs. 65,000 (A) 4% (B) 3%
(D) Rs. 55,000 (C) 5% (D) 6%
(E) None of these (E) None of these
 CHAPTER– 8

Discount, Stock and Shares

Discount is the general term applied to the rebate made in the amount of a bill in consideration of a
cash payment.
True discount and present worth—Let the rate of interest be 5% per annum then Rs. 100 put out
to interest will amount to Rs. 105 in a year.
Now suppose A has to pay Rs. 105 at the end of a year and if B accepts Rs. 100 as present payment
of Rs. 105 due after a year, then a reduction of Rs. 5 is made in consideration of cash payment is called
the true discount on Rs. 105 and 100 is called the present worth.
(i) The sum due = present worth + True discount.
(ii) True discount = Interest on present worth.
Shares—To start with the industries big capital is needed. Then the capital is divided into large
number of equal shares and the public is asked to buy one or more shares of the company and become
its share holder.
The profit of the company after a certain period is divided among the share holders in proportion to
the share held by them. These profits. are called Dividends.
If a share of Rs. 10 fetched Rs. 10 cash the share is said to be at par. If share of Rs. 10 standing at
Rs. 9 is said to be at 1 discount or 1 below par and the share of Rs. 10 standing at Rs. 11 is at
1 premium or 1 above par.
Stock—The capital of the company is known as Stock.
Stock can be sold or purchased like shares.

EXERCISE 8
1. A Rs. 400 note drawn upon 12th Aug. 1962 2. What is the cash value of Rs. 4500 stock at
for 90 days is deposited at the bank on 17th Rs. 86·75 ?
1
Sept. 1962. The bank charges a 6 % dis- (A) Rs. 4000·50 (B) Rs. 3900·25
2
(C) Rs. 3903·75 (D) Rs. 3894·25
count. What will be the amount received by
(E) None of these
the depositor ? (A year may be taken of 360
days). 3 . A man invested Rs. 14400 in the hundred
rupees shares of a company at 20% premium.
(A) Rs. 395·20 (B) Rs. 396·10
If the company declares 5% dividend at the
(C) Rs. 397·40 (D) Rs. 394·95 end of the year how much does he get ?
(E) None of these (A) 720 (B) 600
 Arithmetic | 25A

(C) 500 (D) 650 1

4 %. Find the change in my income (Brocke-
(E) None of these 2
rage being 25 paisa per share).
4. How much income shall be received by
(A) Rs. 47 increase (B) Rs. 50 increase
investing Rs. 1,260 in 3% stock at 84 ?
(C) Rs. 48 increase (D) Rs. 45 increase
(A) Rs. 50 (B) Rs. 55
(E) None of these
(C) Rs. 40 (D) Rs. 45
(E) None of these 7. A person finds that if he invests his money in
1
5. A man invests Rs. 27000 partly in 6% stock the 4 % stock at Rs. 96, his income will be
2
at Rs. 126 and partial in 5% stock at Rs. 120. greater by Rs. 100 than if he invests in the 4%
If his income is the same from both stocks
stock at Rs. 88. Find the money which he
find the two investments.
invests.
(A) 1300 and 1400
(A) Rs. 35,200 (B) Rs. 1,05,600
(B) 1250 and 1450
(C) Rs. 70,400 (D) Rs. 17,600
(C) 12600 and 14400
(E) None of these
(D) 1360 and 1340
(E) None of these 8. If the rate of dividend is 5%, find the income
by purchasing 20 shares of Rs. 50 each at
6. I invest Rs. 12,805 in the 4% stock at Rs. Rs. 50
1 5 (A) Rs. 60 (B) Rs. 50
98 %. When they have risen to Rs. 102 %, I
4 8 (C) Rs. 40 (D) Rs. 30
5
sell and reinvest the proceeds at Rs. 105 % in (E) None of these
8
 CHAPTER– 9

Work and Time

In each of the questions related to work and time, first of all the work done in 1 day is
calculated. Then time taken to do total work is calculated by dividing 1 by the work done in one
day. In other words.
1
Work done in 1 day =
Total number of days rquired to complete the work
1
and total number of days required to complete the work =
work done in 1 day
1
If a person completes a work in 10 days, then his work for 1 day = and if a person does
10
1 1
work in one day, then he will complete the whole work in 1 ÷ = 10 days.
10 10
Note—1. If A completes a work in x days and B in y days then ratio of works done by in 1 day will be
y : x.
2. If A does twice of the work done by B, then the ratio between the works done by A and B will
be 2 : 1.
If the number of days to complete the work is less than the number of people required to complete
the work will be more. In other words the ratio in which the number of people will increase, the number
of days decreased will be in the ratio. For example, if 5 people complete a work in 4 days, then number
of days required by 1 person to complete will be 4 × 5 = 20 days.

EXAMPLES
Example 1. 16 boys take 12 days to complete a work while 12 men do the same work in 8 days
16 men began to work. After 3 days 6 men left but 4 boys joined them. In how many days will be the
remaining work be completed ?
Sol. 16 boys do in 12 days 1 work
1 1
∴ 1 boy will do in 1 day = =
16 × 12 192
1 1
Similarly 1 man will do in 1 day = =
12 × 8 96
1
Work of 1 boy 192 1
∴ = =
Work of 1 man 1 2
96
⇒ Work of 2 boys = Work of 1 man
∴ (16 – 6) men + 4 boys = 10 men + 2 men = 12 men
 Arithmetic | 27A

1 1
and work done by 16 men in 3 days = × 16 × 3 =
96 2
1 1
∴ Remaining work = 1 – =
2 2
·.· 12 men do 1 work in = 8 days
1 8 × 12 × 1
∴ 12 men do work in = = 4 days Ans.
2 12 × 2
Example 2. 16 men can do a piece of work in 16 dyas. 4 days after they started the work, 8 more
men joined them. How many days will they now take to complete the remaining work ?
Sol. Work done by 16 men in 16 days = 1
4 1
∴ Work done by 16 men in 4 days = =
16 4
1 3
Remaining work = 1 – =
4 4
Total no. of men now = 16 + 8 = 24
· .· 16 men do 1 work in = 6 days
3 16 × 16 × 3
∴ 24 men do work in = = 8 days Ans.
4 24 × 4
Example 3. Ramesh can do a work in 20 days. He worked alone for 10 days. Remaining work was
completed with the help of Dinesh in 2 days. In how many days will the work be completed by both
together ?
1
Sol. Work of Ramesh for 1 day =
20
1 1
∴ Workd of Ramesh for 10 dyas = × 10 =
20 2
1 1
Remaining work = 1 – =
2 2
1
· .· work is done by (Ramesh + Dinesh) = 2 days
2
∴ 1 work is done by (Ramesh + Dinesh) = 2 × 2 = 4 days Ans.
Example 4. A water tank is filled by a pipe P alone in 30 minutes and by pipe Q alone in 40
minutes. Pipe R can empty the same tank in 25 minutes. If all the three pipes are opened together, how
long will they take to fill the tank ?
1
Sol. Part of tank filled by P in 1 minute =
30
1
Part of tank filled by Q in 1 minute =
40
1
Part emptied by R in 1 minute =
25
1 1 1 20 + 15 – 24 11
∴ Tank filled by (P + Q + R) in 1 minute = + – = =
30 40 25 600 600
11
· .· part is filled in = 1 minute
600
600 6
∴ Full tank is filled in = = 54 minutes Ans.
11 11
1
Example 5. Sohan completes th of the work daily. If Sohan and Deepak together complete the
10
work in 6 days, then in how many days will Deepak alone take to complete the work ?
28A | Arithmetic

1
Sol. Work of Sohan for 1 day =
10
1
and work of (Sohan + Deepak) for 1 day =
6
1 1 1
∴ Work of Deepak for 1 day = – =
6 10 15
1
· .· work is done by Deepak in =1 day
15
∴ 1 work is done by Deepak in = 15 days Ans.

EXERCISE 9
1. 14 persons can complete a work in 16 days. (C) 3 hours (D) 2 hours
8 persons started the work 12 days after they (E) None of these
started the work 8 more persons joined them. 6. Ganesh, Ram and Sohan together can do a
How many days will they take to complete work in 16 dyas. If Ganesh and Ram together
the remaining work ? can do the same work in 24 days then, how
(A) 12 (B) 7 long will take Sohan alone to do the same
work ?
(C) 9 (D) 5
(A) 42 days (B) 24 days
(E) None of these
(C) 36 days (D) 48 days
2. 15 men can complete a work in 10 days while
20 boys can complete the same work in 15 (E) None of these
days. How many days will 10 men and 10 7. A and B together can do a work in 8 days. If
boys together take to complete the same A alone can do it in 12 days, then in how
work ? many days can B alone do it ?
(A) 10 (B) 8 (A) 12 (B) 20
(C) 12 (D) 9 (C) 24 (D) 28
(E) None of these (E) None of these
3. 14 workers can make 1400 toys in 5 days. 8. A and B together can do a work in 24 days. B
1
One day after they strated the work 14 more alone does its part in 12 days. How long
3
workers joined them. How many days will
will A alone take to do the remaining work ?
they take to complete the remaining work ?
(A) 48 (B) 36
(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 24 (D) 72
(C) 4 (D) 3 12 (E) None of these
(E) None of these 9. Ram, Dilip and Shekhar can complete a work
4 . 14 men can complete a work in 12 days. 4 in 20 days. If Ram and Dilip together can
days after they started the work, 2 more men complete the same work in 30 days, then how
joined them. How many days will they take to long will Shekhar take to complete it ?
complete the remaining work ? (A) 60 (B) 62
(A) 9 (B) 5 (C) 40 (D) 56
(C) 6 (D) 7 (E) None of these
(E) None of these 10. A and B separately can complete a work in 6
days and 3 days respectively. If they work
5. Rohan and Sunil separately can complete a together, then in how many days will they
work in 8 hours and 4 hours respectively. complete the work.
How much time will they take when working (A) 4 (B) 3
together ? (C) 2 (D) 5
(A) 2 23 hours (B) 1 13 hours (E) None of these
 CHAPTER–10

Speed, Time and Distance

Main Formulae
Distance Distance
1. Distance = Speed × Time 2. Speed = 3. Time =
Time Speed
Note—While using the formulae given above, main consideration is of their units.
(i) If distance is given in kilometre, then speed should be in km/hr and time in hours.
(ii) If distance is given in metre, then speed should be in m/sec and time in seconds.
5
(iii) If speed is given in km/hr, then in order to convert it, in m/sec, it is multiplied by .
18
5
For example, 18 km/hr = 18 × = 5 m/sec
18
18
(iv) If speed is given in m/sec, then in order to convert it, in km/hr, it is multiplied by .
5
18
For example, 10 m/sec = 10 × = 36 km/hr
5
Relative speed
(i) If two trains are going in the same direction, then their relative speed is equal to the difference
of their speeds.
(ii) If two trains are going in opposite direction, then their relative speed is equal to the sum of
their speeds.
Ratio—(i) If the ratio between the speeds of two moving objects be a : b, then the ratio between
the times in covering the same distance will be b : a.
(ii) If two objects A and B moving in opposite directions from two different place and reach at the
common place in t1 and t2 hours respectively

Speed of A t2
Then =
Speed of B t1 i.e., speed is inversely proportional to time.
Average speed
If a moving object travels from A to B at the speed of x km/hr and from B to A at the speed of y
km/hr, then
2xy
Its average speed for the whole journey = km/hr.
(x + y)
Some Instructions in concern with train
1. When a train is clearing a pole or a man, then distance covered by the train is equal to its length.
30A | Arithmetic

2. When a train passes a platform or a bridge or a tunnel, then distance covered is equal to the sum
of its length and the length of the platform or bridge or tunnel.
3. When a moving train crosses another train, then distance covered is euqal to the sum of the
lengths of both the trains.
4. x1 metre long train is moving with y1 metre/sec and x2 metre long another train is moving with
y2 metre/sec.
(i) If both the trains are running in the same direction then time taken by fast train to cross the
slow train
x +x
= 1 2
y1 ~ y2
Sum of the lengths of both trains
=
Difference of their speeds
(ii) If the trains are running in opposite directions then time taken to pass one another
x + x2
= 1
y1 + y2
Sum of the lengths of both trains
=
Some of their speeds
Example—A train 100 metre long is running at the speed of 21 km/hr and another train 150 metre
long is running at the speed of 36 km/hr in the same direction. How long will the faster train take to
pass the first train ?
Sol. : Sum of the lengths of both the trains = x1 + x2 = 100 + 150
= 250 m
Difference of their speeds = y1 ~ y2 = 21 ~ 36
= 15 km/hr
5
= 15 × m/sec
18
25
= m/sec
6
250
∴ Required time = = 60 seconds Ans.
25
6
Question with office concern
A person walking at x km/hr reaches his office t1 minutes late. If he walks at y km/hr, he reaches
there t2 minutes earlier, then
x × y t1 + t2
The distance of the office from his house = × km.
y–x 60
1 1
Example—A person walking at 2 km/hr, reaches his office 6 minutes late. If he walks 3 km/hr,
2 2
he reaches there 6 minutes earlier. How far is the office from his house ?
1 1
2 2 × 32 6 + 6
Sol. : Required distance = 1 1 × km
32 –2 2 60
5 7
×
2 2 12
= × km
1 60
35 1 7 3
= × = km = 1 km Ans.
4 5 4 4
 Arithmetic | 31A

Boats and Stream

(i) If a boat or a swimmer moves against the stream, then it is called upstream and if it moves in
the direction of stream, then it is called Downstream.
(ii) When the speed of a boat or a swimmer is given, then we mean, the speed of the boat or
swimmer in still water.
Main Formulae
If the speed of a swimmer or a boat be x km/hr and the speed of the stream by y km/hr, then
(i) Speed of the boat or swimmer in down stream = u km/hr
= (x + y) km/hr
(ii) Speed of the boat or swimmer in upstream = v km/hr
= (x – y) km/hr
1
(iii) Speed of the boat or swimmer in still water = (Speed of the boat upstream + speed of the
2
boat downstream)
1
= (u + v)
2
1
(iv) Speed of the stream = (Speed of boat downstream – speed of boat
2
upstream)
1
= (u – v)
2
EXAMPLES
Example 1. A car takes 5 hours to cover a distance of 300 km. How much should the speed in
4
km/hr be maintained to cover the same distance in th of the previous time ?
5
Sol. Distance = 300 km
4
Time = of 5 = 4 hours
5
Distance 300
∴ Required speed = =
Time 4
= 75 km/hr Ans.
Example 2. Lakshman covers a distance of 6 km in 45 minutes. If he covers half the distance in
2
rd of the time then, what speed should he maintain to cover the remaining distance in remaining time?
3
Sol. Total distance = 6 km
∴ Half distance = 3 km
Total time = 45 minutes
2
∴ Time taken to cover the distance of 3 km = 45 × = 30 minutes
3
∴ Remaining time = 45 – 30 = 15 minutes
1
= hour
4
32A | Arithmetic

and remaining distance = 6 – 3 = 3 km

3
∴ Required speed = = 12 km/hr Ans.
1
4
Example 3. A man coveres a distance of 160 km at 64 km/hr and next 160 km at 80 km/hr. What
is his average speed for his whole journey of 320 km ?
160 160
Sol. Total time = +
64 80
= 4·5 hours
and total distance = 160 + 160
= 320 km
320
∴ Average speed = = 71·11 km/hr Ans.
4·5
Short cut Method :
2 × First speed × Second speed
Average speed =
(First speed + Second speed)
2 × 64 × 80
=
(64 + 80)
10240
=
144
= 71·11 km/hr Ans.

Example 4. What will be the length of the train P when it is running at 60 km/hr and crosses
another train Q running in opposite direction, in 18 seconds ? In order to answer this question which of
the statements (a) and (b) is/are sufficient ?
(a) Length of the train Q is 80 metre
(b) Speed of the train Q is 90 km/hr
Sol. Both statements (a) and (b) together are necessary
· . · The trains are running in opposite directions
∴ Relative speed = 90 + 60 = 150 km/hr
150 × 5
=
18
125
= m/sec.
3
If the length of the train P be x metre.
125
Then x + 80 = × 18
3
⇒ x + 80 = 750
∴ x = 750 – 80 = 670 m Ans.
Example 5. A boat takes 3 hour to go from P to Q downstream and from Q to P upstream. What is
the speed of the boat in still water ? To know the answer of this question, the knowledge of which of the
statements (a) and (b) is/are sufficient ?
(a) The distance between P and Q is 6 km.
(b) The speed of the river is 2 km/hr.
 Arithmetic | 33A

Sol. Both statements (a) and (b) together are necessary to the question.
Let the speed of the boat in still water be x km/hr.
∴ Speed of the boat down stream = (x + 2) km/hr
and speed of the boat upstream = (x – 2) km/hr
∴ 6 6
3 = +
x+2 x–2
3 1 1
⇒ = +
6 x+2 x–2
1 x–2+x+2
⇒ =
2 (x + 2) (x – 2)
⇒ 4x = x2 – 4
⇒ 2
x – 4x – 4 = 0
∴ x = (2 ± 2 ⎯
√ 2 ) = 2 (1 ± ⎯√ 2 )
Now x can be calculated. Ans.

EXERCISE 10
1. A railway train crosses another train which is 3. A train running with a uniform speed crosses
running in opposite direction with speed of 80 a platform in 20 seconds. To determine the
km/hr, in 12 seconds. To find the speed of the speed of the train, the knowledge of which of
first train, the knowledge of which of the two the statements (a) and (b) is/are sufficient ?
statements (a) and (b) is/are sufficient ? (a) Length of the train
(a) Length of the first train. (b) Length of the platform
(b) Length of the second train. (A) Only (a) is sufficient
(A) Either (a) or (b) alone is sufficient (B) Only (b) is sufficient
(B) Only (b) is sufficient (C) Either (a) or (b) is sufficient
(D) (a) and (b) together are also not suffi-
(C) (a) and (b) both together are needed
cient
(D) (a) and (b) together is also not sufficient
(E) (a) and (b) both together are necessary
(E) Only (a) alone is sufficient
4. A train is running at the speed of 84 km per
2. A boat takes 3 hour to go from P to Q down- hour. If it passes a man walking in opposite
stream and from Q to P upstream. What is the direction at the speed of 6 km/hr in 4 seconds,
speed of the boat in still water ? To know the what is the length of the train in metre ?
answer of this question the knowledge of (A) 75 (B) 180
which of the statements (a) and (b) is/are (C) 200 (D) 150
sufficient ?
(E) None of these
(a) The speed of the current is 1 km/hr. 5. If a 100 metre long train which is moving at
(b) The distance between P and Q is 4 km. 50 km. per hour, crosses another train which
(A) (a) and (b) together are not sufficient is 120 metre long and moving in opposite
direction in 6 seconds, what is the speed of
(B) (a) and (b) together are needed the second train ?
(C) (a) alone is sufficient (A) 132 km/hr (B) 83 km/hr
(D) (b) alone is sufficient (C) 60 km/hr (D) 50 km/hr
(E) Either (a) or (b) is sufficient (E) None of these
34A | Arithmetic

6. A train running at a speed of 120 km/hr (A) 250 m (B) 150 m

crosses another train running in opposite (C) 900 m (D) Data inadequate
direction in 9 seconds. To find out the length
(E) None of these
of the first train, the knowledge of which of
the statements (P) and (Q) is/are sufficient ? 9. Train A, crosses another train B running in
(P) Speed of the second train opposite direction in 9 seconds. What is the
speed of the train A ? To know the answer of
(Q) Length of the second train
this question the knowledge of which of the
(A) Only (P) is sufficient following statement is/are sufficient ?
(B) (Q) alone is sufficient (i) Speed of the train B
(C) Either (P) or (Q) is sufficient (ii) Length of the train A
(D) (P) and (Q) together are also not suffi- (iii) Length of the train B
cient (A) (i) alone is sufficient
(E) (P) and (Q) together are necessary (B) (ii) and (iii) together are necessary
7. A boat travels from P to Q along the current (C) (i), (ii) and (iii) together are necessary
and from Q to P against the current in (D) (i), (ii) and (iii) together are not
3 hours. If the speed of the boat in still water sufficient
is 4 km/hr then, what is the distance between (E) (i) and (ii) are sufficient ?
P and Q ? 10. 150 metre long train takes 10 seconds to pass
(A) 8 km (B) 6 km a man who is going in the same direction at
(C) 12 km (D) Data inadequate the speed of 2 km/hr. What is the speed of the
train ?
(E) None of these
(A) 52 km/hr (B) 56 km/hr
8. A train running at 90 km/hr crosses a pole in (C) 84 km/hr (D) Data inadequate
10 seconds. What is the length of the train ? (E) None of these
 CHAPTER–11

Unitary Method
The method in which the value of a unit is first found is called the Unitary Method.
Therefore, in solving any question by this method the value of 1 unit is first found and then the
value of those units is found which is to be found.
The following points are to be kept in mind while solving the questions by this method :
1. The term in which the answer is to be calculated, is always put to the right hand side.
2. The term to the right hand side is never put in the denominator.
3. If on reducing to the unit, a smaller result is expected, then the right hand term is divided by the
left hand term.
4. If on reducing to the unit, a greater result is expected, then the right hand term is multiplied by
the left hand term.
EXAMPLES
Example 1. The price of one dozen pens is Rs. 540. What will be the price of 319 such pens ?
Sol. · .· Price of 12 pens = Rs. 540
540
⇒ Price of 1 pen =
12
540 × 319
∴ Price of 319 pens = = Rs. 14355 Ans.
12
Example 2. A chair costs Rs. 341 and a table costs Rs. 852. What will be the approximate cost of
5 dozens of chairs and 4 dozens of tables ?
Sol. 5 dozens = 12 × 5 = 60
and 4 dozen = 12 × 4 = 48
· .· Cost of 1 chair = Rs. 341
⇒ Cost of 60 chairs = 341 × 60 = Rs. 20460
and cost of 1 table = Rs. 852
⇒ Cost of 48 tables = 852 × 48 = Rs. 40896
∴ Cost of 5 dozens of chairs and 4 dozens of tables
= 20460 + 40896 = Rs. 61356 Ans.
Example 3. A tank can be filled by 20 buckets each of capacity 13·5 litre. If the capacity of each
bucket be 9 litre, how many bucket will fill the same tank ?
Sol. · .· To fill the tank the number of buckets each of capacity 13·5 litre required is 20.
⇒ To fill the tank the number of buckets each of capacity 1 litre required is
= 20 × 13·5
∴ To fill the tank the number of buckets each of capacity 9 litre required is
20 × 13·5
= = 30 buckets. Ans.
9
36A | Arithmetic

Example 4. If 4 men or 7 women do a work in 60 days, in how many days will 8 men and 7
women finish the same work ?
Sol. · .· Work of 4 men = work of 7 women
7
∴ Work of 1 man = work of women
4
7
∴ Work of 8 men = work of × 8 = 14 women
4
∴ Work of 8 men and 7 women = work of (14 + 7) = 21 women
· .· 7 women complete the work in 60 days.
⇒ 1 woman complete the work in (60 × 7) days.
60 × 7
∴ 21 women will complete the work in = = 20 days Ans.
21

EXERCISE 11
1. If the weight of 13 metre long rod is 23·4 kg, 6. 357 mangoes cost Rs. 1517·25, then what is
what is the weight of 6 metre long rod ? the cost of 49 dozen of mangoes ?
(A) 7·2 kg (B) 10·8 kg (A) Rs. 2,500 (B) Rs. 2,600
(C) 12·4 kg (D) 18·0 kg (C) Rs. 3,000 (D) Rs. 2,200
(E) None of these (E) None of these
2. If the cost of three dozens mangoes is Rs. 245, 7. Cost of 7000 bricks is Rs. 5740. Cost of
what will be the approximate cost of 353 luggage to carry the bricks to the building
mangoes ? place is Rs. 805. What is the cost at per
(A) Rs. 2,200 (B) Rs. 2,000 thousand bricks ?
(C) Rs. 2,400 (D) Rs. 2,600 (A) Rs. 900 (B) Rs. 800
(E) None of these (C) Rs. 935 (D) Rs. 750
1 (E) None of these
3. If the cost of th of kg is Rs. 0·60, then what
4 8. Five dozen toys are packed in a box and 98
is the cost of 200 gm. boxes are kept in one tempo. How many
(A) 42 paise (B) 48 paise tempoes can lift 2,9400 toys in one round ?
(C) 40 paise (D) 50 paise (A) 4 (B) 5
(E) None of these (C) 7 (D) 6
(E) None of these
4. The cost of 2 tables is equal to the cost of 5
1
chairs. If the difference of the cost of one 9. Cost of th dozen of bananas is Rs. 2·38, then
4
table and one chair is Rs. 1,200, then the cost
what is the approximate cost of 42 dozen of
of one chair is ?
bananas ?
(A) Rs. 500 (B) Rs. 400
(A) Rs. 430 (B) Rs. 540
(C) Rs. 800 (D) Rs. 600 (C) Rs. 380 (D) Rs. 400
(E) None of these (E) None of these
5. When a 192 metre long rod is cut down into 10. Cost of 1 chair is Rs. 214 and cost of one
small pieces of length 3·2 metre each. Then table, is Rs. 937, then what is the approximate
how many pieces are available ? cost of 6 dozen chairs and 4 dozen tables ?
(A) 52 (B) 68 (A) Rs. 60,000 (B) 58,000
(C) 62 (D) 58 (C) 55,000 (D) 62,000
(E) None of these (E) None of these
 CHAPTER–12

Problems Based on Ages

Generally problems based on ages are asked in all competitive examinations. These questions are
solved with the help of Algebra. Therefore, the knowledge of equations is essential for this. But simple
formulae are also helpful in solving some problems.
Essential points :
1. If the present age of A is x years, the age of A, n years ago was (x –n) years and the age of A
after n years will be (x + n) years.
2. The present ages of A and B are x years and y years respectively. If the age of A is 3 times the
age of B, then the equation will be as follows :
x = 3y
or, x – 3y = 0

EXAMPLES
Example 1. The ratio between the present ages of Naveen and Prabhat is 4 : 5. If after 5 years the
ratio of the present age of Prabhat and the age of Prabhat at that time is 7 : 8, what will be the ratio
between the present age of Naveen and Naveen’s age after 4 years ?
Sol. Let the present age of Naveen be 4x years
∴ Present age of Prabhat = 5x years
∴ 5x 7
=
5x + 5 8
⇒ 40x = 35x + 35
⇒ 40x – 35x = 35
⇒ 5x = 35
∴ x = 7
∴ Present age of Naveen = 4 × 7 = 28 years.
and age of Naveen after 4 years = 28 + 4 = 32 years
28
∴ Reqd. ratio = =7:8 Ans.
32
1
Example 2. Pushpa was married 6 years ago. Her present age is 1 times of the age at the time of
4
1
her marriage. Her son’s age is th of her present age. What is the present age of her son ?
10
Sol. Let the present age of Pushpa be x years
∴ 5
x = (x – 6)
4
⇒ 4x = 5x – 30
38A | Arithmetic

⇒ x = 30
x 30
∴ Her son’s age = = = 3 years Ans.
10 10
1
Example 3. Atul is 30 years younger than his uncle today. 5 years ago Atul was th as old as his
4
uncle. How old will Atul’s uncle be 5 years from today ?
Sol. Let the present age of the uncle be x years
∴
Atul’s present age = (x – 30) years
and uncle’s age 5 years ago = (x – 5) years
∴ Atul’s age 5 years ago = (x – 30 – 5) years = (x – 35) years
∴ 1
(x – 5) = x – 35
4
⇒ 4x – 140 = x–5
⇒ 4x – x = – 5 + 140
⇒ 3x = 135
135
∴ x = = 45 years
3
∴ Age of uncle after 5 years = 45 + 5 = 50 years Ans.
4
Example 4. Age of Satish who is 40 years old, is times of Madan and Madan is older than Ajay
7
by 50 years. If Vijay’s age is just between the age of Ramesh and Ajay and Ramesh is 30 years old,
what is age of Vijay ?
4
Sol. Satish’s age = of the age of Madan
7
4
∴ 40 = of the age of Madan
7
40 × 7
∴ Madan’s age = = 70 years
4
∴ Ajay’s age = 70 – 50 = 20 years
∴ But Ramesh’s age = 30 years
20 + 30
∴ Vijay’s age = = 25 years Ans.
2
Example 5. If from the present age of Guljar 6 years is subtracted and the remainder is divided by
18, the result is the present age of his grandson Anup. If Anup is 2 years younger to Mahesh and
Mahesh at present is 5 years old, what is the present age of Guljar ?
Sol. Let the present ages of Guljar and Anup be x years and y years respectively.
∴
According to the first condition
x–6
= y
18
∴ x = 18y + 6 …(1)
According to the second condition
y = 5–2
∴ y = 3 …(2)
∴ x = 6 + 54 = 60
∴ The present age of Guljar is 60 years. Ans.
 Arithmetic | 39A

EXERCISE 12
1. The ratio between the present ages of Sudhir the age of Pradhan and his father was 1 : 5.
and Madan is 4 : 5. If after five years the ratio What is the present age of Pradhan’s father ?
of their ages becomes 5 : 6, what is the (A) 40 years
present age of Sudhir ? (B) 50 years
(A) 18 years (B) 20 years (C) 56 years
(C) 22 years (D) 21 years (D) Data is inadequate
(E) None of these (E) None of these
2. 5 years ago, the age of Lata was two times the 7. The age ratio in the ages of A and B, 1 year
age of Arun. 10 years hence from today the ago was 3 : 4. While it will be 5 : 6 after 1
4 year. What is the present age of B ?
age of Lata will be times the age of Arun.
3 (A) 3 years
What is the present age of Lata ?
(B) 4 years
(A) 20 years (B) 22 years
(C) 6 years
(C) 24 years (D) 18 years
(D) Data is inadequate
(E) None of these
(E) None of these
3. The ratio between the present ages of Kunal
8. The ratio in the ages of Vimal and Aruna is
and Ganesh is 3 : 5. If 4 years hence Kunal
3 : 5 and the sum of their ages is 80 years.
will be younger than Ganesh by 12 years,
What will be the ratio in their ages after 10
what is the present age of Kunal ?
years ?
(A) 17 years (B) 19 years
(A) 3 : 2 (B) 3 : 5
(C) 22 years (D) 16 years
(C) 2 : 3 (D) 1 : 2
(E) None of these
(E) None of these
4. If a son is younger than his father by 25 years 9. The age of Sushil 6 years ago was three times
and the father was 45 years old 4 years ago, the age of Snehal. 6 years hence the age of
what will be the total age of the father and son 5
after 5 years ? Sushil would be times that of Snehal. What
3
(A) 82 years (B) 88 years is the present age of Snehal.
(C) 83 years (D) 78 years (A) 14 years (B) 22 years
(E) None of these (C) 18 years (D) 21 years
5. The sum of the ages of Yogesh, Prakash and (E) None of these
Sameer is 93 years. 10 years ago the ratio of 10. The ratio in the present ages of Ramesh and
their ages was 2 : 3 : 4. What is the present Jayesh is 3 : 2. Four years ago Ramesh’s age
age of Sameer ? was more than Jayesh’s age by 6 years. What
(A) 32 years (B) 24 years is the present age of Jayesh ?
(C) 34 years (D) 42 years (A) 18 years
(E) None of these (B) 12 years
3 (C) 6 years
6. After 6 years Pradhan’s age will be times
7 (D) Data is inadequate
the age of his father. 10 years ago the ratio in (E) None of these
 CHAPTER– 13

Problems Based on Fraction

Fraction—The relation to represent some part of the body to the whole body is known Fraction.
4
For Example— means 4 parts taken out of 5 equal parts of body.
5
1
One-quarter part of the body = of it
4
1
One-third part of the body = of it
3
1
Half part of the body = of it
2
3
Three-fourth part of the body = of it
4
Whole part of the body = 1 of it
1
One-seventh part of the body = of it
7
1
and One-fifth part of the body = of it
5
Numerator—The upper part of a fraction is known as numerator of the fraction.
Denominator—The lower part of a fraction is known as denominator of the fraction.

EXAMPLES

Example 1. Prakash gave one-fourth of his money to Sameer in turn gave half of what he received
to Jayesh. If the difference between the money left with Prakash and the money received by Jayesh is of
Rs. 500, what did Sameer get from prakash ?
Sol. Let the money initially with Prakash be Rs. x
x
∴ Money received by Sameer from Prakash = Rs.
4
1 x
and money received by Jayesh = ×
2 4
x
= Rs. 8
x
∴ Money left with Prakash = x –
4
3x
= Rs.
4
 Arithmetic | 41A

∴ 3x x
– = 500
4 8
5x
⇒ = 500
8
8
∴ x = 500 ×
5
= Rs. 800
x
∴ Money received by Sameer from Prakash =
4
800
=
4
= Rs. 200 Ans.
2
Example 2. Prashant gave 30% of his money to Tarun. Tarun in turn gave rd of what he received
3
to Jayesh. Jayesh gave Rs. 100 from the money he received to a taxi driver, then he is left with Rs. 300.
What was the money with Prashant initially ?
Sol. Let the money initially with Prashant be Rs. x.
∴ Money received by Tarun from Prashant = 30% of x
3x
= Rs.
10
2 3x
and money received by Jayesh from Tarun = ×
3 10
x
= Rs.
5
∴ x
– 100 = 300
5
x
⇒ = 300 + 100
5
= 400
∴ x = 400 × 5
= Rs. 2000 Ans.
1 1
Example 3. th part of the money of Nikhil is equal to th part of the money of Yogesh. If total
4 6
sum of money of both is equal to Rs. 600 then. What is the difference of their money ?
Sol. Let the money with Nikhil be Rs. x
∴ Total money of both = Rs. 600
∴ Money with Yogesh = Rs. (600 – x)
∴ 1 1
of x = of (600 – x)
4 6
⇒ 6x = 2400 – 4x
⇒ 6x + 4x = 2,400
2‚400
∴ x = = Rs. 240
10
∴ Money with Yogesh = 600 – 240 = Rs. 360
∴ Reqd. difference = 360 – 240 = Rs. 120 Ans.
42A | Arithmetic

2
Example 4. 70 cm long wire is cut into two parts such that first part is equal to th of the second
5
part. What is the length of the small wire ?
Sol. Let the length of the second part be x cm
2x
∴ Length of the first part = cm
5
∴ 2x
x+ = 70
5
7x
⇒ = 70
5
70 × 5
∴ x = = 50
7
∴ Length of the small wire = 70 – 50
= 20 cm Ans.
1 1
Example 5. In an office there are 114 tables and 129 chairs. If of the tables and of the chairs
6 3
are broken, how many people work in the office when each person requires one table and one chair ?
1
Sol. No. of tables broken = × 114 = 19
6
1
and no. of chairs broken = × 129 = 43
3
∴ No. of tables in working order = 114 – 19 = 95
and no. of chairs in working order = 129 – 43 = 86
∴
1 chair and 1 table are required by each person
∴ Reqd. number of working persons = 86 Ans.

EXERCISE 13
3 3. Arun buys a shirt for Rs. 180. He buys a kurta
1. A tank is filled with part of it with water. If
4 2
whose cost is of the cost of the shirt and
5 litre of water is added to it, the tank is filled 3
4 1
with part of it. What is the capacity of the also a saree whose cost is 2 times of the cost
5 2
tank ? of the shirt for his wife. How much did he
(A) 100 litre (B) 120 litre spend for all these items ?
(C) 50 litre (D) 110 litre (A) Rs. 450 (B) Rs. 500
(E) None of these (C) Rs. 600 (D) Rs. 380
1 (E) None of these
2. part of the marks obtained by Gauri in
3 1
History are equal to the marks obtained by her 4. Out of 150 donors, are men and remaining
3
in Geography. If her total marks in these both are women. Each male donor donates
subjects are equal to 160, how many marks Rs. 2,000 per year and each female donor
did she get in Geography ? 1
donates of that amount. What is the total
(A) 50 (B) 62 5
(C) 45 (D) 40 yearly collection through donations ?
(E) None of these (A) Rs. 1,50,000 (B) Rs. 1,50,250
 Arithmetic | 43A

(C) Rs. 1,40,350 (D) Rs. 1,40,200 1 1

8. th of the girls and th part of the boys
(E) None of these 5 8
participated in a social camp. Which part of
5. A 63 cm long wire is to cut into two pieces
2 the total students of the college took part ?
such that one piece will be as long as the 13
5 (A)
other. How many centimetre will the shorter 40
piece be ? 13
(B)
(A) 16 cm (B) 45 cm 80
2
(C) 22 cm (D) 18 cm (C)
13
(E) None of these
(D) Data is inadequate
3
6. The width of a rectangular hall is of its (E) None of these
4
9. One-fifth of Gopal’s expenditure is equal to
length. If the area of the hall is 300 sq. m,
one-half of his savings. If his monthly income
what is the difference between its length and
is Rs. 5,600 how much amount does he save
breadth ?
per month ?
(A) 4 m (B) 5 m
(A) Rs. 1,350 (B) Rs. 1,500
(C) 15 m (D) 8 m
(C) Rs. 1.680 (D) Rs. 1,400
(E) None of these
(E) None of these
7. Prabodh gave a portion of his money to 1
Subodh. Subodh in turn gave one-third of 10. Ragni gave part of her money to Jaya and
2
what he received to Amal and Amal gave 1
one-half of what he received to Prabir. If Jaya gave part of that money to Savita. If
4
Prabir got Rs. 5, how much money did Savita got Rs. 450 from Jaya, then how much
Prabodh have ? money Jaya get from Ragni ?
(A) Rs. 520 (A) Rs. 1,800
(B) Rs. 480 (B) Rs. 2,000
(C) Rs. 660 (C) Rs. 1,860
(D) Data is inadequate (D) Data is inadequate
(E) None of these (E) None of these
 CHAPTER– 14

Problems Based on Numbers

To solve the questions based on numbers, the number is to be written in algebraic form. For
the example let the number be x.
The numerator of a fraction is written in the following form—
3 3x
Three-fourth of a number = x × = .
4 4
2 2x
Two-third of a number = x × = .
3 3
Double of a number = 2x.
Thrice of a number = 3x.
x × 20 x
20% of a number = =
100 5
120x 6x
and 120% of a number = = .
100 5
3 1 3 30
30% of of one-third of a number = x × × × .
4 3 4 100
Three consecutive odd numbers are x , (x + 2) and (x + 4), or (x – 2), x and (x + 2), where x is an
odd number.
Similarly three consecutive even numbers are x, (x + 2) and (x + 4) or (x – 2), x and (x + 2) where x
is an even number.
Main Formulae :
(i) (x – y)2 = (x + y)2 – 4xy (ii) (x + y)2 = (x – y)2 + 4xy
(iii) (x + y)2 = x2 + 2xy + y2 (iv) (x – y)2 = x2 – 2xy + y2 and
1
(v) xy = [(x + y)2 – (x – y)2 ]
4
EXAMPLES
Example 1. The difference between the middle number of three consecutive odd numbers and the
middle number of three consecutive even numbers is 7. What will be the difference between the total of
these odd numbers and the total of those three even numbers ?
Sol. Let three consecutive odd numbers be x, x + 2and x + 4 and let three consecutive even
numbers by y, y + 2 and y + 4
∴
(x + 2) – (y + 2) = 7
∴ x–y = 7
∴ Sum of three consecutive odd numbers = x + x + 2 + x + 4
= 3x + 6
 Arithmetic | 45A

and sum of three consecutive even numbers = y + y + 2 + y + 4 = 3y + 6

∴ Reqd. difference = (3x + 6) – (3y + 6) = 3x – 3y
= 3(x – y) = 3 × 7 = 21 Ans.
Short-cut Method :
Let three consecutive odd numbers be y – 2, y and y + 2 respectively
∴ Total of these odd numbers = 3y
Let three consecutive even numbers be x – 2, x and x + 2 respectively
∴ Total of these even numbers = 3x
∴
x–y = 7
∴ 3x – 3y = 21 Ans.
Example 2. When 40% of first number is added to the second number the second number becomes
1·2 times of itself. What is the ratio between the first and second numbers ?
Sol. Let the first and second numbers be x and y respectively.
∴ 40
x× + y = 1·2y
100
2
⇒ × x = 1·2y – y
5
⇒ 2x = 0·2y × 5 = y
x 1
∴ =
y 2
∴ x:y = 1:2 Ans.
Example 3. The difference of two numbers of two digit each is 24 while the sum of these two
numbers is 102. What is the larger number ?
∴ Sum of two numbers + Difference of two numbers
Sol. Larger number =
2
102 + 24 126
= = = 63 Ans.
2 2
Example 4. The sum of three consecutive even numbers is 28 more than the average of these three
numbers. What is the first of these three numbers ?
Sol. Let the three consecutive even numbers be x, (x + 2) and (x + 4)
∴ x + (x + 2) + (x + 4)
x + (x + 2) + (x + 4) = + 28
3
⇒ (3x + 6) × 3 = 3x + 6 + 84
⇒ 9x + 18 = 3x + 90
⇒ 6x = 72
72
∴ x = = 12 Ans.
6
Example 5. The product of two numbers is 24 times the difference of these two numbers. If the
sum of these numbers is 14, what is the larger number ?
Sol. Let the larger number be x and the smaller be y
∴
xy = 24(x – y) …(1)
and x +y = 14 …(2)
But (x – y) 2 = (x + y)2 – 4xy
46A | Arithmetic

⇒ (x – y)2 = (14) 2 – 96(x – y)

⇒ (x – y)2 + 96(x – y) – 196 = 0
⇒ (x – y)2 + 98(x – y) – 2(x – y) – 196 = 0
⇒ (x – y) [x – y + 98] – 2[x – y + 98] = 0
⇒ (x – y + 98) (x – y – 2) = 0
∴ (x – y) = 2 or – 98
When x + y = 14
and x–y = 2
∴ x = 8
Hence the larger number is 8 Ans.

EXERCISE 14
1. The sum of three consecutive add numbers is 6. If one-third of a number is 10 more than one-
20 more than the first number of these. What fourth of the same number, what is 60% of
is the middle number ? that number ?
(A) 7 (B) 8 (A) 144 (B) 24
(C) 12 (D) 9 (C) 18 (D) 72
(E) None of these (E) None of these
2. The sum of three numbers is 174. The ratio of 7. The difference between a number of two-digit
second number to the third number is 9 : 16 and the number obtained by interchanging its
and the ratio of first to the third number is digits is 63. What is the difference between its
1 : 4. What is the second number ? digits ?
(A) 52 (A) 5 (B) 6
(B) 45
(C) 7 (D) 8
(C) 54
(E) None of these
(D) Data is inadequate
(E) None of these 8. If the difference between the digits of a two
3. When 30% of one number is added to second digit number is 3 and the product of the digits
number, the second number increases by one- is 18, what is the sum of the digits of that
fifth. What is the ratio of the first number to number ?
the second number ? (A) 8 (B) 9
(A) 5 : 6 (B) 3 : 2 (C) 7 (D) 6
(C) 2 : 3 (D) 1 : 2 (E) None of these
(E) None of these
9. If the sum of the digits of a two-digit number
4. The difference between a two-digit number is 9 and the difference of those digits is 3,
and the number obtained by interchanging the what is the product of the digits of the same
position of the digits is 45. What is the diffe- number ?
rence between the digits of that number ? (A) 9 (B) 36
(A) 4 (B) 5 (C) 18 (D) 72
(C) 6 (D) 7 (E) None of these
(E) None of these 3
5 . If on subtracting 28 from a number, the 10. If one-fourth of of two-third of number is
5
remainder is one-third of the number. What is
50% of the number ? 34, what is 20% of the number ?
(A) 23 (B) 24 (A) 68 (B) 36
(C) 22 (D) 36 (C) 86 (D) 63
(E) None of these (E) None of these
 CHAPTER–15

Alligation
Rule of alligation—If two different things, one of which is cheaper than the other, are mixed in a
certain ratio to obtain a new mixture, the C.P. of the unit value of this new mixture is called the average
price or mean price.
Quantity of cheaper (C.P. of dearer) – (Mean Price)
∴ =
Quantity of dearer (Mean price) – (C.P. of cheaper)
⇒ C.P. of unit quantity of cheaper C.P. of unit quantity of dearer
(c) (d)

Mean price
(m )

(d – m) (m – c)
Cheaper quantity : dearer quantity
= (d – m) : (m – c)
Some other Important Formulae
1. In what ratio should two commodities of Rs. A per kg and Rs. B per kg respectively be mixed
so that the resulting mixture may cost Rs. C per kg ?
C~B
Reqd. ratio =
C~A
Mean price ~ Second price
=
Mean price ~ First price
Example—A tea merchant blends two types of tea costing Rs. 15 per kg and Rs. 20 per kg each
repectively. In what ratio should these two types of tea be mixed so that the resulting mixture may cost
Rs. 16·50 per kg ?
Sol. : 15 20

16·50

3·50 1·50
48A | Arithmetic

3·50
∴ Reqd. ratio =
1·50
35
=
15
= 7:3 Ans.
2. When water is mixed in milk or any liquid in such a way that the resulting mixture may give a
profit of x% when sold at the C.P. of the milk of liquid only then the ratio of water and milk is
given by—
Water : Milk = x : 100
2
Example—In what ratio should water be mixed in the spirit so that there is a gain of 16 % when
3
the resulting mixture is sold at the C.P. of the spirit only ?
2
Sol. : Water : Spirit = 16 : 100
3
50
= : 100
3
= 1:6 Ans.

EXAMPLES

Example 1. 21 litre of a mixture of 95% purity is obtained when two solutions are mixed. If the
purity of one solution be 90% and of the purity of other be 97%, then how much solution of purity 97%
is taken ?
97 – 95
Sol. Ratio in solution of 90% and 97% =
95 – 90
2
= =2:5
5
5 × 21
Reqd. quantity of second solution =
(2 + 5)
= 15 litre Ans.
Example 2. 9 litre are drawn from a cask full of water and it is then filled with milk. 9 litre of
mixture are drawn and the cask is again filled with milk. The quantity of water now left in the cask is to
that of the milk in at is as 16 : 9. How much mixture does the cask hold ?
Sol. Let there be x litre of mixture in the cask
∴ Water left in the cask after 2 operations ⎛ x – 9 ⎞2
= ⎜ x ⎟
Whole quantity of milk in the cask ⎝ ⎠
16 ⎛ x – 9⎞ 2
⇒ = ⎜ x ⎟
(16 + 9) ⎝ ⎠
4 x–9
⇒ =
5 x
⇒ 4x = 5x – 45
∴ x = 45 litre Ans.
 Arithmetic | 49A

Example 3. A mixture of 20 kg of sprit and water contains 10% of water. How much water must
be added to make 25% of the resulting mixture ?
Sol. Quantity of water to be added
(Value of reqd. % – value of present %)
= × Quantity of solution
(100% – value of reqd. %)
(25 – 10)
= × 20
(100 – 25)
15 × 20
= = 4 kg Ans.
75
Example 4. A trader had 100 kg of Sugar. Some part of it he sold at 7% of profit and the rest at
17% of profit. If he got 10% of profit in all, then how much did he sell at 17% of profit ?
Sol. Profit on Ist sale Profit on 2nd sale
7% 17%

10%

7% 3%
∴
Quantity of first sugar : Quantity of Second sugar = 7 : 3
3 × 100
∴ Quantity of 2nd sugar sold = = 30 kg. Ans.
10
Example 5. In 60 litre of adultrated milk the ratio of milk and water is 2 : 1. How much water
should be added in it so that the ratio of milk and water be 1 : 2.
Reqd. ratio – Present ratio
Sol. Quantity of water to be added = × Quantity of mixture
1 – reqd. ratio
⎛ 2 – 1 ⎞
⎜1 + 2 2 + 1⎟
= ⎜⎜ ⎟ × 60
2 ⎟
⎜⎝ 1 – 1 + 2 ⎟⎠
2 1
–
3 3
= × 60 = 60 litre Ans.
2
1–
3

EXERCISE 15
1. A trader bought 50 kg of wheat of Rs. 7 per 2. Alok bought 30 kg of rice at Rs. 8·50 per kg
kg. and 20 kg. of wheat at Rs. 8 per kg. He and 20 kg of rice at Rs. 8·00 per kg. If he has
mixed the two and sold the mixture at Rs. 10 to make a 20% profit, at approximately what
per kg What is his profit ? rate per kg should he sell the rice ?
(A) Rs. 510 (B) Rs. 700 (A) Rs. 9·00 (B) Rs. 12·00
(C) Rs. 190 (D) Rs. 290 (C) Rs. 8·50 (D) Rs. 8·00
(E) None of these (E) None of these
50A | Arithmetic

3 . A trader bought 20 kg of wheat at Rs. 6·50 price. How many ml of water he mixes in a
per kg and 30 kg of wheat at Rs. 7 per kg. He litre of milk if he makes a profit of 20% ?
sold the mixture at a profit of Rs. 60. At what (A) 200 ml (B) 250 ml
price did he sell per kg of the mixture of (C) 150 ml (D) 20 ml
wheat ? (E) None of these
(A) Rs. 6·80 (B) Rs. 7·00
8. A mixture of 40 litres of milk and water
(C) Rs. 8·00 (D) Rs. 60·00 contains 10% of water. How much water must
(E) None of these be added to make the water 20% of the
4. How much water should be added to 175 litre resulting mixture ?
of milk at Rs. 8·00 per litre so as to have a (A) 10 litre (B) 7 litre
mixture worth Rs. 7·00 per litre ?
(C) 5 litre (D) 3 litre
(A) 27 litre (B) 35 litre
(C) 25 litre (D) 24 litre (E) None of these
(E) None of these 9. Pure gyee costs Rs. 100 per kg. After adulte-
5. How much wheat at Rs. 4·00 a kg should be rating it with vegetable oil costing Rs. 50 per
mixed with 42 kg of wheat at Rs. 6·00 a kg so kg, a shopkeeper sells the mixture at Rs. 96
as to have a mixture worth Rs. 4·80 a kg ? per kg, thereby making a profit of 20%. In
what ratio does be mix the two ?
(A) 63 kg (B) 53 kg
(C) 52 kg (D) 60 kg (A) 1 : 2 (B) 3 : 2
(E) None of these (C) 3 : 1 (D) 2 : 3
6. Two alloys of gold and copper are prepared (E) None of these
by mixing in the ratio of 7 : 2 and 7 : 11. A 10. By mixing two qualities of pulses in the ratio
third alloy is made after mixing the equal 2 : 3 and selling the mixture at the rate of
quantities of two alloys. The ratio of gold and Rs. 22 per kg, a shopkeeper makes a profit of
copper is third alloy is : 10%. If the cost of the smaller quantity be
(A) 7 : 12 (B) 14 : 13 Rs. 14 per kg, the cost per kg of the larger
(C) 7 : 5 (D) 2 : 11 quantity is :
(E) None of these (A) Rs. 23 (B) Rs. 24
7. A man buys milk at a certain price and after (C) Rs. 25 (D) Rs. 26
mixing it with water sells it again at the same (E) None of these
 CHAPTER–16

Area
Main Formulae :
1. Area of the rectangle = length × breadth
2. Area of square = (side of the square)2
= 21 (Diagonal)2
3. Area of four walls of a room = 2 × height (length + breadth)
4. Area of right angled triangle = 21 × base × height
5. Area of isosceles right angled triangle = = 21 (side)2

√
⎯ 3 (side)2
6. Area of an equilateral triangle =
4
7. Area of scalene triangle = √
⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯
s (s – a) (s – b) (s – c)
Where s = half of the sum of all the three sides and a, b, & c are the three sides of the triangle.
8. Area of parallelogram = base × height
9. Area of rhombus = 21 × (product of the diagonals)
10. Area of trapezium = 12 × (sum of parallel sides) × perpendicular distance between them.
11. Whole surface of cube = 6(side) 2
12. Whole surface of cuboid = 2(l × b + l × h + b × h)
13. Area of circle = π(radius)2
14. Area of angular ring = π(r1 2 – r2 2 ) where r1 and r2 are external and internal radii respectively.
Units of Measuring Length :
1 milimetre = 0·001 metre
1 centimetre = 0·01 metre = 10 milimetre
1 decimetre = 0·1 metre = 10 centimetre
1 metre = 10 decimetre
1 decametre = 10 metre
1 hectometre = 10 decametre = 100 metre
1 kilometre = 10 hectometre = 1000 metre
Units of Measuring Area :
1 are = 100 sq. metre
1 hectare = 10000 sq. metre
1 sq. metre = 100 sq. decimetre
1 sq. decimetre = 100 sq. centimetre
1 sq. centimetre = 100 sq. milimetre
52A | Arithmetic

EXAMPLES
Example 1. A rectangular field of 60 metre length and 40 metre wide is to be surrounded by a
road 5 metre wide. If the cost of making 1 sq. metre road is Rs. 500, what would be the cost of the
entire road.
Sol. Area of the road = Area of EFGH – Area of ABCD E 70 m F
= 70 × 50 – 60 × 40 A 5 m B
= 3500 – 2400 = 1100 m2 60 m
If the cost of making 1 sq. metre is Rs. 500 40 m 50 m
∴ The cost of making 1100 m2

5m
= 500 × 1100 D C
= Rs. 5,50,000 Ans. H G

Short-cut Method :
∴
Area of the road = 2 × width of the road [(l + b) + 2 × width of the road]
= 2 × 5[(60 + 40) + 2 × 5] = 10[100 + 10] = 1100 m2
∴ Cost of entire road = 1100 × 500 = Rs. 550000 Ans.

Example 2. In numerical value the perimeter of a rectangular field is 1040 less than its area. If the
breadth is doubled, in numerical value the perimeter becomes 2200 less than its area. What is the
numerical value of the length of the field ?
Sol. Let the length and breadth of the field be x and y respectively
∴ Perimeter = 2(x + y) and area = xy
∴
xy – 2(x + y) = 1040 …(i)
and 2xy – 2(x + 2y) = 2200 …(ii)
On solving the equations (i) and (ii)
we get x = 60 Ans.
Example 3. The length of a rectangular plot is 75% of its breadth. If the perimeter of the plot be
1050 m, what is its area ?
Sol. Let the breadth of the plot be x m
75 3x
∴ Length = ×x= m
100 4
∴ ⎛ 3x ⎞
1050 = 2 ⎜ x + 4 ⎟
⎝ ⎠
∴ x = 300 m
3 × 300
∴ Area of the plot = 300 × = 67500 m2 Ans.
4
Example 4. The length of a plot is 4 times of its breadth. If a play ground of area 1200 m2 , occu-
1
pies area of the plot, what is the length of the plot ?
3
Sol. Let the breadth of the plot be x metre
∴ Length of the plot = 4x metre
∴ Area of the plot = 4x × x = 4x2
But area of the plot is 3 × 1200
∴
4x2 = 3600
 Arithmetic | 53A

3600
⇒ x2 = = 900
4
⇒ x = 30
∴ Length of the plot = 4 × 30 = 120 m Ans.
Example 5. If the length of a rectangular plot is increased by 40%, by what per cent should its
width be increased so that its area may increase by 75% ?
Sol. Let the increase in width be x%
(100 + % increase in length) × (100 + % increase in breadth)
· .· % Increase in area = – 100
100
(100 + 40) × (100 + x)
⇒ 75 = – 100
100
140 × (100 + x)
⇒ 75 + 100 =
100
175 × 100
⇒ = 100 + x
140
⇒ 125 = 100 + x
∴ x = 125 – 100 = 25 Ans.

EXERCISE 16
1. If the length and breadth of a rectangular plot such formed figure and the area of the origi-
are increased by 50% and 20% respectively, nal figure ?
how many times will be the new area of the (A) 1 : 3 (B) 10 : 13
old area ? (C) 3 : 1 (D) 4 : 7
(A) 1 45 (B) 2 (E) None of these
(C) 3 25 (D) 4 15 5. Area of a square is equal to the area of a
circle. If the radius of the circle is 14 cm,
(E) None of these
what is the app. length of a square ?
2. The area of a square is equal to the area of a
(A) 20 cm (B) 25 cm
rectangle. The side of the square is 6 cm and
the breadth of the rectangle is 2 cm less than (C) 15 cm (D) 30 cm
the side of the square. What is the length of (E) None of these
the rectangle ? 6. The breadth of a rectangular field is 75% of
(A) 10 cm (B) 8 cm its length. If the diagonal of the field is 100
(C) 6 cm (D) 9 cm m, what it the area of the field ?
(E) None of these (A) 4500 m2 (B) 4200 m2
3. The length of a rectangular plot is 30% more (C) 4550 m2 (D) 4800 m2
than its breadth. If the area of the plot be (E) None of these
20·8 m2 , what is the length of the plot ?
7. A rectangular plot is 50 m long and 20 m
(A) 5·2 m (B) 6·8 m
broad. Inside it there is a path of 7 m wide all
(C) 5·8 m (D) 5 m round it. What is the area of the path ?
(E) None of these
(A) 216 sq. m (B) 1000 sq. m
4. If the area of a rectangular plot is increased
by 30% while its breadth remains unaltered, (C) 1216 sq. m (D) 784 sq. m
what will be the ratio between the area of (E) None of these
54A | Arithmetic

8. The length of a rectangular field is 50% more (A) Rs. 3920 (B) Rs. 602
than its breadth. If the cost of fencing at (C) Rs. 714 (D) Rs. 357
Rs. 60 per metre is Rs. 12000, what is the (E) None of these
length of the field ?
10. Area of a rectangular field is 5732 m2 . If its
(A) 60 m (B) 40 m
length is 60% more than its breadth, what is
(C) 80 m (D) 20 m its app. breadth ?
(E) None of these
(A) 90 m (B) 30 m
9. The length and breadth of a plot are 35 m and
16 m respectively. If the rate of fencing is (C) 80 m (D) 60 m
Rs. 7 per metre, what is cost of its fencing ? (E) None of these
 CHAPTER–17

Interpretation of Data
These types of questions are provided along with the table or graph. Some questions related to
these tables or graphs are given below them. Each question is followed by a number of possible
answers. The candidate has to find out the correct answer from the possible answers. In order to find out
the correct answer, the candidate should study the given table or graph carefully. The given examples
will illustrate the idea clearly.

EXAMPLES
Example 1.
Directions (Q. 1–5) : Study the following graph to answer the given questions—
The graph depicts the impact on production when three groups of employees were given three
different types of incentive schemes during the period February to June.
Impact of Incentives on Production of Items
(Number of items in ’000)
Lunch Efficiency
Allowance Increment No Supervision
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
January February March April May June
1. The approximate impact (i.e., increase in production) of ‘No Supervision’ from Jan. to February
was approximately what per cent to that of ‘Efficiency Increment’ on production ?
(A) 110 (B) 260 (C) 320 (D) 95
(E) None of these
2. For which of the following pairs of months the total production of all the three groups together is
exactly the same ?
(A) January & June (B) February & April (C) March & April (D) February & March
(E) None of these
3. Which of the following is the increase in average production after ‘No Supervision’ scheme was
introduced from February ?
(A) 16,000 (B) 10,000 (C) 20,000 (D) 31,000
(E) None of these
56A | Arithmetic

4. Which of the incentives showed the most dramatic impact in June ?

(A) No supervision (B) All the three
(C) Lunch Allowance & No supervision (D) Lunch Allowance
(E) Efficiency Increment & No supervision
5. How many items were produced after the introduction of ‘Efficiency Increment’ by that group till
June ?
(A) 1,20,000 (B) 1,00,000 (C) 1,05,000 (D) 1,50,000
(E) None of these
Solution :
1. (E) Increase from Jan, to Feb. in ’No Supervision’.
= 30 – 15 = 15 thousand
Increase from Jan, to Feb. in ‘Efficiency Increment’
= 25 – 15 = 10 thousand
15
∴ Reqd. percentage = × 100% = 150% Ans.
10
2. (B) Total production of all the three groups in Feb.
= 15 + 25 + 30 = 70 thousand
and total production of all the three groups in April
= 15 + 20 + 35 = 70 thousand Ans.
3. (E) Production in Feb. in ‘No supervision’ = 30 thousand
and average production in ‘No supervision’ from Feb. to June
30 + 35 + 35 + 30 + 25
= = 31 thousand
5
Reqd. increase = 31 – 30 = 1 thousand Ans.
4. (B) ∴ In the month of June the decrease of each is 5000
5. (C) Total production from Feb. to June in
‘Efficiency Increment’ = (25 + 25 + 20 + 20 + 15) thousand = 1,05,000 Ans.
Example 2.
Directions (Q. 6–10) : Study the following table carefully and answer the questions based on it.
Types of Toys
Production (in thousand) of Five Different Types of Toys and Percentage defect over the years.
A B C D E
Year Production % Defect Production % Defect Production % Defect Production % Defect Production % Defect
1991 76 5 58 11 39 5 59 9 28 8
1992 82 6 46 9 37 9 62 8 36 4
1993 65 8 49 8 45 6 47 12 42 15
1994 70 12 52 12 42 13 54 4 31 9
1995 85 9 64 14 38 11 57 7 49 11
1996 80 11 54 10 40 8 68 5 38 7
458 323 241 347 224

6. What was the total number of defective B type toys in 1995 and defective D types toys in 1993 ?
(A) 13290 (B) 14600 (C) 11120 (D) 14260
(E) None of these
7. The average production in the given years of which of the following types of the toys was highest ?
(A) B (B) E (C) A (D) C
(E) None of these
 Arithmetic | 57A

8. What was the average number of defect free toys of all type in 1994 ?
(A) 45680 (B) 42790 (C) 38700 (D) 44790
(E) None of these
9. Among the given years in which years, the average percentage defect of all the five types of toys
was lowest ?
(A) 1992 (B) 1995 (C) 1993 (D) 1996
(E) None of these
10. What was the difference in the numebr of defect-free B type toys between 1992 and 1993 ?
(A) 3220 (B) 7700 (C) 2730 (D) 3860
(E) None of these
Solution :
6. (B) No. of defective B type of toys in 1995 + No. of defective D type toys in 1993.
64000 × 14 47000 × 12
= ×
100 100
= 8960 + 5640 = 14600 Ans.
(76 + 82 + 65 + 70 + 85 + 80)
7. (C) Average production of ‘A’ type of toys = × 1000
6
⎡ 458 × 1000⎤⎥ ⎡⎢ 1000⎤
= ⎢⎢ ⎥ = ⎢ 458 × 6 ⎥⎥
⎣ 6 ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
1000
Average production of ‘B’ type of toys = (58 + 46 + 49 + 52 + 64 + 54) ×
60
1000
= 323 ×
6
1000
Average production of ‘C’ type of toys = (39 + 37 + 45 + 42 + 38 + 40) ×
6
1000
= 241 ×
6
1000
Average production of ‘D’ type of toys = (59 + 62 + 47 + 54 + 57 + 68) ×
6
1000
= 347 ×
6
1000
Average production of ‘E’ type of toys = (28 + 36 + 42 + 31 + 49 + 38) ×
6
1000
= 224 ×
6
Hence it is clear from above that the average production of ‘A’ type of toys was maximum.
Ans.
8. (D) Total number of defect free toys in the year 1994.
⎡ 70 × (100 – 12) 52(100 – 12 ) 42(100 – 13) 54(100 – 4) 31(100 – 9)⎤⎥
= ⎢⎢ + + + + ⎥⎦ × 1000
⎣ 100 100 100 100 100
1000
= [(70 × 88) + (52 × 88) + (42 × 87) + (54 × 96) + (31 × 91)] ×
100
= [6160 + 4576 + 3654 + 5184 + 2821] × 10
= 22395 × 10 = 223950
223950
Average = = 44790 Ans.
5
58A | Arithmetic

9. (A) Average percentage of all five types of defective toys in 1991

1 1
= (5 + 11 + 5 + 9 + 8) × = 38 ×
5 5
Average percentage of all five types of defective toys in 1992
1 1
= (6 + 9 + 9 + 8 + 4) × = 36 ×
5 5
Average percentage of all five types of defective toys in 1993
1 1
= (8 + 8 + 6 + 12 + 15) × = 49 ×
5 5
Average percentage of all five types of defective toys in 1994
1 1
= (12 + 12 + 13 + 4 + 9 ) = 50 ×
5 5
Average percentage of all five types of defective toys in 1995
1 1
= (9 + 14 + 11 + 7 + 11) × = 52 ×
5 5
Average percentage of all five types of defective toys in 1996
1 1
= (11 + 10 + 8 + 5 + 7) × = 41 ×
5 5
Hence, average percentage of all five types of defective toys in 1992 was minimum. Ans.
⎡ 46(100 – 9) 49(100 – 8) ⎤⎥
10. (A) Reqd. difference = ⎢⎢ ~ ⎥⎦ × 1000
⎣ 100 100
1000
= [46 × 91 ~ 49 × 92] ×
100
= (4186 ~ 4508) × 10 = + 3220 Ans.
Example 3.
Directions (Q. 11–15) : Study the following graph and answer each of the questions from 11 to 15
on the basis of it.
Percentage Increase in India’s
Percentage Increase in India’s Industrial Production over the years
Agriculture Production over the years
7
6 6
5 5
4 4
3 3
2 2
1 1
1990-91

1990-91
1992-93

1992-93

1994-95
1994-95
1991-92

1991-92
1993-94

1993-94

11. In which of the following years the total percentage increase in Agriculture and Industrial
production is maximum ?
(A) 1990-91 (B) 1991-92 (C) 1992-93 (D) 1993-94
(E) None of these
 Arithmetic | 59A

12. If the difference in the Industrial production between 1991-92 and 1992-93 is of Rs. 50,000 crore
what was the Industrial production for 1991-92 ?
(A) Rs. 100000 crore (B) Rs. 250000 crore (C) Rs. 200000 crore(D) Data insufficient
(E) None of these
13. In which of the given years the rate of percentage increase in agriculture production is thrice than
the previous year ?
(A) 1992-93 (B) 1991-92
(C) 1991-92 and 1992-93 (D) 1994-95
(E) None of these
14. In which of the given years the difference between the rates of percentage increase of Agriculture
and Industrial production is minimum ?
(A) 1992-93 (B) 1993-94 (C) 1990-91 (D) 1994-95
(E) None of these
15. The combined percentage increase of Agriculture production during the year 1990-91 and 1994-95
is exactly equal to percentage increase of Industrial production during the year?
(A) 1991-92 (B) 1994-95 (C) 1990-91 (D) 1993-94
(E) None of these
Solution :
11. (A) Total per cent increase for 1990-91 in Agriculture and Industrial production
= 4 + 7 = 11%
Total per cent increase for 1991-92 in Agriculture and Industrial production
= 2 + 3 = 5%
Total per cent increase for 1992-93 in Agriculture and Industrial production
= 6 + 2·5 = 8·5%
Total per cent increase for 1993-94 in Agriculture and Industrial production
= 5 + 4 = 9%
Total per cent increase for 1994-95 in Agriculture and Industrial production
= 3 + 5·5 = 8·5%
∴ The highest per cent increase in 1990-91. Ans.
∴
12. (E) (3% – 2·5%) = 0·5% = Rs. 50,000 crore
50000 × 3
∴ 3% = = Rs. 3,00,000 crore Ans.
0·5
13. (A) It is clear from the graph the rate of percentage increase in agriculture production in thrice
than previous year in 1992-93. Ans.
14. (B) Difference in 1992-93 = 6 – 2·5 = 3·5
Difference in 1993-94 = 5 – 4 = 1
Difference in 1990-91 = 7 – 4 = 3
and difference in 1994-95 = 5·5 – 3 = 2·5
∴ The minimum difference is in 1993-94 Ans.
15. (C) The combined percentage increase of Agriculture production during the year 1990-91 and
1994-95 = 4% + 3% = 7%.
and the percentage increase of Industrial production during the year 1990-91 = 7%. Ans.
60A | Arithmetic

Example 4.
Directions (Q. 16–20) : Study the following graph carefully and answer the questions given
below—
Number of Candidates (Boys and Girls) Appeared and Qualified in an examination over the years.
Boys Appeared Girls Appeared
Number of Candidates (in thousand) Boys Qualified Girls Qualified
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995
Years
16. What was the approximate percentage of boys qualified to appeared in 1992 ?
(A) 35 (B) 70 (C) 80 (D) 65
(E) None of these
17. The total number of girls qualified in 1991 and 1992 together was exactly equal to the total number
of girls appeared in which of the following years—
(A) 1994 (B) 1995 (C) 1991 (D) 1990
(E) None of these
18. What was the percentage increase in the number of boys qualified from 1993 to 1994 ?
(A) 50% (B) 5% (C) 100% (D) 200%
(E) None of these
19. What was difference between the total number of boys and girls appeared in 1993 and the total
number of boys and girls appeared in 1991 ?
(A) 5000 (B) 2500 (C) 7500 (D) 10000
(E) None of these
20. In which of the following year was the percentage of girls qualified to appeared the highest among
the given years ?
(A) 1991 (B) 1993 (C) 1994 (D) 1992
(E) None of these
Solution :
16. (B) The approximate percentage of boys qualified to appeared in 1992.
12·5
= × 100% = 71·43% ~ 70% Ans.
17·5
17. (D) The total number of girls qualified in 1991 and 92.
= 2500 + 5000 = 7500
= Total number of girls appeared is 1990 Ans.
18. (D) The percentage increase in the number of boys qualified from 1993 to 1994
= (15 – 5) × 1000 = 10000
10000
∴ Percentage increase = × 100% = 200% Ans.
5000
 Arithmetic | 61A

19. (B) Difference between the total number of boys and girls appeared is 1993 and the total number
of boys and girls appeared in 1991 = [(12·5 + 10) – (15 + 5)] × 1000
= (22·5 – 20) × 1000 = 2·5 × 1000
= 2500 Ans.
5·0
20. (B) The percentage of girls qualified to appeared in 1990 = × 100 = 66·66%
7·5
2·5
The percentage of girls qualified to appeared in 1991 = × 100 = 50%
5
5
The percentage of girls qualified to appeared in 1992 = × 100 = 50%
10
7·5
The percentage of girls qualified to appeared in 1993 = × 100 = 75%
10
7·5
The percentage of girls qualified to appeared in 1994 = × 100 = 60%
12·5
12·5
The percentage of girls qualified to appeared in 1995 = × 100 = 71·43%
17·5
Hence in the year 1993 the percentage of girls qualified to appeared was maximum. Ans.
Example 5.
Directions (Q. 21–25) : Study the graph given below carefully and answer the questions based
on it—
Percentage of workers of various types in two years in an organisation
F F
6% A E 8% A
E
16% 20% 12% 18%
D
D 14%
B B
18%
C 25% C 28%
15% 15%

Total number of workers 1600 Total number of workers 1800.

21. The number of which type of workers decreased from 1995 to 1996 ?
(A) A, D and E (B) D and E (C) Only D (D) Only E
(E) None of these
22. If in 1996, 176 workers of A type are extra appointed, then approximately what will be new
percentage of A type workers ?
(A) 20 (B) 30 (C) 25 (D) 35
(E) None of these
23. How many per cent is the number of C type of workers in 1996 of the number of workers of B type
of workers in 1995 ?
(A) 90% (B) 18% (C) 45% (D) 36%
(E) None of these
24. What is the difference between the number of D type workers in 1995 and the number of A type
workers in 1996 ?
(A) 0 (B) 18 (C) 54 (D) 36
(E) None of these
62A | Arithmetic

25. What is the difference between the number of C type workers between 1995 and 1996 ?
(A) 240 (B) 360 (C) 120 (D) 160
(E) None of these
Solution :
20
21. (B) No. of A type of workers in 1995 = 1600 × = 320
100
18
No. of A type of workers in 1996 = 1800 × = 324
100
25
No. of B type of workers in 1995 = 1600 × = 400
100
28
No. of B type of workers in 1996 = 1800 × = 504
100
15
No. of C type of workers in 1995 = 1600 × = 240
100
20
No. of C type of workers in 1996 = 1800 × = 360
100
18
No. of D type of workers in 1995 = 1600 × = 288
100
14
No. of D type of workers in 1996 = 1800 × = 252
100
16
No. of E type of workers in 1995 = 1600 × = 256
100
12
No. of E type of workers in 1996 = 1800 × = 216
100
6
No. of F type of workers in 1995 = 1600 × = 96
100
8
No. of F type of workers in 1996 = 1800 × = 144
100
Hence, from 1995 to 1996 the number of D and E type of workers have decreased. Ans.
22. (C) The No. of A type workers in 1996 = 324
Total workers including new workers = 324 + 176
= 500
Total number of workers in 1996 = 1800 + 176
= 1976
500
∴ Required new percentage of A type of workers = × 100%
1976
= 25·3%
= 25% Ans.
360
23. (A) ∴ Required percentage = × 100% = 90% Ans.
400
24. (D) ∴ Required difference = 324 – 288 = 36 Ans.
25. (C) ∴ Required difference = 360 – 240 = 120 Ans.
 Arithmetic | 63A

EXERCISE 17
Directions (Q. 1–5) : Two pie chart are given below. One of them represents the income of a state
while the other, its expenditure. Study these charts carefully and find out the correct answer of each
question.
Custom duty Interest
4% Pension
6% others
6%
Money
borrowed Market tax 15% International
18% 33% 11%
Excise 10%
tax 62%
35%
Income tax Defence expenditure

Income Expenditure
1. In chart of income, what is the sectorial angle Directions (Q. 6–10) : Study the following
of market tax ? graph carefully and answer the questions given
below it—
(A) 150° (B) 135°
A B
(C) 119° (D) 105°
(E) None of these 1200

2 . What is the ratio between the total expen- 1150

diture of defence & pension and the total 1100
expenditure on the rest ?
Price (in Rs.)

1050
(A) 3 : 2 (B) 2 : 1
1000
(C) 3 : 1 (D) 5 : 4
(E) None of these 950

3. If in a certain year the income from custom 900

duty to the State is Rs. 25,000 then what is 850
income of the state for that year ? 800
(A) Rs. 3,00,000 (B) Rs. 3,75,000 Jan. Feb. March April May June July Aug.
Months
(C) Rs. 4,50,000 (D) Rs. 6,25,000 6. In which of the following pairs of months was
(E) None of these the prices of commodity A same ?
4. If the income and expenditure of the State are (A) January-March (B) May-June
equal, then what is the rate of interest paid by (C) July-August (D) April-August
the State ? (E) None of these
(A) 33·3% per annum 7. What was the price difference in average
price between commodity A and B in the
(B) 25% per annum month of April ?
(C) 6% per annum (A) Rs. 250 (B) Rs. 150
(D) 10% per annum (C) Rs. 100 (D) Rs. 90
(E) None of these (E) None of these
5. The expenditure on International is how many 8. What was the difference in average price
per cent of the other total expenditure ? between commodity A and B from April to
August ?
(A) 11·00% (B) 22·37%
(A) Rs. 86 (B) Rs. 76
(C) 19·81% (D) 12·36% (C) Rs. 95 (D) Rs. 85
(E) None of these (E) None of these
64A | Arithmetic

9. What was the percentage increase in price of (A) 1990

commodity B from January to April ? (B) 1991
(A) 15% (B) 10% (C) 1992
(C) 13% (D) 9%
(D) 1993
(E) None of these
(E) None of these
10. What was the approximate percentage decre-
ase in the price of commodity A from March 15. In the year 1992, commission earned by
to April ? salesman D was approximately what per cent
(A) 1% (B) 9% of commission earned by A ?
(C) 14% (D) 12% (A) 18 (B) 21
(E) None of these
(C) 52 (D) 17
Directions (Q. 11–15) : Read the following
table and answer the questions given below it. (E) None of these
Yearly Commission Earned by Five Salesman
Year
Salesman 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993
A 27,350 28,500 25,200 29,800 24,600 27,000
B 26,850 27,900 27,400 28,000 28,500 29,000
C 26,200 27,800 28,200 29,100 29,400 30,000
D 27,850 30,040 29,800 30,060 29,800 32,000
E 28,640 29,000 28,750 30,000 29,750 29,700
Total 1,36,890 1,43,240 1,39,240 1,46,960 1,42,050 1,47,700

11. In which year commission earned by the Directions (Q. 16–20) : Study the following
graph carefully and answer the questions given
salesman C show the highest increase are that below—
of the preceding year ? Production of Pulses in Rabi and Khariff
(A) 1989 (B) 1990 Season
(C) 1991 (D) 1992 (In Million Tonnes)
8.0

(E) None of these 8 Rabi

7.0

Khariff
6.5

12. In the year 1991 the commission of B was

6.5

7
6.0

approximately what per cent of the total 6

5.0
4.75
5.0

commission earned by five salesman in that

4.25

5
year ?
3.5

4
(A) 20 (B) 98 3
(C) 80 (D) 90 2
(E) None of these 1
13. Which salesman’s commission in 1991 show 0
1988-89 1989-90 1990-91 1991-92 1992-93
the highest increase over that in 1988 ?
(A) A (B) B 16. What was the average of Khariff production
of the given years ?
(C) D (D) C (A) 4 million tonnes
(E) None of these (B) 5 million tonnes
14. In which of the following year was the diffe- (C) 4·5 million tonnes
rence between the highest and lowest commi- (D) 5·5 million tonnes
ssion earned by any salesman maximum ? (E) None of these
 Arithmetic | 65A

17. What was the percentage decrease in Rabi 23. In which month does unit No. II have a
production from 1990-91 to 1991-92 ? contribution of approximately 15% in the
1 2 total fertilizers production ?
(A) 33 (B) 66
3 3 (A) April (B) May
(C) 75 (D) 40
(C) June (D) July
(E) None of these
18. The difference between the Rabi and Khariff (E) None of these
production was minimum in which of the 24. Which units shows constant rise in fertilizer
following years ? production over the months ?
(A) 1988-89 (B) 1990-91 (A) I (B) II
(C) 1992-93 (D) 1991-92 (C) III (D) IV
(E) None of these
(E) None of these
19. What is the difference between the Rabi pro-
duction in 1990-91 and the average Rabi pro- Directions (Q. 25–29) : Study the following
duction of the given years ? table carefully and answer the questions given
(A) 2·5 million tonnes below :
(B) 20 lakh tonnes Percentage Share in Final Energy consumption
(C) 1 million tonnes By Different Sectors
(D) 15 lakh tonnes Sector 1950- 1960- 1970- 1980- 1990-
(E) None of these 51 61 71 81 91
20. The Khariff production was approximately Industry 39·8 40·7 51·6 57·0 50·4
what percentage of Rabi production in 1989- Transport 46·2 44·9 29·4 23·5 24·5
1990 ? Household 9·9 10·6 14·3 12·3 13·3
(A) 80% (B) 120%
Agriculture 1·7 1·8 3·8 6·1 9·0
(C) 60% (D) 75%
(E) None of these Others 2·4 2·0 0·9 1·1 2·3
Directions (Q. 21–24) : Study the following 25. What was the percentage increase in final
tables and answer the questions below it.
energy consumption in the Household sector
Production of Fertilizers by six major from 1960-61 to 1970-71 ?
production units of India in million tonnes (A) 3·7% (B) 35%
Month I II III IV V VI (C) 37% (D) 4·2%
April 310 180 169 137 140 120
(E) None of these
May 318 179 177 162 140 122
June 320 160 188 173 135 130 26. In which of the following years was the
July 326 167 187 180 146 130 percentage energy consumption in household
August 327 150 185 178 145 128 sector almost equal to the average percentage
21. In the month of June, how many of the given energy consumption in the household sector
units have a share of more than 25% of the in the given years ?
total production of fertilizers ? (A) 1970-71 (B) 1999-91
(A) Two (B) Three (C) 1980-81 (D) 1950-51
(C) Four (D) Data inadequates (E) None of these
(E) None of these
22. What was the approximate percentage in- 27. In the case of which of the following sectors
crease in fertilizers production in unit V in was there continuous increase or decrease in
august, over that in May ? consumption over the given years ?
(A) 4·5% (B) 3·5% (A) Transport (B) Agriculture
(C) 2·0% (D) 36% (C) Industry (D) Household
(E) None of these (E) None of these
66A | Arithmetic

28. What was the difference in the energy con- 33. What was the decrease percentage of export
sumption in Agricultural sector between from 1986 to 1987 ?
1960-61 and 1970-71 ? (A) 35 (B) 65
(A) 20,000 Megawatt (C) 45 (D) 55
(B) 2,00,000 Megawatt (E) None of these
(C) 40,000 Megawatt 34. Among the given years for how many years
the production was less than the average
(D) Data inadequate production for the whole period ?
(E) None of these (A) 1 (B) 2 (87 and 90)
29. The total consumption of Household, Agri- (C) 3 (D) 4
culture and others’ sectors together was mini- (E) None of these
mum in which of the following period ? Directions (Q. 35–39) : Study the given table
(A) 1990-91 (B) 1960-61 carefully and answer the questions based on it—
(C) 1970-71 (D) 1980-81 Production of five different types of machine
(E) None of these tool (in lakhs) of a company over the year
Directions (Q. 30–34) : Study the following
graph carefully and answer the questions given Types of machine tools
below it. Year A B C D E Total
Production in Export to Stainless Steel of 1989 14 18 27 34 26 119
by a Company Over the Years 1990 18 24 25 32 28 127
(In million tonnes) 1991 21 22 24 36 27 130
Production Export 1992 24 32 34 25 29 144
36 1993 26 39 32 21 27 145
Production & Export

32 1994 32 46 31 24 25 158
(in million tonnes)

28
24 35. What is the difference of production in C type
20 machine tools from the year 1989 to 1994 ?
16
12 (A) 4000 (B) 400000
8 (C) 4000000 (D) 40000
4 (E) None of these
0
1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 36. There is continuous increase in the production
Years of which type of machine tools over the year ?
30. What was the decrease in the requirement of (A) A (B) C
export of steel in the year 1990 ? (C) E (D) D
(A) 5 million tons (B) 6 million tons (E) None of these
(C) 12 million tons (D) 4 million tons 37. The total production of A type of machine
(E) None of these tools in 1991 and 1992 is approximately how
31. In which year the requirement of export in many per cent of the production of C type of
1989 was equivalent to the generation ? machine tools in 1993 ?
(A) 1987 (B) 1986 (A) 40 (B) 150
(C) 1988 (D) 1990 (C) 160 (D) 120
(E) None of these (E) None of these
32. What was the approximate increase percen-
tage in the production of steel from 1988 to 38. What is nearly percentage of increase of C
1989 ? type of machine tools from 1991 to 1992 ?
(A) 16 (B) 24 (A) 20% (B) 60%
(C) 6 (D) 32 (C) 40% (D) 50%
(E) None of these (E) None of these
 Arithmetic | 67A

39. In 1992 how many percentage was the Directions (Q. 45–49) : The following chart
production of E type of machine tools, of all represents Gross profit and Net profit in
the total production of types of machine tools Rs. thousands for the years 1974-1977.
of same year ?
(A) 40% (B) 20% Gross Profit
(C) 15% (D) 25% 60 Net Profit
(E) None of these 50
50 45
Directions (Q. 40–44) : Refer the figure given
below to answer the following questions. 40
40
Family A Family B 30
Savings 30 25 25
Food Food
20 15
Rent 120 Rent 112·5°
80 78·75° 10
10
36 ° 33·75°
25
50 56·
°

Savings
28
50·625

30 0
·12

44 Clothes 1974 1975 1976 1977

5°

Clothes Miscell-
Miscell-
On the basis of this chart answer the follow-
Education aneous
Education aneous ing questions :
Total Expenditure Rs. 900 Total Expenditure Rs. 1600 45. In which year there is the greatest increase in
The above diagrams indicate the expenditure gross profit in comparision of net profit ?
of two families in Rupees. (A) 1975 (B) 1977
40. How much expenduture on food of the family (C) 1976 (D) 1974
A is more than the expenditure on rent ?
(E) None of these
(A) Rs. 100 (B) Rs. 120
(C) Rs. 140 (D) Rs. 90 46. In which year the gross profit was double of
(E) None of these the net profit ?
41. From family A to B, the increase in (A) 1974 (B) 1975
expenditure on cloth was about what per cent (C) 1977 (D) 1976
of the total increase of expenditure ? (E) None of these
(A) 1572 % (B) 1776 %
47. What per cent was the net profit of 1975 as
(C) 1432 % (D) 1861 % compared to the gross profit ?
(E) None of these (A) 33·3% (B) 37·5%
42. On which commodity the expenditure of (C) 25% (D) 20%
family B is same as the expenditure on
(E) None of these
clothes of the family A ?
(A) Saving (B) Clothes 48. For the entire four years shown on the graph,
(C) Miscellaneous (D) Education the gross profit is to net profit as :
(E) None of these (A) 13 : 4 (B) 11 : 5
43. What is the saving of the family B ? (C) 11 : 6 (D) 9 : 4
(A) Rs. 120 (B) Rs. 125 (E) None of these
(C) Rs. 250 (D) Rs. 150 49. The smallest growth of either gross profit or
(E) None of these net profit between two years on the survey
44. How much per cent of the expenditure on was :
food of the family B is to the entirely (A) Rs. 5 thousand (B) Zero
expenditure of the family A and B ? (C) Rs. 10 thousand (D) Rs. 15 thousand
(A) 25% (B) 20% (E) None of these
(C) 30% (D) 40% Directions (Q. 50–54) : The following graph
(E) None of these represents the exports of Iron ore for the five
68A | Arithmetic

years. On the basis of the graph answer the (C) 3·4 (D) 7·0
following questions : (E) None of these
80 Directions (Q. 55–59) : The land cultivated
Quantity (Million tons) under different crops in a district is given in the
Value (Rs. Crores)
following chart. Study the chart and on the basis
70
of this chart answer the questions given below :

60
Paddy
Wheat 25%
50 30%
Vegetables
5% 15%
40
Cotton 5%
Barley 20%
30
Ground Net
55. If the total area cultivated be 2,00,000 sq.
20 metre, what is the area cultivated for vege-
tables ?
10 (A) 15,000 sq. m (B) 30,000 sq. m
(C) 20,000 sq. m (D) 35,000 sq. m
0 (E) None of these
1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 56. In the graph given above, what is the central
50. Rate of iron ore per million ton in 1976 is Rs. angle of the sector that represents the area
1 1 cultivated for ground-nut ?
(A) 3 crore (B) 5 crore
7 3 (A) 54° (B) 18°
2 2 (C) 60° (D) 36°
(C) 3 crore (D) 4 crore
7 5 (E) None of these
(E) None of these 57. How much more area in sq. metre is culti-
51. What is the percentage of increase of iron ore vated of the largest cultivated crop than to the
in quantity from 1974 to 1975 ? second largest if the total area cultivated be
(A) 8% (B) 1·5% 2,00,000 sq. metre.
(C) 12% (D) 14%
(A) 10,000 sq. m (B) 20,000 sq. m
(E) None of these
(C) 5,000 sq. m (D) 25,000 sq. m
52. Average receipt per year in crores of rupees
(E) None of these
from export is :
58. If the area cultivated for paddy be 5,000 sq.
(A) 48·7 (B) 72·2
metre what is the area cultivated for cotton ?
(C) 60·8 (D) 54·4
(A) 2,000 sq. metre (B) 1,500 sq. metre
(E) None of these (C) 3,400 sq. metre (D) 4,000 sq. metre
53. What is the ratio of the quantity of iron ore (E) None of these
export in 1975 to the entire quantity of iron
ore export in all the five years ? 59. What is the ratio of the area cultivated for
(A) 1/5 (B) 3/4 barely and wheat together to the area culti-
(C) 1/4 (D) 2/9 vated for paddy, ground nut and vegetables
(E) None of these together ?
54. What is the least difference of receipt in the (A) 5/9 (B) 7/9
two successive years in crores of rupees ? (C) 3/10 (D) 4/9
(A) 7·2 (B) 4·5 (E) None of these
 Arithmetic | 69A

Directions (Q. 60–64) : The following dia- Directions (Q. 65–69) : The following bar
gram represents the production of steel from 1920 diagram represents the income and expenditure of
to 1929. On the basis of this diagram, answer the a middle class family for four consecutive years in
following questions : thousands of rupees. Analyse the chart carefully
and answer the following questions :
118
120 9
108 Expenditure
100 8 Income
100

Income in thousands of Rupees

Production in million tons

90 92 7
80 78 78
72 6
68
5

Income = Rs. 8000/-

Income = Rs. 7500/-
Income = Rs. 6800/-
Income = Rs. 6000/-
60
44 4
40
3

20 2
1
0
1921

1923

1925

1928
1927

1929
1926
1922

1924
1920

0
1978-79 1979-80 1980-81 1981-82

60. What is the ratio of steel produced in 1921 as 65. The ratio of the income of the year 1978-79
compared with 1929 ? and 1981-82 is nearest to
(A) 21/53 (B) 22/59 (A) 4 : 3 (B) 12 : 1
(C) 31/56 (D) 32/57 (C) 1 : 12 (D) 3 : 4
(E) None of these (E) None of these
61. How much per cent of production was in 66. In (1981-82) what is the percentage of expen-
1920 of the entire production from 1920 to diture over of income ?
1929 ? (A) 87·32% (B) 12·76%
(A) 14·6% (B) 12·3% (C) 93·75% (D) 88·12%
(C) 8·5% (D) 4·6% (E) None of these
(E) None of these 67. What is the average annual income ?
62. What is the average annual production ? (A) Rs. 6125 (B) Rs. 7075
(A) 84·8 (B) 56·3 (C) Rs. 7375 (D) Rs. 6375
(C) 66·5 (D) 72·1 (E) None of these
(E) None of these 68. Percentage increase of expenditure in 1979-
63. Between which consecutive odd years was the 80 as compared with the income in 1978-79
steel production jump highest ? is :
2 7
(A) 1923 and 1925 (B) 1925 and 1927 (A) 611 (B) 513
9
(C) 1927 and 1929 (D) 1921 and 1923 (C) 713 (D) 813
(E) None of these
(E) None of these
64. What is the greatest difference of production 69. What is the balance of the family budget
in million tons of two successive years ? during the period from 1979 to 1982 ?
(A) 32 (B) 28 (A) Rs. 300 (B) Nil
(C) 16 (D) 24 (C) (– Rs. 100) (D) Rs. 400
(E) None of these (E) None of these
70A | Arithmetic

ANSWERS WITH HINTS

CHAPTER 1 100
13. (B) Total debt = 25,500 ×
85
1. (B) 2. (A) 3. (D) 4. (D) 5. (A)
= Rs. 30,000
6. (D) The tank will be filled 10% in the first
Money received by selling the goods
hr. In the next hour 8% of it i.e. 10 × 8/100 =
8% of the tank is emptied. The remaining ⎛ 2 83 3 78 ⎞
= 25,500 ⎜ 5 × 100 + 5 × 100⎟
water after the second hour is 9·2%. Again in ⎝ ⎠
the third hour 10% tank is filled, it becomes 25‚500
19·2%. Now again 8% of it i.e. 19·2 × 8/100 = (166 + 234)
500
= 1·536% is emptied in the fourth hour so
the remaining water is 19·2 – 1·536 = = Rs. 20,400
17·664%. Ans. ∴ Money received by the creditors for a
20‚400
7. (A) rupee = Rs.
30‚000
8. (B) Since the water is evaporated the quan-
= Rs. 0·68 = 68 paisa Ans.
tity of sugar remains same.
14. (D) 10% of 2,000 = 200
4 x 17·25
∴ 6× = 5× S.P. of 200 tables at 50% = Rs. 200 ×
10 1 00 2
24 4 = Rs. 1725
∴ x = =4 Ans.
5 5 S.P. of remaining 1,800 tables
9. (E) Since the quantity of cloth sold is in- = Rs. 1,800 × 17·25
creased by 20% = Rs. 31,050
Since the quantity of cloth sold is increased Rs. 31,050 + Rs. 1,725 = Rs. 32,775
by 20% Now Rs. 32,775 includes 15% profit
∴The quantity will be 120% of the original 100
∴ C.P. = × 32,775 = Rs. 28,500
cloth but the price is reduced by 25%. 115
Now the actual S.P.
120 × 75
∴ New price = = 90% of the original 30 70 17·25
100 = 2000 × × 17·25 + 2,000 × ×
100 100 2
price
⎛ 30 + 35 ⎞ × 17·25
Hence the gross receipts will be decrease by = 2,000 ⎜ ⎟
10%. Ans. ⎝ 100 100⎠
= 20 × 65 × 17·25
10. (B) 11. (B)
= Rs. 22,425
12. (C) Rs. 43·50 = Interest on Rs. 725 for 12 ∴ Loss = C.P. – S.P. = 28,500 – 22,425
months + Interest on Rs. 362·50 for 4 months = Rs. 6,075 Ans.
with double the rate of interest. 15. (C) If Mohan gets 100, then Ramesh will get
But interest on Rs. 362·50 with double the 110.
rate of interest = Interest on Rs. 725 with the Now if Ramesh gets 110 then Mohan gets
single rate of interest.
= 100
∴ Rs. 43·50 = Inrerest on Rs. 725 for 12
months + Interest on the same amount for 4 Now if Ramesh gets 100 then Mohan gets
months. 100 × 100
= %
Interest on Rs. 725 for 16 months = 43·50 110
10
Interest on Rs. 100 for 12 months = 9011 %
100 12 10
= 43·50 × × Hence, Mohan gets (100 – 9011 )%
725 16 1
= 4·5% Ans = 911 % less Ans.
 Arithmetic | 71A

16. (B) CHAPTER 2

17. (C) Reqd. population 1. (A) New Price = 50,000 + 13,000
⎛ 10 ⎞3 = Rs. 63,000
= 8,000 ⎜ 1 + 100⎟
⎝ ⎠ Deduction = 17 of Rs. 63,000

⎛ 11⎞3 = Rs. 9,000

= 8,000 × ⎜ 10⎟ S.P. = 63,000 – 9,000
⎝ ⎠ = Rs. 54,000
1331 54‚000
= 8,000 × = 10,648 Ans. Reqd. percentage = × 100%
1000 50‚000
18. (D) Let the total no. of scholars be x. = 108% Ans.
∴ No. of infants = 20% of x 2. (B)
20 1
= ×x = x 3. (D) Let the S.P. be Rs. 100
100 5 If loss is 15% on S.P. then C.P. = Rs. 115
Let the no. of scholars of 8 = y
If on Rs. 115, loss is Rs. 15
2
∴ No. of scholars above 8 = y 15 × 100
3 ∴ On Rs. 100, loss is Rs.
= 48 115
3 = 13·04% Ans.
⇒ y = × 48 = 72 4. (D) Let the list price be Rs. 100.
2
∴ 1 Then S.P. = Rs. 96
x – x = 72 + 48 Since profit is 10%
5
4 If Rs. 110 is S.P., then C.P. = Rs. 100
⇒ x = 120
5 100 × 96
If Rs. 96 is S.P., then C.P =
5 110
∴ x = × 120
4 960
is C.P. then list price = Rs. 100
= 150 Ans. 11
19. (A) Reqd. Increase % 100 × 11 × 100
⎡ 100 is C.P. then list price =
20 × 15⎤ 960
= ⎢⎢ 20 + 15 + 100 ⎥⎥%
⎣ ⎦ 1‚375
=
12
= 38% Ans. 7
∴ Reqd. addition = 11412 – 100
20. (B) Let the Income be Rs. x. Then,
7
1 7 = 1412% Ans.
Tax = 3 % of x = x
2 200 5. (C) Let S.P. be Rs. 100
1 ⎡ 7 ⎤
Saving = 12 % of ⎢⎢ x – 200 x ⎥⎥ ∴ Profit = 25% on S.P.
2 ⎣ ⎦ ∴ C.P. = 100 – 25
= Rs. 75
25 ⎡⎢ (200 – 7) x ⎤⎥
= 25
2 × 100 ⎢⎣ 200 ⎥⎦ ∴ % of profit on C.P. = × 100%
75
1 193 193 100
= × x = x = %
8 200 1‚600 3
∴ ⎡ 7 193 ⎤⎥
x – ⎢⎢ 200 + ⎥⎦ x = 4,053
= 3331 % Ans.
⎣ 1‚600
6. (A) Let C.P. be Rs. x
⎛ 56 + 193 ⎞ then loss = x%
⇒ x – ⎜ 1‚600 ⎟x = 4,053
⎝ ⎠ x
Loss on Rs. x = x ×
4‚053 × 1‚600 100
∴ x =
1‚351 x2
= Rs.
= Rs. 4,800 Ans. 100
72A | Arithmetic

x2 Suppose he purchases goods of Rs. 100. If

S.P. = Rs. x – · But S.P. is given Rs. 16.
100 Rs. 100 goods is sold in Rs. 115.
∴ x2 115 × 115
x– = 16 ∴ Rs. 115 goods is sold in = Rs.
100 100
⇒ x2 – 100x + 1,600 = 0 23 × 23
= Rs.
⇒ (x – 80) (x – 20) = 0 4
= Rs. 132 41
∴ x = 80 and 20 Ans.
7. (B) Let the sale price be Rs. 100 Hence profit = 132 14 – 100
Then profit = Rs. 12 1
= 324 % Ans.
∴ C.P. = Rs. 88 10. (A)
This C.P. includes 32% of the C.P. as ex- 11. (B) Since the loss is 12%
penses.
S.P. is Rs. 88 then C.P. = Rs. 100
∴ For 132 C.P. including expenses only
100
C.P. = 100 S.P. is Rs. 1 then C.P. = Rs.
88
88 C.P. including expenses only 100
100 × 88 Hence C.P. of 14 oranges is Rs.
C.P. = 88
132 To earn 12% profit,
200
= Orange of Rs. 100 must be sold for Rs. 112
3
Orange of 100/88 must be
Rs. 200/3 is C.P. then S.P.
112 100 112
= Rs. 100 = × =
∴ 100 88 88
10·50 is C.P. then S.P. 14
= Rs.
100 × 3 × 10·50 11
=
200 14
Hence 14 oranges must be sold for = Rs.
315 11
=
20 14
∴ 1 orange must be sold =
= Rs. 15·75 Ans. 11 × 14
8. (A) Suppose the list price = Rs. 100 1
= Rs.
then S.P. = Rs. 97·50 11
Rs. 117 is S.P. then C.P. ∴ 11 oranges must be sold = Re. 1 Ans.
= Rs. 100 12. (E) 13. (D)
100 × 97·50 100
Rs. 97·50 is S.P. then C.P. = 14. (B) C.P. of one horse = × 1,955
117 (100 + 15)
= Rs. 250/3 1‚95‚500
=
If no discount has been allowed then 115
S.P. = list price = Rs. 100 = Rs. 1,700
Hence profit in this case = 100 – 250/3 100
C.P. of other horse = × 1,955
= Rs. 50/3 (100 – 15)
If Rs. 250/3 is C.P. then profit = Rs. 50/3 1‚95‚500
=
∴ Rs. 100 is C.P. then profit 85
50 3 = Rs. 2,300
= × × 100%
3 250 ∴ C.P. of both horses = (1,700 + 2,300)
= Rs. 20% Ans. = Rs. 4,000
9. (D) He purchase goods worth Rs. 115 in Rs. ⇒ S.P. of both horses = 2 × 1,955
100 and sells the goods of Rs. 100 in Rs. 115. = Rs. 3,910
 Arithmetic | 73A

∴ Total loss = C.P. – S. P. ⎛ 43 – 34 ⎞ x = Rs. 90

⇒ ⎜ 40 ⎟
= 4,000 – 3,910 ⎝ ⎠
= Rs. 90 Ans. 40
15. (B) ∴ x = × 90
9
16. (A) Let the cost price = Rs. 100 = Rs. 400 Ans.
∴ 1 45 19. (A) Let the C.P. of the typewriter = Rs. x.
Estimated profit = 22 % = %
2 2 Then,
⎛ 45 ⎞ ∴ (100 + 8)
×x =
(100 – 10)
× 480
⇒ Selling price = ⎜ 100 + 2 ⎟
⎝ ⎠ 100 100
90
245 ∴ x = × 480
= Rs. 108
2
245 = Rs. 400
If S.P. is Rs. , then If no discount were allowed
2
45 ∴ Reqd. Gain = M. P. – C.P.
Profit = Rs.
2 = 480 – 400
If S.P. is Rs. 392, then = Rs. 80 Ans.
45 3 20. (A) C.P. of 100 shawls = Rs. 2,450
Reqd. profit × = × 392
2 245 35
S.P. of 100 shawls = 76 × 35 + 24 ×
= Rs. 72 Ans. 2
∴
17. (D) S.P. of the house = Rs. 12,600 = Rs. 2,660 + 420
∴ Profit = 5% = Rs. 3,080
100 ∴ Reqd. Gain = 3,080 – 2,450
∴ C.P. of the house = × 12,600 = Rs. 630
105
20 630
= × 12,600 ∴ % Gain = × 100%
21 2‚450
= Rs. 12,000 6‚300
= %
∴ Reqd. % gain 245
180
13‚000 – 12‚000 = %
= × 100% 7
12‚000
5
100 1 = 25 % Ans.
= %=8 % Ans. 7
12 3
18. (B) Let the C.P. of the cow = Rs. x CHAPTER 3
∴ S.P. of cow (at a loss of 15%) 1 . (A) The two quantities compared in a ratio
(100 – 15) are called its items. The first term is called
= ×x antecedent, the second the consequent. Ans.
100
17 2. (B)
= x a a b c
20 3. (B) = × ×
d b c d
As per question,
2 4 6
15 = × ×
(100 + ) 3 5 7
∴ 17 2
x + 90 = x × 16
20 100 = Ans.
35
17 215 43x
⇒ x + 90 = x × = 1 2
20 100 40 4. (B) In the first glass, milk : water = :
3 3
⎛ 43 x –17 x ⎞ = Rs. 90 1 3
⇒ ⎜ 40 20 ⎟
⎝ ⎠ In the second glass, milk : water = :
4 4
74A | Arithmetic

Since the L.C.M. of the denominators 3 and 4 9 × 7 × 100

Hence, x =
is 12. So the first glass of capacity 12 will 6×5
contain milk : water = 4 : 8 and the second of = 210 labours.
the same capacity will contain milk : water = Reqd. number of more labours
3 : 9, so the tumbler will contain 24 of both
glasses having milk = 7 and water = 17. Ans. = 210 – 100
5. (A) Since the mixture contains 30 litre of = 110 Ans.
mixure of milk and water in the ratio of = 12. (C) 13. (B)
∴
7: 3. So milk = 21 litre, water = 9 litre. Now 14. (C) Ratio of their capitals
the milk remains the same i.e. 21 litre and 1 1 1
water should be increased to make ratio 3 : 7. = : :
5 6 8
So if antecedent is 21 the consequent must be
49 hence 40 litre of water must be added to = 24 : 20 : 15
make 49 litre of it. Ans. ⇒ Sum of ratios = 24 + 20 + 15
6. (C) No. of 25 paisa, 10 paisa and 5 paisa are = 59
in the ratio 1 : 2 : 3 so their values in paisa are ∴ Division of their profits
in the ratio 1 × 25 : 2 × 10 : 3 × 5 = 25 : 20 : 24 20 15
15 = 5 : 4 : 3. The value of all the coins is Rs. = × 1180, × 1180, × 1180
59 59 59
30. So the value of 5 paisa coins.
= Rs. 480, Rs. 400, Rs. 300 Ans.
3
= × 30 = Rs. 7·50 15. (A)
(5 + 4 + 3)
16. (C) As per question,
Hence the number of 5 paisa coins
Tax paid = 20% of 450
= 7·50 × 20 = 150 Ans.
20
7. (B) Let the present age of Shyam be x years. = × 450
100
∴ His sister’s present age = x/2 years.
= Rs. 90
When the age of Shyam is doubled then
∴ Remaining amount
Shyam’s age = 2x years.
= Rs. (450 – 90)
x 3x
and his sister’s age will be + x = years = Rs. 360
2 2 ∴
Ratio of division of profit among
2x
∴ Reqd. Ratio =
3x 1
A, B and C = 1:1 :2 =2:3:4
2 2
4x 4 ⇒ Sum of Ratios = 2 + 3 + 4 = 9
= = Ans.
3x 3 ∴ Shares of profit of A; B; C
8. (E) If he travels whole distance in second 2 3 4
= × 360; × 360 and × 360
class he will spend Rs. 3. But he spends Rs. 9 9 9
3·40 hence he spends 40 paisa more. For = Rs. 80; Rs. 120 and Rs. 160 Ans.
travelling one kilometre he spends 4 paisa 17. (A) Amount Period Men
more, therefore he will travel 10 km in first
45 gms 16 weeks 2,200
⎯→

⎯→

→⎯

class. Ans.
33 gms 24 weeks (2,200 –x)
9. (D) 10. (D)
11. (C) days work labours
∴
45 : 33
}:: (2,200 – x) : 2,200
⎯→

9 5 km 100 16 : 24
→⎯
→⎯

6 7 km x 45 × 16 × 2‚200
∴ (2,200 – x) = = 2,000
I II III IV 33 × 24
⎫
6 : 9⎪ ∴ x = 2,200 – 2,000
⎬⎪ : : 100 : x = 200 men Ans.
5 : 7⎭ 18. (A) 19. (B)
 Arithmetic | 75A

20. (C) Let the volume of each container = V cu. m 5. (C) Let the total profit be Rs. x
∴
Total amount of water Salary paid to B = Rs. 1,440.
V V 5V Net profit = Rs. (x – 1,440)
= + +0=
2 3 6 x – 1‚440 x – 1‚440
∴ Reqd. part of third container will be full A gets and B gets
2 2
1 5V
= × 10
3 6 B pays to A an interest = × 22,500
100
5
= V Ans. = Rs. 2,250
18
x – 1‚440
CHAPTER 4 + 1‚440 – 2‚250
∴ B’ income 2
=
1. (A) A’ income x – 1‚440
+ 2‚250
2. (C) If C subscribes zero then B subscribes 2
Rs. 500 A subscribes 500 + 700 = Rs. 1,200. 1
Hence divide Rs. 4,700 – 1,200 – 500 = =
2
Rs. 3,000 equally among A, B and C. So C’ x – 3‚060 1
share is Rs. 1,000. B’s share = Rs. 1,000 + ⇒ =
x + 3‚060 2
500 = Rs. 1,500 and A’s share = Rs. 1,500 +
700 = Rs. 2,200. Now divide the profit accor- ⇒ 2x – 6,120 = x + 3,060
ding to their capitals. ∴ x = 9,180 Ans.
22 6. (D) Ratio of the capitals
∴ Share of A = × 846
47 = 12‚500 : 8‚500
= 22 × 18 = Rs. 396 = 25 : 17
15 The interest is to be divided in the ratio
Share of B = × 846 25 : 17.
47
= 15 × 18 = Rs. 270 Difference = 25 – 17 = 8.
10 But the actual difference = Rs. 300
Share of C = × 846 If Rs. 8 is the difference,
47
= 10 × 18 = Rs. 180 Ans. Total interest = 25 + 17 = Rs. 42
3. (A) Capitals invested by A, B, C for the Rs. 300 is the difference,
periods of 12 months, 7 month and 5 months 42 × 300
Total interest =
and their shares in the profit are in the ratio 8
4 : 3 : 2. Since A invests Rs. 1,400 for 12 = Rs. 1‚575
months and let B invests Rs. x for 7 months. But this interest is 40% of the total income
∴1,400 × 12 : x × 7 : : 4 : 3 1‚575 × 100
Hence, whole profit =
1‚400 × 12 × 3 40
⇒ x = = Rs. 1,800
7×4 = Rs. 3‚937·50 Ans.
∴ 1,400 × 12 : y × 5 : : 4 : 2 7. (B) Let Ram had put his capital for x months.
1‚400 × 12 × 2 ∴ 15‚000 × 4 5‚000
⇒ y = =
5×4 12‚000 × x 8‚000 – 5‚000
= Rs. 1,688 Ans. 5×4 5
⇒ =
4. (C) Capital of A : B = 5 : 6 4×x 3
Profit of A : B = 5 : 9 ∴ x = 3 months. Ans.
Time of A = 8 months. 8. (A)
∴
Let time of B be x months. 9. (A) Ratio of their rents
5×8 5 8×9 9 13
Hence = ⇒ x = = 12 months A:B:C = 5× :8×5:9×
6×x 9 12 2 2
Ans. = 45 : 80 : 117
76A | Arithmetic

Sum of ratios = 45 + 80 + 117 = 242 Similarly time taken to travel 36 km with the
45 36 12
∴ Share of A = × 60·50 speed of 15 km/hour. = = hour.
242 15 5
= 45 × 0·25 Total distance travelled = 36 + 24 = 60 km
= 11·25 and total time taken to travel distance
80 ⎛ 3 12⎞
Share of B = × 60·50 = ⎜ 2 + ⎟ hour
242 ⎝ 5⎠
= 80 × 0·25 39
= hour
= 20·00 10
117 10
Share of C = × 60·50 Hence average speed = 60 ×
242 39
= 117 × 0·25 200
=
= 29·25 Ans. 13
= 15·38 Ans.
75 6. (A) Total workers = 600 + 400 = 1,000
10. (B) Profit of C = Rs. × 700 Total wages per day = 2·55 × 1‚000
500
= Rs. 15 × 7 = Rs. 2‚550.
= Rs. 105 Ans. Since a man gets 50 P. more, 600 men will
get Rs. 600 × ·50 = Rs. 300 more.
CHAPTER 5 ∴ 2,550 – 300 = 2,250 is the daily
1. (C) wages of 1,000
2. (D) Wt. of A + B + C = 45 × 3 = 135 kg (i) women.
Hence, daily wage of man is
Wt. of A + B = 40 × 2 = 80 kg (ii)
= 2·25 + ·50
Wt. of B + C = 43 × 2 = 86 kg (iii) = Rs. 2·75
Adding (ii) and (iii), and daily wage of women
Wt. of A + 2B + C = 166 kg = Rs. 2·25 Ans.
A + B + C = 135 kg …(i) ∴
7. (B) L.C.M. of 40 and 35 = 280.
Subtracting (i) B = 31 kg Ans. Let the journey be 280 km
3. (B) Let the fourth number be x. If the speed is 40 km/hour,
then the average of first three = 2x 280
So the sum of three numbers = 3 × 2x = 6x time taken = = 7 hrs.
40
Since the average of 4 numbers = 12. If the speed is 35 km/hour,
Sum of four numbers = 4 × 12 = 48. 280
time taken = = 8 hrs.
∴ 48 35
48 – 6x = x ⇒ 7x = 48, ∴ x = Ans.
7 Difference of times
4 × 76 + 3 × 81 = 8 – 7 = 1 hour
4. (D) Reqd. average =
(4 + 3) = 60 minutes
304 + 243
= If 60 minutes is the difference, length of
7
journey = 280 km
547
= Ans. If 15 minutes is the difference, journey
7
5. (A) Time taken to travel 24 km with the 280
= × 15
24 3 60
speed of 16 km/hour. = = hour.
16 2 = 70 km Ans.
 Arithmetic | 77A

8. (A) Sum of wt. of CHAPTER 6

A, B and C = 84 × 3 = 252 kg
Sum of wt. of 1. (B) 2. (C) 3. (B)
A, B, C and D = 80 × 4 = 320 kg 4. (C) Interest on (Rs. 2,000 + Rs. 1,600) with
wt. of D = 320 – 252 = 68 kg the rate of r and interest on Rs. 1,600 with the
wt. of E = 68 + 3 = 71 kg rate of 2% for 3 years = Rs. 960.
Sum of wt. of 3‚600 × r × 3 1‚600 × 2 × 3
Hence, 960 = +
B, C, D, E = 79 × 4 = 316 kg 100 100
wt. of (B + C) = 316 – 68 – 71 Ans.
= 177 kg 5. (D) Interest on Rs. 1,550 with the rate of 5%
wt. of A = 252 – 177 for 3 years = Rs. 232·50 the remaining
= 75 kg Ans. interest = 300 – 232·50 = Rs. 67·50.
9. (B) Let the length of journey be L.C.M. of ∴
Rs. 67·50 is earned by the difference of
3, 5 = 15 km
15 rate of interest = 8% – 5% = 3%.
Time taken in going P to Q = P×3×3
5 ∴ 67·50 = or P = 750
= 3 hr 100
15 Hence Rs. 750 is being invested in 8% and
Time taken in coming Q to P = the remaining 1,550 – 750 = Rs. 800 on 5%.
3
= 5 hr So the ratio = 800/750 = 16 : 15. Ans.
Total time in going and coming back 6. (B) Let the principals invested for 2 years, 3
= 5 + 3 = 8 hr years and 4 years be P1 , P 2 and P3 .
Hence, the average speed P ×5×2 P ×5×3
30 So P 1 + 1 = P2 + 2
= 100 100
8
P ×5×4
=
15
km/hr. Ans. = P3 + 3
4 100
10. (B) In 12 minutes leak admits ⎛ 2⎞ ⎛ 3⎞ ⎛ 4⎞
∴ P 1 ⎜ 1 + 20⎟ = P 2 ⎜ 1 + 20⎟ = P3 ⎜ 1 + 20⎟
15 ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
= quintals
4
22 23 24
One hour leak admits ∴ P1 × = P 2 × = P3 ×
15 60 75 20 20 20
= × = quintals P 1 × 22 = P 2 × 23 = P3 × 24
4 12 4
In one hour pumps throw out Let it be equal to K.
= 12 quintals K K K
Therefore, P 1 = , P2 = , P3 = ,
Water left in the ship in one hour 22 23 24
75 K K K
= – 12 P 1 : P2 : P3 = : :
4 22 23 24
27 1 1 1
= quintals = : : Ans.
4 110 115 120
∴ 27
quintals of water is left in the ship in 7. (B) Suppose the marked price for the cash
4 payment is Rs. 100.
= 1 hour. ∴
Marked price for the credit of 1 month
1 × 60 × 4
⇒ 60 quintals of water is left in =
27 100 × 4 × 1
= 100 +
80 100 × 12
= hour
9 ⎛ 1 ⎞
Now in 80/9 hour the ship runs = 40 km = 100 ⎜ 1 + 300⎟
40 × 9 ⎝ ⎠
1 hour the ship runs =
80 301
= Rs.
= 4·5 km Ans. 3
78A | Arithmetic

301 and in second case

Reqd. ratio = 100 : = 300 : 301 Ans.
3 ⎛ r ⎞n
P×5×4 8 = 1 ⎜ 1 + 100⎟ …(2)
8. (A) 9,600 = P + ⎝ ⎠
100
⎛ 1⎞ ⎛1 + r ⎞ n
⇒ (2) 3 =
⎜ 100⎟
= P ⎜ 1 + 5⎟ ⎝ ⎠
⎝ ⎠
⎡⎢ ⎛ r ⎞4 ⎤ 3
⎛ r ⎞n
=
6P ⇒ ⎢ ⎜ 1 + 100⎟ ⎥⎥ = ⎜ 1 + 100⎟
5 ⎣⎝ ⎠⎦ ⎝ ⎠
9‚600 × 5 ⎛ r ⎞ 12 ⎛ r ⎞n
∴ P = = Rs. 8,000 ⇒ ⎜ 1 + 100⎟ = ⎜ 1 + 100⎟
6
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
∴ Cash value of house
= 8,000 + 8,000 = Rs. 16,000 Ans. ∴ n = 12 Ans.
⎡⎛ 1 ⎞3 ⎤
9. (D) Period = 3rd March to 15 May 3. (D) C. I. = 10,000 ⎢⎢ ⎜ 1 + 100⎟ – 1⎥⎥
= (28 + 30 + 15) days ⎣⎝ ⎠ ⎦
= 73 days ⎡ 101 × 101 × 101 ⎤
= 10,000 ⎢⎢ 100 × 100 × 100 – 1⎥⎥
=
73 1
year = year ⎣ ⎦
365 5 ⎡ 10‚30‚301 – 10‚00‚000 ⎤⎥
600 × 6 × 1 36 = 10,000 ⎢⎢ ⎥⎦
∴ S. I. = = ⎣ 10‚00‚000
100 × 5 5
= Rs. 7·20 Ans. 30‚301
= = Rs. 303·01 Ans.
10. (C) Let the second part of the sum be Rs. x. 100
Then, 4. (D) Interest on Rs. 100 for the first year
∴ (2‚600 – x) × 3 × 5 x×6×4 = Rs. 4
=
100 100 Interest on Rs. 100 for the second year
⇒ 13,000 – 5x = 8x ⎧⎛ 4 ⎞2 ⎫
13‚000 = 100 ⎨⎜ 1 + 100⎟ – 1⎬ – 4
∴ x = ⎩⎝ ⎠ ⎭
13
= Rs. 1,000 Ans. = Rs. 4·16
Now if Rs. 4·16 – Rs. 4 = Rs. 0·16 is the
CHAPTER 7 difference then,
⎛ 6 ⎞2 principal = Rs. 100
1. (B) Amount = 500 ⎜ 1 + 100⎟
⎝ ⎠ Now if Rs. 88 is the difference then,
100 × 88
⎛ 53⎞ 2 principal =
= 500 ⎜ 50⎟ 0·16
⎝ ⎠ = Rs. 55,000 Ans.
53 53 5. (C) Required population
= 500 × ×
50 50
⎛ r ⎞n
2‚809 = Initial population ⎜ 1 – 1000⎟
= ⎝ ⎠
5
= Rs. 561·80 Ans. ⎛ 20 ⎞ 2
= 50,000 ⎜ 1 – 1000⎟
⎛ r ⎞n ⎝ ⎠
2. (C) Amount = Principal ⎜ 1 + 100⎟
⎝ ⎠ ⎛ 98 ⎞ 2
= 50,000 ⎜ 100⎟
⎛ r ⎞4 ⎝ ⎠
In first case 2 = 1 ⎜ 1 + 100⎟ …(1)
⎝ ⎠ = 9,604 × 5 = 48,020 Ans.
 Arithmetic | 79A

∴ ⎛ 10 ⎞ 3 Reqd. investments are as follows—

6. (D) 10,648 = x ⎜ 1 + 100⎟
⎝ ⎠ 7
(I) = × Rs. 27,000
(7 + 8)
1‚331
= x× = 12,600
1‚000
8
∴ x = 8,000 Ans. and (II) = × Rs. 27,000
(7 + 8)
7. (A) Let the share of elder son be Rs. x
= Rs. 14,400 Ans.
∴ ⎛ 5 ⎞2 ⎛ 5 ⎞3
x ⎜ 1 + 100⎟ = (16,400 – x) ⎜ 1 + 100⎟ ⎛ 1 1⎞ 197
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ 6. (A) For Rs. ⎜ 98 4 + 4⎟ = Rs.
⎝ ⎠ 2
∴ x = 8,000 Ans.
cash, we can buy a stock of Rs. 100. So for
⎡⎛ r ⎞2 ⎤
8. (C) 410 = P ⎢⎢ ⎜ 1 + 100⎟ – 1⎥⎥ Rs. 12,805 cash we can buy a stock of
⎣⎝ ⎠ ⎦ 100 × 2 × 12‚805
=
P× r×2 197
and 400 = = Rs. 13,000.
100
∴ r = 5% Ans. Now for a stock of Rs. 100, we can get cash
5 1
CHAPTER 8 = 102 –
8 4
1. (B) 12th Aug. to 17 Sept. = 36 days. 3 819
= Rs. 102 = Rs.
Now 90 – 36 = 54 days. 8 8
Now interest on Rs. 400 for 54 days at the so for Rs. 13,000 we can get a cash
rate of 6 12 % = Rs. 3·90. 819 1
= × × 13,000
8 100
Hence amount received by the depositors
1‚06‚470
400 – 3·90 = Rs. 396·10 Ans. = Rs.
8
2. (C) Cash value of Rs. 4500 stock at 86·75
86·75 ⎛ 3 1⎞ 845
= 4500 × With a cash of Rs. ⎜ 105 8 + 4⎟ = Rs.
100 ⎝ ⎠ 8
= 3903·75 Ans. We can buy a stock of Rs. 100
3. (B) No. of shares purchased in Rs. 14,400 at 1‚06‚470
So with a cash of Rs. we can buy
14‚400 8
20% premium. = = 120.
120 stock of
Gain on 120 shares = 120 × 5 1‚06‚470 100 × 8
= Rs. × = Rs. 12‚600
8 845
= Rs. 600. Ans.
Income from 1st stock
100 3
4. (D) Reqd. Income = 1260 × × 13‚000 × 4
84 100 = Rs. 520
100
= Rs. 45 Ans. Income from 2nd stock
5. (C) Suppose the income from each investment 9 × 12‚600
is Re. 1. = = Rs. 567
2 × 100
Then Re. 1 is the income from the first stock.
Hence, change in Income
126
= = Rs. 21 = Rs. (567 ~ 520)
6
and Re. 1 is the income from the second stock. = Rs. 47 increase Ans.
120 7. (C) Let the sum invested be Rs. x.
= = Rs. 24 ∴ Income in first case
5
Hence the investment is to be divided in the 9 x 3x
= × =
ratio 21 : 24 or 7 : 8 2 96 64
80A | Arithmetic

and income in second case ∴ 10 man = 2 × 10

4×x x = 20 boys
= =
88 22 ∴ 10 men + 10 boys = 20 + 10
3x x = 30 boys
∴ – = 100 ∴
64 22 20 boys completed the work in =15 days
33x – 32x
⇒ = 100 ∴ 30 boys completed the work in
704
15 × 20
or, x = Rs. 70,400 Ans. =
30
8. (B)Face value of 20 shares
= 10 days Ans.
= 20 × 50
3. (A) In 5 days 14 workers make =1400 toys
= Rs. 1,000
∴ Income on Rs. 1,000 at 5% 1400
∴ In 1 day 14 workers make = toys
5
5 × 1‚000
= = 280 toys
100
= Rs. 50 Ans. ⇒ Number of remaining toys = 1400 – 280
= 1120
CHAPTER 9
and number of total workers = (14 + 14)
∴
1. (E) 14 persons complete in 16 days = 28
∴
= 1 work 14 workers make 1400 toys in
⇒ 8 persons complete in 12 days = 5 days
1 × 8 12
= × ∴ 28 workers make 1120 toys in
14 16
5 × 14 × 1120
3 =
= 28 × 1400
7
3 4 = 2 days Ans.
⇒ Remaining work = 1 – = ∴
7 7 4. (D) In 12 days work done by 14 men = 1
and total number of persons = 8 + 8 ∴ In 4 days work done by 14 men
= 16 1×4 1
∴ = =
14 persons do 1 work in = 16 days 12 3
4 16 × 14 4 1 2
∴ 16 persons do work in = × ∴ Remaining work = 1 – =
7 16 7 3 3
= 8 days Ans. and number of total men = 14 + 2 = 16
∴
2. (A) In 10 days a work is completed by = If 1 work is done by 14 men in = 12 days
15 men 2
∴ work is done by 16 men in
∴in 1 day a work is completed by 3
= 15 × 10 12 × 14 2
= ×
= 150 men 16 3
· .· In 15 days the work is completed by = 7 days Ans.
= 20 boys 5. (A) Time taken to complete by both together
∴ 1 day the work is completed by xy
=
= 20 × 15 x+y
= 300 boys [Here x = 8 and y = 4]
∴
Work of 150 men = work of 300 boys 8 × 4 32
= =
300 8 + 4 12
⇒ Work of 1 man =
150 2
= 2 hour Ans.
= work of 2 boys 3
 Arithmetic | 81A

6. (D) Work of (Ganesh, Ram and Sohan) for 1 10. (C) Time taken by (A + B) to complete the
1 xy
day = work =
16 x+y
and work of (Ganesh and Ram) for 1 day [Here x = 6 and y = 3]
1 6×3
= =
24 6+3
1 1 1 = 2 days Ans.
∴Work of Sohan for 1 day = – =
16 24 48
∴ Sohan alone will complete the work in
1 CHAPTER 10
= 1÷
48 1. (C) Let the speed of the first train be x km/hr.
= 48 days Ans. ∴ Total distance
7. (C) Time taken by B alone to complete the Time =
Speed
xy
work = (Length of first train + length
x–y 12 of second train)
[Here x = 12 and y = 8] ∴ =
60 (80 + x)
12 × 8 96 Hence in order to find the value of x, both the
= =
12 – 8 4 statements together are necessary. Ans.
= 24 days Ans. 2. (B) According to both statements
1
8. (A) Work done by (A + B) in 1 day = Let the speed of the boat in still water be x
24 km/hr.
Work done by B alone in 1 day
Speed of river = 1 km
1 1
= = Time taken to go and return = 3 hour
3 × 12 36
∴Work of A for 1 day ∴ 4 4
3 = +
1 1 1 x +1 x–1
= – =
24 36 72 4(x – 1 + x + 1)
⇒ 3 =
1 2 x2 – 1
and remaining work = 1 – =
3 3 3 2x
∴ 1 ⇒ = 2
work is done by A in = 1 day 4 x –1
72 ⇒ 3x2 – 8x – 3 = 0
2
∴ work is done by A in ⇒ (3x + 1) (x – 3) = 0
3
72 2 On solving ∴ x = 3
= 1× × ∴ Both statements together are needed Ans.
1 3
= 48 days Ans. 3. (E) Speed of train
9. (A) Work of (Ram + Dilip + Shekhar) for 1 Length of the train + length of
1 platform
day = =
20 Time taken to cross the
and work of (Ram + Dilip) for 1 day platform
1 Hence both together are necessary. Ans.
= ∴
30 4. (E) The train and the man are moving in
∴Work of Shekhar for 1 day opposite directions
1 1 1 ∴ Time taken to cross the man
= – =
20 30 60 Length of the train in metre
=
Hence Shekhar alone will complete the work [(Speed of the train + Speed of
in 60 days. Ans. the man) in m/sec]
82A | Arithmetic

∴ Length of the train 9. (C) All the three statements are necessary.
4 = ∴
5 Time taken to cross
(84 + 6) ×
18 Sum of lengths of both
Length of the train the trains
⇒ 4 = =
25 Sum of speeds of both
∴ Length of the train the trains
= 25 × 4 = 100 m Ans. Ans.
5. (E) Let the speed of the second train be x 10. (B) Let the speed of the train be x km/hr.
km/hr. · .· Length of the train = 150 m
and sum of lengths of both the trains
150 3
= 100 + 120 = = km
1000 20
= 220 m
and time taken to cross = 10 seconds
220 11
= = km 10 1
1000 50 = = hr
60 × 60 360
Since both the trains are moving in opposite
directions ∴ Length of the train
Time =
∴ Relative speed = (50 + x) km/hr Speed of the train – speed of
the man
and time = 6 sec
3
6 1
= = hr 1 20
60 × 60 600 ⇒ =
360 x–2
11
3
∴ 1 50 ⇒ x–2 = × 360
= 20
600 50 + x
⇒ x – 2 = 54
11
⇒ (50 + x) = × 600 = 132 ∴ x = 54 + 2
50
∴ x = 132 – 50 = 56 km/hr Ans.
= 82 km/hr Ans.
6. (E) According to the formula CHAPTER 11
Time taken to cross another train moving in ∴
1. (B) Weight of 13 m long rod = 23·4 kg
opposite direction
Sum of length of both the trains 23·4
= ⇒ Weight of 1 m long rod =
Sum of speed of both the trains 13
∴ Both statements together are needed Ans. 23·4 × 6
∴ Weight of 6 m long rod =
13
7. (D) Since the speed of the stream is not given,
hence the question cannot be solved. Ans. = 10·8 kg
Ans.
8. (A) Speed of the train = 90 km/hr
2. (C) Three dozen = 3 × 12 = 36
5 ∴
= 90 × The cost of 36 mangoes = Rs. 245
18
= 25 m/sec 245
⇒ The cost of 1 mango = Rs.
∴ Length of the train 36
Speed of the train = 245
Time taken to cross ∴ The cost of 363 mangoes = × 353
Length of the train 36
⇒ 25 = = Rs. 2402·36
10
∴ Length of the train = 25 × 10 = Rs. 2400 (app.)
= 250 m Ans. Ans.
 Arithmetic | 83A
∴
3. (B) 1 kg = 1000 grams ∴ No. of toys can be kept in 98 boxes
1 1 = 60 × 98
∴ kg = 1000 ×
4 4 = 5880
∴
= 250 gram 5880 toys can be lifted by = 1 tempo
∴
The cost of 250 gram = 60 paise ∴ 29400 toys can be lifted by
60 1
⇒ The cost of 1 gram = = × 29400
250 5880
60 = 5 Ans.
∴ The cost of 200 gram = × 200
250 9. (D) 1 dozen = 12
= 48 paise Ans. 1 3
4. (C) Let the cost of the table be Rs. x dozen = × 12 = 3
4 4
and the cost of the chair = Rs y ∴
Cost of 3 bananas = Rs. 2·38
From 1st condition 2x = 5y 2·38
5y ⇒ Cost of 1 banana =
⇒ x = 3
2 ∴ Cost of (42 × 12) bananas
From IInd condition
∴ 2·38 × 42 × 12
x – y = 1200 =
3
5y = 399·84
⇒ – y = 1200
2 ~
– Rs. 400 (approx.) Ans.
3y ∴
⇒ = 1200 10. (A) Cost of 6 dozen chairs
2
= 6 × 12 × 214
∴ y = Rs. 800 Ans.
= Rs. 15408
192
5. (E) Reqd. No. of pieces = and cost of 4 dozen tables
3·2
= 60 Ans. = 4 × 12 × 937
6. (A) 49 dozen = 49 × 12 = 588 = Rs. 44976
∴ ∴ Total cost = 15408 + 44976
The cost of 357 mangoes = Rs. 1517·25
1517·25 = Rs. 15408 + 44976
⇒ The cost of 1 mango = = Rs. 60384
357
= Rs. 4·25 ~
– Rs. 60000 (appro.) Ans.
∴ The cost of 588 mangoes CHAPTER 12
= 4·25 × 588
= Rs. 2499 1. (B) Let the present age of Sudhir be 4x years.
= Rs. 2500 (appro.). Ans. ∴ The present age of Madan 5x years.
∴
7. (C) Total cost of 7000 bricks ∴ 4x + 5
=
5x + 5
= 5740 + 805
= Rs. 6545 5
=
6
6545
⇒ Total cost of 1 brick = ⇒ 25x + 25 = 24x + 30
7000
6545 ⇒ 25x – 24x = 30 – 25
∴Total cost of 1000 bricks = × 1000
7000 ∴ x = 5
= Rs. 935 Ans. ∴ Present age of Sudhir
8. (B) Five dozen = 5 × 12 = 60 = 4×5
No. of toys can be kept in 1 box = 60 = 20 years Ans.
84A | Arithmetic

2. (A) Let the present age of Lata be x years 5. (E) Let the age of Jayesh 10 years ago be 2x
and the present age of Aruna = y years years
From Ist condition and the age of Prakash 10 years ago be 3x
∴ years
(x – 5) = 2(y – 5)
and the age of Sameer 10 years ago be 4x
⇒ x – 5 = 2y – 10 years
⇒ x – 2y = – 5 …(i) ∴ Present age of Jayesh = (2x + 10) years
From IInd condition ∴ Present age of Prakash = (3x + 10) years
∴ 4 ∴ Present age of Sameer = (4x + 10) years
(x + 10) = (y + 10)
3 ∴
According to question
⇒ 3x + 30 = 4y + 40
⇒ (2x +10) + (3x + 10) + (4x + 10) = 93
⇒ 3x – 4y = 10 …(ii)
⇒ 9x + 30 = 93
Multiplying equation (i) by 2 and subtracting ⇒ 9x = 63
from (ii)
∴ x = 7
2x – 4y = – 10
∴ Present age of Sameer = 4x + 10
3x – 4y = 10 = 4 × 7 + 10
– + – = 28 + 10
– x = – 20 = 38 years Ans.
x = 20 6. (B) Let the present age of Pradhan be x years
∴ Age of Lata = 20 years Ans. and his father’s age = y years
3. (A) Let the present age of Kunal be 3x years From Ist condition
and the present age of Ganesh ∴ 3
(x + 6) = (y + 6)
= 5x years 7
∴ According to question, ⇒ 7x + 42 = 3y + 18
5x – 3x = 12 ⇒ 7x – 3y = –24 …(i)
2x = 12 From IInd condition
x = 6 ∴ (x – 10) 1
=
∴ Present age of Kunal = 3 × x (y – 10) 5
= 3×6 ⇒ 5x – 50 = y – 10
= 18 years Ans. ⇒ 5x – y = 40 …(ii)
Multiplying equation (ii) by 3 and subtracting
4. (C) Let the present age of father be x years from (i)
then the present age of son = (x – 25) years 7x – 3y = –24
∴
According to question 15x – 3y = 120
x–4 = 45 – + –
x = 45 + 4 – 8x = – 144
144
x = 49 x = = 18
8
∴ Age of son = 49 – 25 Putting the value of x in equation (i)
= 24 years. ∴
7 × 18 – 3y = – 24
∴ Age of son after five years ⇒ 126 – 3y = – 24
= 24 + 5 = 29 years ⇒ 3y = 126 + 24
∴ Age of father after five years ⇒ 3y = 150
= 49 + 5 = 54 years 150
∴ y =
∴ Total age = 29 + 54 3
= 83 years Ans. ∴ y = 50 years Ans.
 Arithmetic | 85A

7. (E) Let the present age of A and B be x and Multiplying equation (i) by 3 and subtracting
y years respectively from equation (ii)
From Ist condition 3x – 9y = – 36
∴ x–1 3 3x – 5y = 12
= – + –
y–1 4
⇒ 4x – 4 = 3y – 3 – 4y = – 48
⇒ 4x – 3y = 1 …(i) y = 12
Age of Snehal = 12 years Ans.
From IInd condition
10. (B) Let the present age of Ramesh be 3x
∴ x+1 5
= years
y+1 6
and the present age of Jayesh = 2x years
⇒ 6x + 6 = 5y + 5
According to question
⇒ 6x – 5y = – 1 …(ii) ∴
(3x – 4) = (2x – 4) + 6
Multiplying equation (i) by 3 and equation (ii)
⇒ 3x – 4 = 2x – 4 + 6
by 2 and subtract
⇒ 3x – 4 = 2x + 2
12x – 9y = 3
⇒ 3x – 2x = 2 + 4
12x – 10y = – 2
– + + ∴ x = 6
∴ Present age of Jayesh
y = 5
= 2x
∴ Present age of B = 5 years Ans.
= 2 × 6 = 12 years Ans.
8. (C) Let the age of Vimal and Aruna be 3x
and 5x years respectively CHAPTER 13
∴ According to question ∴ 3 4
3x + 5x = 80 1. (A) x× +5 = x×
4 5
x = 10 3x 4x
⇒ +5 =
∴ Age of Vimal after 10 years 4 5
= 3x + 10 4x 3x
⇒ – = 5
= 3 × 10 + 10 5 4
= 40 years x
⇒ = 5
∴ Age of Aruna after 10 years 20
= 5x + 10 ∴ x = 100 litre Ans.
= 5 × 10 + 10 2. (D) Total marks = 160
= 60 years Let the marks in Geography be x
Therefore, required ratio ∴ Marks in History = (160 – x)
= 40 : 60 = 2 : 3 Ans. ∴ 1
(160 – x) × = x
9. (E) Let the present age of Sushil be x years 3
and the present age of Snehal = y years ⇒ 160 – x = 3x
From Ist condition ⇒ 160 = 3x + x
∴
(x – 6) = 3(y – 6) ⇒ 160 = 4x
⇒ x – 6 = 3y – 18 ∴ x = 40 Ans.
∴
⇒ x – 3y = – 12 …(i) 3. (C) Cost of the shirt = Rs. 180
From IInd condition 2
and cost of the kurta = 180 ×
∴ 5 3
(x + 6) = (y + 6) ×
3 = Rs. 120
⇒ 3x + 18 = 5y + 30 1
⇒ 3x – 5y = 12 …(ii) ⇒ Cost of the saree = 120 × 2
2
86A | Arithmetic

5 7. (D) Data is inadequate. (Prabodh gave what

= 120 ×
2 portion of his money ) Ans.
= Rs. 300 8. (C) Out of each 5 girls one girl and out of
∴ Total expenditure = 180 + 120 + 300 each 8 boys, one boy participated in camp. In
∴ = Rs. 600 Ans. other word, out of 13 students, 2 students
1 2
4. (E) Number of men donors = 150 × = 50 participated in camp. Hence of the total
3 13
students took part. Ans.
and number of women donors
= 150 – 50 = 100 9. (E) ∴ Monthly salary = Rs. 5,600
∴ Let the saving be Rs. x
1 man donor donates
∴ Expenditure = Rs. (5,600 – x)
= Rs. 2,000
∴ 50 men donors-donates 1 1
then, (5,600 – x) × = x ×
= 50 × 2,000 = Rs. 1,00,000 5 2
∴ x x
1 woman donor donates ⇒ 1,120 – =
5 2
1
= 2000 × = Rs. 400 x x
5 ⇒ + = 1,120
2 5
∴ 100 women donor donates
= 400 × 100 = Rs. 40,000 7x
⇒ = 1,120
Hence, total amount collected 10
= 1,00,000 + 40,000 ∴ x = 1,600
= Rs. 1,40,000 Ans. Hence, saving = Rs. 1,600 Ans.
5. (D) Let the length of the second piece be x cm 10. (A) Let Ragni had Rs. x
2 x
The length of the first piece = x cm ∴ Amount received by Jaya = Rs.
5 2
∴ 2 then amount received by Savita
x + x = 63
5 x 1 x
= × = Rs.
7x 2 4 8
⇒ = 63
5 ∴ x
then, = 450
⇒ x = 45 cm 8
∴ Length of the samll piece = 63 – 45 ⇒ x = 8 × 450
= 18 cm x = Rs. 3,600
Ans. ∴ Amount that Jaya received from Ragni
6. (B) Let the length of the hall be x m x 3·600
= =
3x 2 2
∴ Breadth of the hall = m
4 = Rs. 1,800 Ans.
∴
Area of the hall = length × breadth
CHAPTER 14
3x
⇒ 300 = x × 1. (D) Let the three consecutive odd numbers
4 be x, (x + 2) and (x + 4)
⇒ 2
3x = 1,200 ∴
{x + (x + 2) + (x + 4)} – x = 20
⇒ x2 = 400
⇒ x+2+x+4 = 20
∴ x = 20
⇒ 2x + 6 = 20
∴ Difference between the length and breadth
3x x ⇒ 2x = 20 – 6 = 14
of the hall = x– = ∴ x = 7
4 4
20 ∴ Middle number = (x + 2)
= =5m Ans.
4 = 7 + 2 = 9 Ans.
 Arithmetic | 87A
∴
2. (C) First number : Second number : Third ⇒ 9x – 9y = 63
number = 4 : 9 : 16 ⇒ 9(x – y) = 63
⇒ Sum of ratios = (4 + 9 + 16) ∴ Reqd. difference = (x – y)
⇒ Sum of the numbers = 174 63
∴ = =7 Ans.
9 × 174 9
∴ Second number =
(4 + 9 + 16) 8. (B) Let the two-digit number be (10x + y)
∴
= 54 Ans. x – y = 3 and xy = 18
3. (C) Let the two number be x and y ∴
(x + y)2 = (x – y)2 + 4xy
∴ 1
30% of x + y = y + y = (3) 2 + 4 × 18
5
= 9 + 72
30x y
⇒ = = 81
100 5
x 100 ∴ Reqd. sum (x + y) = √ ⎯⎯81 = 9 Ans.
∴ =
y 5 × 30 9. (C) Let the two-digit number be (10x + y)
∴
2 x + y = 9 and x – y = 3
= Ans.
3 ⇒ (x + y)2 = (x – y)2 + 4xy
4. (B) Let the two-digit number be (10x + y)
∴ ⇒ (9) 2 = (3) 2 + 4xy
(10x + y) – (10y + x) = 45 ⇒ 4xy = 81 – 9
⇒ 9x – 9y = 45 = 72
∴ Reqd. difference = x – y 72
∴ xy = = 18 Ans.
= 5 Ans. 4
5. (E) Let the number be x 10. (A) Let the number be x.
∴ 1 ∴ 1 3 2
x – 28 = x × x × × × = 34
3 4 5 3
x ⇒ x = 340
⇒ x – = 28
3 20
∴ 20% of x = 340 × = 68 Ans.
2x 100
⇒ = 28
3
3 CHAPTER 15
∴ x = 28 × = 42
2
∴ 50 8–x
50 1. (C) = where x is C.P.
∴ 50% of the number = 42 × 20 x–7
100
of the mix. per kg.
= 21 Ans.
⇒ 5x – 35 = 16 – 2x
6. (D) Let the number be x
⇒ 7x = 16 + 35
∴ x x
– = 10 = 51
3 4
51
x ∴ x = Rs.
⇒ = 10 7
12
But S.P. = Rs. 10 per kg.
∴ x = 10 × 12
51
= 120 ∴ Profit on 1 kg = 10 –
7
60 19
∴ 60% of the number = × 120 = Rs.
100 7
= 72 Ans. 19
7. (C) Let the two-digits number be (10x + y) ∴ Profit on 70 kg = × 70
∴ 7
(10x + y) – (10y + x) = 63 = Rs. 190 Ans.
88A | Arithmetic

∴ 30 x–8 Let 1 kg of each alloy are mixed and the

2. (E) = Where x is the
20 8·50 – x quantity of gold in the third alloy be x kg.
C.P. of the mix. per kg. 7 x
–
⇒ 25·50 – 3x = 2x – 16 ∴ 1 9 2
=
⇒ 5x = 25·50 + 16 1 x 7
–
41·50 2 18
∴ x = = Rs. 8·30
5 7 x x 7
⇒ – = –
∴ S.P. of mix. per kg at 20% profit 9 2 2 18
8·30 × 120 7 7 7
= ∴ x = + =
100 9 18 6
= 9·96 7
= Rs. 10·00 (App.) Ans. ∴ Quantity of gold =
6
∴ 20 7–x
3. (C) = Where x is 7
30 x – 6·50 and quantity of copper = 2 –
6
the C.P. of the mix. per kg.
⇒ 2x – 13 = 21 – 3x 5
= kg.
6
⇒ 5x = 34
∴ x = Rs. 6·80 7 5
∴ Ratio in gold and copper = :
∴ C.P. of 50 kg mix. = 50 × 6·80 6 6
= Rs. 340 = 7 : 5 Ans.
∴ S.P. of 50 kg mix. = 340 + 60 7. (A) Let the price of milk per litre be Re. 1
= Rs. 400 ∴ S.P. of adulterated milk per litre = Re. 1
400 ∴ C.P. of adultrated milk per litre
∴ S.P. of 1 kg mix. = = Rs. 8 Ans.
50
1 × 100
4. (C) Let the water to be added be x litre =
(100 + 20)
∴ x 8–7
= 5
175 7–0 = Rs.
6
⇒ 7x = 175
5 1
175 1–
⇒ x = ∴ Quantity of water 6 6
7 = =
Quantity of milk 5 5
∴ = 25 litre Ans. –0
6 6
5. (A) Let the Wheat at Rs. 4·00 is mixed x kg.
= 1:5
∴ x 6·00 – 4·80
= ∴ Quantity of water with 1 litre of milk
42 4·80 – 4·00
1·20 = 200 ml Ans.
=
0·80 8. (C) Quantity of water to be added
⇒ 0·8x = 1·2 × 42 (Value of reqd.% – Value of present%)
=
1·2 × 42 100% – Value of reqd.%
∴ x = × volume of solution
0·8
= 63 kg Ans. 20 – 10
= × 40
7 100 – 20
6. (C) The quantity of gold in first alloy = × 10 × 40
9 = = 5 litre Ans.
wt. of I alloy 80
7 100 × 96
and quantity of gold in second alloy = × 9. (B) C.P. of mixture per kg =
18 (100 + 20)
wt. of II alloy = Rs. 80
 Arithmetic | 89A
∴
∴ Quantity of pure ghee Area of the rectangular plot
Quantity of vegetable oil = length × breadth
50 – 80 13x
= ⇒ 20·8 = ×x
80 – 100 10
30 ⇒ x2 = 16
∴ Reqd. ratio =
20 ∴ x = 4
= 3:2 Ans. 13x 13 × 4 52
10. (B) C.P. of the mixture per kg ∴ Length of the plot = = =
10 10 10
22 × 100 = 5·2 m Ans.
= = Rs. 20
(100 + 10) 4. (E) Let the area of the original rectangle be
∴ 2 x – 20 100 m2
=
3 20 – 14 130
Area of the new rectangle = 100 ×
2 x – 20 100
⇒ =
3 6 = 130 m2
⇒ 3x – 60 = 12 Hence, the ratio between the area of the new
⇒ 3x = 12 + 60 = 72 and original rectangle = 130 : 100
= 13 : 10 Ans.
72 ∴
∴ x = = Rs. 24 Ans. 5. (B) Area of a square = Area of a circle
3
⇒ (side)2 = π × (radius)2
CHAPTER 16
22
1. (A) Let the length of the plot be x m and ⇒ (side)2 = × 14 × 14
7
breadth be y m
⇒ (side)2 = 616
∴ Area of the plot = x × y = xy m2
∴ Side = 24·8 cm
Area after the percentage increase in length
and breadth ∼
– 25 cm (app.)
150 120 9xy Ans.
= x× ×y× = 6. (D) Let the length of the rectangular field be
100 100 5
xm
9
The new area is = of the old area and breadth of the rectangular field
5
75 3x
4 = x× =
Hence it is 1 times of the old area Ans. 100 4
5 ∴
(diagonal)2 = (length) 2 + (breadth)2
2. (D) Side of the square = 6 cm
Breadth of the rectangle = 6 – 2 = 4 cm ⎛ 3x⎞ 2
⇒ (100) 2 = x2 + ⎜ 4 ⎟
∴ ⎝ ⎠
Area of the square = Area of the rectangle
9x2
⇒ (Side)2 = length × breadth ⇒ 10,000 = x2 +
16
⇒ (6) 2 = length × 4 25x2
36 ⇒ 10,000 =
∴ length = = 9 cm Ans. 16
4 ⇒ 25x2 = 16 × 10,000
3. (A) Let the breadth of rectangular plot be x m 16 × 10‚000
⇒ x2 =
Length of the rectangular plot 25
30 16 × 10‚000
= x+x× ∴ x =
100 25
130x 13x 4 × 100
= = m = = 80
100 10 5
90A | Arithmetic
∴
∴ Area of the field = length × breadth Area = length × breadth
3 3 8x
= x × x = x2 ⇒ 5732 = ×x
4 4 5
3 ⇒ 8x2 = 28‚660
= × 80 × 80
4 28‚660
= 4,800 m2 Ans. ⇒ x2 =
8
7. (D) Area of the whole rectangular plot ⇒ x2 = 3,582·5
= 50 × 20 = 1000 m2 ∴ x = 59·85 m
Length of the plot excluding the path ∴ Breadth of the rectangle
= 50 – 2 × 7 = 50 – 14 = 36 m ∼
– 60 m (app.) Ans.
Breadth of the plot excluding the path
CHAPTER 17
= 20 – 2 × 7 = 20 – 14 = 6 m
1. (C) Sectorial angle made by market tax
Area of the plot excluding the path
33 × 360°
= 36 × 6 = 216 m2 = = 118·8°
100
Area of the path = 1,000 – 216 ~
– 119° (App.) Ans.
= 784 m2 Ans. 2. (B) Total expenditure on rest except on
8. (A) Let the breadth of the field be x m defence and pension
150 3x = 11% + 15% + 6%
∴ Length of the field = x × = m
100 2 = 32%
and perimeter of the field and total expenditure on defence and pension
= 2(length + breadth) = (100 – 32)
⎛ 3x⎞ = 68%
⇒ 200 = 2 ⎜ x + 2 ⎟
⎝ ⎠ 68
∴ Ratio = = 2 : 1 (App.) Ans.
32
200 5x
⇒ = 3. (D) Since the income from custom duty = 4%
2 2
∴ x = 40 ∴ 4% of the income = Rs. 25 thousand
3x 25 × 100
Length of the field = ∴ Total income = thousand
2 4
3 × 40 = Rs. 6,25,000 Ans.
=
2 4. (A) Money borrowed = 18%
= 60 m Ans. and expenditure on interest = 6%
∴
9. (C) Perimeter of the field 6 × 100
∴ Rate of interest = %
= 2(length + breadth) 18
= 2(35 + 16) = 33·3% Ans.
= 2 × 51 = 102 m 5. (D) Expenditure on International = 11%
· .·Cost of fencing ∴ Other total expenditure = (100 – 11)%
1 m = Rs. 7 = 89%
∴ Cost of fencing 11 × 100
∴ Reqd. percentage = %
89
102 m = 7 × 102
= 12·36% Ans.
= Rs. 714 Ans.
6. (D) It is clear from the graph that the price
10. (D) Let the breadth of the rectangular be x m of commodity A in the month of April and
160 8x August is Rs. 1000 and Rs. 1000 respectively
Length of the rectangle = x × = m
100 5 hence it is equal. Ans.
 Arithmetic | 91A

7. (B) Difference in the price of commodity A Percentage increase in the commission of

and B in the month of April. salesman C in 1992
= 1150 – 1000 (29400 – 29100) × 100
= %
= Rs. 150 Ans. 29100
8. (E) Average price of commodity A and B in = 1·03%
1150 + 1000 Percentage increase in the commission of
the month fo April = salesman C in 1993
2
= Rs. 1075 (30000 – 29400) × 100
= %
29400
and average price of commodity A and B in
1000 + 950 = 2·04%
the month of August = ∴ Maximum percentage increase was in the
2
year 1989. Ans.
= Rs. 975
12. (A) Required percentage
∴ Reqd. difference = 1075 – 975 28000 × 100
= Rs. 100 Ans. = = 19·05
146960
9. (A) Increase in the price of commodity B = 20% (Approx.) Ans.
from Jan. to April = 1150 – 1000 13. (D) Increase in the commission of A in 1991
= Rs. 150 as compared to 1988
∴ Percentage increase in the price of commo- = 29800 – 27350 = 2450
dity B from Jan. to April Increase in the commission of B in 1991 as
150 × 100 compared to 1988
= %
1000 = 28000 – 26850 = 1150
= 15% Ans. Increase in the commission of C in 1991 as
10. (D) Decrease in the price of commodity A compared to 1988
from March to April = 29100 – 26200 = 2900
= 1125 – 1000 = 125
Increase in the commission of D in 1991 as
∴ Percentage decrease in the price of compared to 1988
commodity A from March to April
= 30060 – 27850 = 2210
125 × 100
= = 11·11% Increase in the commission of E in 1991 as
1125 compared to 1988
–∼ 12% (App.) Ans. = 30000 – 28640 = 1360
11. (A) Increase percentage in commission of ∴ Maximum increase was in the commi-
sales- man C in 1989 ssion of salesman C. Ans.
(27800 – 26200) 14. (C) In 1989 the difference between the maxi-
= × 100%
26200 mum and minimum commission
= 6·10% = 30040 – 27800 = Rs. 2240
Percentage increase in the commission of In 1990 the difference between the maximum
salesman C in 1990 and minimum commission
(28200 – 27800) × 100
= % = 29800 – 25200 = Rs. 4600
27800
In 1991 the difference between the maximum
= 1·44% and minimum commission
Percentage increase in the commission of = 30060 – 28000 = Rs. 2060
salesman C in 1991
In 1992 the difference between the maximum
(29100 – 28200) × 100
= % and minimum commission
28200
= 3·19% = 29800 – 24600 = Rs. 5200
92A | Arithmetic

In 1993 the difference between the maximum Difference in the production of Rabi and
and minimum commission Khariff in 1992-93
= 32000 – 27000 = Rs. 5000 = 6·5 – 5 = 1·5 million tons
∴ Maximum difference was in the year 1992.
Hence, the minimum difference was in
Ans. 1992-93. Ans.
15. (E) Commission earned by salesman D in 19. (E) Average production of Rabi
the year 1992 = Rs. 29800
7 + 6·5 + 8 + 6 + 6·5 34
and Commission earned by salesman A in the = =
5 5
year 1992 = Rs. 24600
= 6·8 million tons
∴ Required percentage
In 1990-91 the production of Rabi
29800 × 100
= % = 8 million tons
24600
= 121·14 % ∴ Required difference
∼ = 8 – 6·8
– 120% (Approx.) Ans.
= 1·2 million tons Ans.
16. (C) The average Khariff production of the
20. (D) Production of Khariff in 1989-90
given years
(5 + 4·75 + 4·25 + 3·5 + 5) = 4·75 million tons
= million tons Production of Rabi in 1989-90
5
22·5 = 6·5 million tons
=
5 Hence, Required percentage
= 4·5 million tons Ans. 4·75 × 100
= = 73%
17. (E) Rabi production in the year 1990-91 6·5
= 8 million tons –∼ 75% (Approx.) Ans.
Rabi production in the year 1991-92 21. (E) Total production of fertilizers in the
= 6 million tons month of June
Decrease = 8 – 6 = 320 + 160 + 188 + 173 + 135 + 130
= 2 million tons = 1106 millions tones
∴ Required percentage decrease ∴ 25% of the total production of fertilizers in
2 the months of June
= × 100%
8 25
= 25% Ans. = 1106 × = 276·5 millions tons
100
18. (C) Difference in the production of Rabi and
Khariff in 1988-89 Hence, in the month of June unit I has the
= 7–5 share of more than 25% of the total produc-
= 2 million tons tion of fertilizers. Ans.
Difference in the production of Rabi and 22. (B) Production of fertilizers in unit V in the
Khariff in 1989-90 month of May = 140 million tons
= 6·5 – 4·75 Production of fertilizers in unit V in the
= 1·75 million tons month of August = 145 million tons
Difference in the production of Rabi and ∴ Increase = 145 – 140
Khariff in 1990-91 = 5 million tons
= 8 – 4·25 = 3·75 million tons Hence, percentage increase
Difference in the production of Rabi and 5 × 100
= % = 3·57%
Khariff in 1991-92 140
= 6 – 3·5 = 2·5 million tons ~
– 3·5% (App.) Ans.
 Arithmetic | 93A

23. (E) 15% of the total production in the month is (12·3%) almost equal to the average per-
of April centage energy consumption in the household
15 sector in the given years. Ans.
= (310 + 180 + 169 + 137 + 140 + 120) ×
100 27. (B) In agriculture sector there was continu-
1056 × 15 ous increase in consumption over the given
= = 158·4 million tons
100 years. Ans.
15% of the total production in the month of 28. (D) Data are inadequate. Ans.
May
15 29. (E) Total consumption of energy in house-
= (318 + 179 + 177 + 162 + 140 + 122) × hold, agriculture and other sectors in 1990-91
100
1098 × 15 = 13·3 + 9 + 2·3 = 24·6
= = 164·7 million tons
100 Total consumption of energy in household,
15% of the total production in the month of agriculture and other sectors in 1980-81
June = 12·3 + 6·1 + 1·1 = 19·5
15
= (320 + 160 + 188 + 173 + 135 + 130) × Total consumption of energy in household,
100
agriculture and other sectors in 1970-71
1106 × 15
= = 165·9 million tons = 14·3 + 3·8 + 0·9 = 19
100
15% of the total production in the month of Total consumption of energy in household,
July agriculture and other sectors in 1960-61
15 = 10·6 + 1·8 + 2·0 = 14·4
= (326 + 167 + 187 + 180 + 146 + 130) ×
100 Total consumption of energy in household,
1136 × 15 agriculture and other sectors in 1950-51
= = 170·4 million tons
100 = 9·9 + 1·7 + 2·4 = 14
15% of the total production in the month of
∴ Minimum consumption was in 1950-51 .
August
15 Ans.
= (327 + 150 + 185 + 178 + 145 + 128) ×
100 30. (D) Production in 1990 = 20 million tons
1113 × 15 Product to be exported in 1990
= = 166·95 million tons
100
= 24 million tons
Hence, in none of the months unit No. II has a
Reqd. decrease = (24 – 20)
contribution of approximately 15% in the
total fertilizer production Ans. = 4 million tons Ans.
∴
24. (A) 31. (B) Required export in 1989
25. (B) Required percentage increase = 24 million tons
(14·3 – 10·6) ⇒ Production in 1986
= × 100 %
10·6 = 24 million tons
= 34·9% ∴ Required year = 1986 Ans
∼
– 35% (App.) Ans. 32. (B) Required percentage increase
26. (C) Average consumption of household (32 – 26)
energy = × 100%
26
9·9 + 10·6 + 14·3 + 12·3 + 13·3
= = 23·076%
5
60·4 –∼ 24% (App.) Ans.
= = 12·08%
5 (20 – 16)
33. (E) Required decrease = × 100%
Hence, in the year 1980-81 was the percen- 20
tage energy consumption in household sector = 20% Ans.
94A | Arithmetic

34. (B) Average production ⇒ Increase in expenditure

(24 + 16 + 26 + 32 + 20 + 28) = 250 – 125 = Rs. 125
=
6 ∴ % of increase of the total increase
146 125 × 100
= = 24·33 million tons = %
6 700
Hence, in two years 1987 and 1990 the pro- = 17 67 % Ans.
duction was less than the average production.
Ans. 42. (C) Expenditure on clothes of family
35. (B) Production of C machine tools in 1989 50° × 900
A = = Rs. 125
= 27 lakh 360°
Production of C machine tools in 1994 and expenditure on miscellaneous of family
= 31 lakh 28·125° × 1600
B = = Rs. 125
Hence, Required difference 360
= 31 – 27 = 4 lakh Hence the expenditure on clothes of family A
= 400000 Ans. is the same as the expenditure on miscella-
36. (A) On studying the table it is clear that the neous of Family B. Ans
production of ‘A’ type of machine tools is
43. (D) Saving of the family
continuously increasing. Ans.
37. (E) Total production of A type of machine 33·75° × 1600
B = = Rs. 150 Ans.
tools in 1991 and 1992 360°
= 21 + 24 = 45 lakh 44. (B) Total expenditure of both families
Production of C type of machine tools in = 900 + 1600
1993 = 32 lakh = Rs. 2500
Hence, Required percentage and expenditure on food of the family
45 × 100 112·5 × 1600
= % = 140·6% B =
32 360
∼
– 140% (App.) Ans. = Rs. 500
38. (C) Required percentage increase 500 × 100
Reqd. percentage = %
(34 – 24) 2500
= × 100 = 41·67%
24 = 20% Ans.
∼
– 40% (App.) Ans. 45. (D) In 1974, the ratio of gross profit to
39. (B) Required percentage 30
Net profit = =3
29 × 100 10
= = 20·14% 40
144 In 1975, reqd. ratio = = 2·6
∼ 15
– 20% (App.) Ans.
45
40. (A) Difference in degrees on food and rent In 1976, reqd. ratio = = 1·8
25
= 120° – 80° = 40° 50
Since 360° represent Rs. 900 In 1977, reqd. ratio = = 2·0
25
900 × 40° ∴ The greatest increase in gross profit to the
∴ 40° = = Rs. 100 Ans.
360° net profit was in 1974. Ans.
∴
41. (B) Expenditure of family A on cloth 50
46. (C) In 1977 the ratio = =2 Ans.
50° × 900 25
= = Rs. 125
360° 47. (B) % of net profit to gross profit in the year
⇒ Expenditure of B family on cloth 15 × 100
1975 = %
56·25° × 1600 40
= = Rs. 250 = 37·5% Ans.
360°
 Arithmetic | 95A

48. (B) Entire gross profit for 4 years 55. (B) Area cultivated for vegetables
= 30 + 40 + 45 + 50 15
= × 200000
= Rs. 165 100
and entire net profit for 4 years = 30000 sq. meter Ans.
= 10 + 15 + 25 + 25 56. (B) Since 100% represents = 360°
= Rs. 75 360° × 5
∴ 5% represents = = 18° Ans.
Reqd. ratio = 165 : 75 100
= 11 : 5 Ans. 57. (A) Largest area cultivated is for wheat i.e.
49. (B) Between 1976 and 1977 net profit is 30% and second largest area cultivated is for
same. Hence there is no increase and there it paddy i.e. 25%
∴
is the least. The growth is zero Ans. Difference = 30% – 25% = 5%
50. (B) Quantity of iron ore export in 5
Excess = × 200000
1976 = 15 million tons 100
and the value of iron ore export in 1976 = 10000 sq. meter Ans.
= Rs. 80 crore 58. (D) Since 25% area = 5000 sq. meter
∴ Rate of iron per million ton 5000 × 20
∴ 20% area =
80 16 25
= =
15 3 = 4000 sq. meter Ans.
1 59. (B) Area cultivated for barley and wheat
= Rs. 5 crore Ans.
3 = 5% + 30% = 35%
51. (C) Actual increase in quantity from 1974 to and area cultivated for Paddy, groundnut and
1975 = 14·0 – 12·5 vegetables = 25% + 5% + 15%
= 1·5 million tons = 45%
1·5 35 7
∴ Percentage increase = × 100% ∴ Reqd. Ratio = = =7:9 Ans.
12·5 45 9
= 12% Ans. 60. (B) Production of steel in 1921
52. (D) Total receipt for the five years = 44 million tons
= 36·0 + 40·5 + 50·0 + 65·6 + 80·0 and production of steel in 1929
= Rs. 272·1 crore = 118 million tons
∴ Average receipt per year 44 22
∴ Reqd. Ratio = = Ans.
272·1 118 59
= = 54·42
5 61. (C) Production of steel in 1920 = 72 million
= Rs. 54·4 crore Ans. tons and total production from 1920 to 1929
53. (D) Total of quantity of iron export in 5 = 72 + 44 + 68 + 78 + 78 + 90 + 92 + 100
years. + 108 + 118
= 10·5 + 11·0 + 12·5 + 14·0 + 15·0 = 848 million tons
= 63·0 million tons 72 × 100
∴ Reqd. percentage = %
and the quantity of iron export in 1975 848
= 14·0 million tons = 8·49%
14 2 ∼
– 8·5% (App.) Ans.
∴ Reqd. ratio = = = 2 : 9 Ans.
63 9 62. (A) Total production
54. (B) Difference in receipt between two succe- = 848 million tons
ssive years 1973 and 1972 is least ∴ Average annual production
= 40·5 – 36·0 848
=
= Rs. 4·5 crore 10
This is the least difference Ans. = 84·8 million tons Ans.
96A | Arithmetic

63. (D) Jump from 1921 to 1923 67. (B) Total income for the four years
= 78·00 – 44·00 = 6000 + 6800 + 7500 + 8000
= 34·0 million tons
= Rs. 28300
Jump from 1923 to 1925
= 90·00 – 78·00 ∴ Average annual income
= 12·0 million tons 28300
=
Jump from 1925 to 1927 4
= 100 – 90 = Rs. 7075 Ans.
= 10·0 million tons 68. (C) Expenditure in 1978-79
Jump from 1927 to 1929
= Rs. 6500
= 118 – 100
and expenditure in 1979-80
= 18·0 million tons
Thus the greatest jump is between 1921 and = Rs 7000
1923 Ans. ∴ Increase in expenditure
64. (B) The greatest difference of two succes- = 7000 – 6500
sive years is for 1920 and 1921 and this diffe-
rence = 72 – 44 = Rs. 500
= 28 million tons Ans. ∴ Percentage of increase of expenditure
65. (D) Income in 1978-79 = Rs. 6000 500 × 100
= %
and Income in 1981-82 = Rs. 8000 6500
6000 100 9
∴ Reqd. Ratio = = % = 713 % Ans.
8000 13
= 3:4 Ans. 69. (C) Total income for the entire period of 4
66. (C) Expenditure of the year (1981-82) years = 6000 + 6800 + 7500 + 8000
= Rs. 7500 = Rs. 28300
and Income of the year (1981-82) = Rs. 8000 and Total expenditure the entire period of 4
∴ % of expenditure to the income years = 6500 + 7000 + 7400 + 7500
7500 × 100 = Rs. 28400
= %
8000 ∴ Balance = 28300 – 28400
= 93·75% Ans. = Rs. (– 100) Ans.

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General English